Ravendra Kumar

• Ph.D. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar
• Professor (Assistant) at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

This study explored the chemical composition and synergistic interactions of essential oils (EOs) from Boenninghausenia albiflora collected from four locations (Boenninghausenia albiflora Harinagar EOs, BAHEO; Boenninghausenia albiflora Bhowali EOs, BABEO; Boenninghausenia albiflora Dunagiri EOs, BADEO and Boenninghausenia albiflora Munsyari EOs, B...

The development of environmentally friendly pesticides and antibiotics is critical due to increasing resistance to conventional agents and rising concerns about human health and environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal, phytotoxic, and antibacterial properties of acetone extracts from various parts of Alpinia malaccensis....

Digitalis purpurea L. is traditionally valued for its cardiac glycosides, but its pesticidal properties remain underexplored. This study evaluated its nematicidal efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita, focusing on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition as a potential mechanism. Extracts obtained using Soxhlet extraction with hexane (DPHE), dichlor...

Leucosceptrum canum, a rare Himalayan plant, shows significant bioactive properties, with its nematicidal potential investigated here for the first time. This study isolated and characterized flavonoids from L. canum, assessing their efficacy against the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified three...

The pesticidal activity of the rhizome and aerial parts of Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker was investigated, revealing significant findings. The GC-MS analysis revealed significant compositional variability among the extracts. β-Sitosterol was identified as the dominant compound in all extracts prepared with hexane, acetone, and methanol, while α-humu...

Hedychium coronarium, commonly referred to as the white ginger lily, is esteemed for its ornamental characteristics and fragrant properties. However, its potential as a natural insecticide remains inadequately explored, particularly regarding the influence of seasonal variations on its chemical composition. The aim of this study was to investigate...

This study includes a comparative investigation to analyze the phytochemical composition, nematicidal efficacy, in vitro AChE inhibitory activity, and molecular docking study of Leucosceptrum canum. (LC) extracts. Various polarity solvent extracts including hexane (LCHE), dichloromethane (LCDE), and methanol (LCME) were prepared from LC aerial part...

Hedychium flavescens is recognized for its medicinal and pesticidal potential, yet its comprehensive phyto-chemical profile and bioactivity against nematodes remain underexplored. This study offers a comparative analysis of the chemical composition, nematicidal activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of essential oils (EOs) and extracts...

Digitalis purpurea L., commonly referred to as foxglove, is a biennial herbaceous plant indigenous to Western and Central Europe and has become widely established in temperate areas across the globe. Renowned for its vibrant bell‐shaped flowers, D. purpurea has a long‐standing history of medicinal use, particularly for treating cardiovascular issue...

Carotenoids represent a prevalent category of pigments within the marine ecosystem. These compounds are not only found in bacteria, yeasts, and fungi but are also present in algae, as well as various vertebrates and invertebrates. Organisms within this environment can modify the structure of carotenoids obtained through their diet. Marine animals a...

This study investigates the potential of methyl eugenol (ME), a compound found in the essential oils of various plants, to inhibit oxidative stress and its impact on diseases associated with this process. ME has been shown to possess antioxidant properties and antiproliferative activity in several cancers. It also demonstrates neuroprotective poten...

Introduction Hedychium coronarium J. König, from the Zingiberaceae family, is a rhizomatous herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its febrifuge, anti-rheumatic, and anthelmintic properties. Method This study characterizes the chemical diversity and biological activities of H. coronarium oleoresins collected from four locations in Uttarakhand: Pantna...

Lantana camara is weed with a wide range of chemical constituents, including primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. These compounds contribute to its medicinal and pesticidal potential. The essential oils and different solvent fractions derived from L. camara exhibit notable variations in...

This study investigates the phytochemical profiles and pesticidal activities of various Elsholtzia species, including E. ciliata, E. flava, E. fruticosa, and E. eriostachya, to discover their bioactive potential for sustainable pest management. Through comparative phytochemical analysis using GC‐MS technique, key compounds in the essential oils wer...

Hedychium coronarium plant has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its diverse phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and biological attributes of H. coronarium essential oils collected during different seasons in the Kumaun region...

Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms, distributed globally. Several Euphorbiaceae species produce essential oils, which are characterized by different chemical profiles and biological properties, as reported in previous literature. This review covers articles published between 2012 and 2023 that describe essential oils extrac...

Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms, distributed globally. Several Euphorbiaceae species produce essential oils, which are characterized by different chemical profiles and biological properties, as reported in previous literature. This review covers articles published between 2012 and 2023 that describe essential oils extrac...

Three labdane-type diterpenes, namely coronalactoside i, hedychilactone a, and (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15(16)-olide, along with the flavonoid glycoside isolinariin a, were isolated from Heydichium coronarium. Structural elucidation employed spectroscopic techniques (iR, mS, nmR, and dEpt) and comparison with literature data. pesticidal and antimicr...

This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and pesticidal activities of essential oils (EOs) from Cautleya spicata rhizomes and aerial parts. The EOs were assessed against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) by mortality and hatchability bioassays and the phytotoxicity of the EOs was determined against Raphanus raphanistrum subspp....

Plants are a great source of bioactive compounds. Many such bioactive compounds are considered as extra nutritional constituents and typically occur in foods in small quantities. Capsaicinoids are a group of such compounds with many nutritional and health benefits. Capsaicinoids are amides present in Capsicum species, which are secondary metabolite...

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological properties of indigenous wild edible fruits that grow in the Uttarakhand Himalayas in India. Plant extracts were prepared employing the cold percolation method in both nonpolar and polar solvents, i.e., hexane and methanol. Subsequent GC-MS analysis of the...

The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils from species of the Myrcia genus and their applications. The compiled results highlight the chemical diversity and biological activities of these oils, emphasizing their potential importance for various therapeutic and industrial applications. The find...

Leucosceptrum canum Sm., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a colorful, aromatic woody plant renowned for its nectar production. Extensive phytochemical research over the years has led to the identification of numerous chemical constituents within L. canum, particularly highlighting diterpenoids and sesterterpenoids as its characteristic compoun...

Biorationals or biopesticides are pest control agents of biological origin. Biopesticides are emerging alternatives to harmful chemical pest control agents. The book provides essential information on botanical, biological originated insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, nematicidal agents, insect growth hormones, insect pheromones and plant growth...

Essential oils work synergistically to mitigate pathogenic impact of Meloidogyne incognita, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia rolfsii, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, https://doi. Abstract The phytochemical analysis and potential synergistic interactions between the essential oils (EOs) of Vitex negundo L. Piper longum L. and Vitex ag...

Coleus aromaticus Benth. (Family: Lamiaceae) is a huge perennial, aromatic and succulent herb native to the Indian subcontinent. The dried leaves have an oregano-like texture making them a perfect culinary food supplement to be used as herbal seasoning for meat and other food products. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive components in...

Insecticides with growth regulating properties may adversely affect insects by controlling or suppressing specific biochemical pathways or processes necessary for their growth and development. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are either synthetic chemicals or derived from other natural sources such as plants. These include chitin synthesis inhibitor...

The use of chemotherapeutic drugs and broad-spectrum insecticides are used to tackle hematophagous insect vectors and the diseases they transmit are threatened by rising pesticide and drug resistance. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that new, alternative, complementary, and efficient methods to be developed for the surveillance and control of s...

Pesticides are categorized into different types according to their toxicity and environmental impacts. “Biorational” pesticides are pest control agents that are comparatively safe for humans and have a less negative impact on the environment. The classes of biorational pesticides comprise botanicals, microbial, minerals, and synthetic materials. Bo...

Mentha longifolia is a well-known species of medicinal plant for its ethnopharmacological, pharmacological importance, industrial uses etc. This research paper presents a comprehensive study on a new species Mentha longifolia subsp. himalaiensis essential oil, focusing on its GC-MS analysis, nematicidal and antioxidant activities, as well as in-sil...

The essential oils and aroma derived from the leaves (L), stems (St), and spikes (s) of Piper nigrum L. cv. Guajarina were extracted; the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), and steam distillation (SD), and the aroma was obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). Chemical constituents were identified and qua...

Medicinal Plants - Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches presents an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted relationships between medicinal plants and human health. This comprehensive volume delves into the intricate chemical and biochemical aspects of plants, shedding light on their pharmacological properties and applications. Wi...

The essential oil composition of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) rhizomes, collected from twenty different ecological niches in Uttarakhand, India, with an oil yield ranging between 0.7-5.4% (v/w), was examined by GC/MS. Among the identified components, β-asarone (62.3-75.9%), α-asarone (2.2-6.1%), Z-isoelemicin (2.4-6.2%), Z-methyl isoeugenol (2.3-6.4%...

Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.), whose common name is “pracaxi,” is naturally found in the Amazon region. The present study is aimed at analyzing the anatomy, seed histochemistry, and chemical composition in fatty acid profile of P. macroloba seed oils. Seeds were collected in the cities of Belém, Marituba, and São Domingos do Capim-PA. For the stu...

The present research work aims to analyze the chemical, phytochemical composition and biological activities of Curcuma amada with Curcuma longa L. essential oil, the 2 variants collected from the diverse elevations and geographical variations of Kumaun and Garhwal regions of Uttarakhand, India. The analysis was done by using gas chromatography-mass...

The paper focuses on the biological activities of polar and non-polar extracts made from the aerial part of the plant Anaphalis margaritacea that was further chemically characterized. Both extracts’ constituent components were identified by their GC-MS profiles. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic and hexane extracts w...

Plant extracts are considered as a promising alternative to chemical pest control agents. The chemistry of plant extracts varies with several environmental as well as geographical factors. Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe also known as "Rosy Ginger" and "Jangli Adrak" is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plant of family Zingiberaceae....

The plant Artemesia nilagirica, collected from the terrain of the Himalayan region in Uttarakhand, India, was evaluated for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. The different polarity extracts of the plant were prepared and subjected to GC-MS analysis for their phytochemical composition. Twenty-six c...

The essential oils (OEs) of the leaves, stems, and spikes of P. marginatum were obtained by hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and simultaneous extraction. The chemical constituents were identified and quantified by GC/MS and GC-FID. The preliminary biological activity was determined by assessing the toxicity of the samples to Artemia salina Le...

The objective of the present study was to examine the chemical compositions of Salvia coccinea oleoresins prepared in methanol and petroleum ether. GC-MS analysis of Salvia coccinea methanolic oleoresin (SCMO) and Salvia coccinea ether oleoresin (SCEO) resulted in the identification of 15 and 12 constituents, comprising 84.7 and 81.2% of the total...

The medicinal traits of Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. have been used in traditional and folklore medicinal system, however, scientific evaluation of such medicinal plants have not been much explored yet. Different solvent extracts of the whole plant of C. macrophylla from the Himalayan region are the key subject of interest to evaluate and exhibit t...

Abstract The present study aimed to identify the bioactive constituents in the chloroform extract of H. spicatum rhizomes (HS-RCLE), further evaluated for its in-vitro pesticidal activities validating via molecular docking techniques. GC/MS analysis of HS-RCLE identified 14 compounds contributing 84.1 % of the total composition. The extract was dom...

A chemical study on the rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum resulted in the isolation and identification of labdane diterpenes, hedychilactone A (1), and B (2). The chemical structure of known compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated based on extensive spectral data analyses and identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported data in...

Micromeria biflora Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal herb used widely for treating the ailments like nose bleeds, toothaches, wounds, and sinusitis. The essential oil (EO) of Micromeria biflora collected from Bageshwar, Uttarakhand in India was examined by GC and GC/MS, which contributed 97.1% of the total essential oil. The EO was found...

Te objective of the current study was to evaluate the altitudinal variability in chemical compounds, nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activity of the essential oils of H. coronarium collected from four diferent habitats of Tarai and Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. Essential oils were hydro-distilled from rhizomes of H. coronarium...

Background: Alpinia malaccensis, commonly known as "Malacca ginger" and "Rankihiriya," is an important medicinal plant of Zingiberaceae. It is native to Indonesia and Malaysia and widely distributed in countries including Northeast India, China, Peninsular Malaysia and Java. Due to vide pharmacological values, it is necessary to recognize this spe...

The aim of present study was to investigate the phytochemical analysis and biological activities of the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum sanctum L. The GC-MS analysis of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (OGEO) and Ocimum sanctum essential oil (OSEO) comprised 97.3% and 95.9% of the total compositions respectively, with phenylpropa...

In the present investigation the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils (EOs) of the five Strobilanthes species viz., S. angustifrons C. B. Clarke, S. pentastemonoid M, (Nees) T. Anderson, S. tomentosa (Nees) J.R.I.Wood, S. attenuata (Wall. ex Nees) Jacq. ex Nees and S. glutinosa (Nees) collected from different locations o...

Artemisia annua L. [family Asteraceae (Compositae)] is a well-known medicinal herb with a broad spectrum of applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The present study aimed to investigate the variation of essential oil (EO) composition from the plant aerial parts, harvested in rainy (AAREO) and winter (AAWEO) seasons. GC-MS analysis of AAREO...

The current study describes the analysis of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of various polarity extracts of the Anaphalis busua plant that was collected at an altitude of 1654 m in the Himalayan terrain of Uttarakhand, India. The extracts were prepared by the cold percolation method, which was then subjected to GC-MS for phy...

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EO) from rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from Jorhat, Assam; Munsyari and Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. EOs were studied for different pesticidal activities viz; nematicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. To study the synergistic...

The essential oils (EOs) of Guatteria schomburgkiana (Gsch) and Xylopia frutescens (Xfru) (Annonaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Herbicide activity was measured by analyzing the seed germination percentage and root and hypocotyl elongation of two...

The essential oils (EOs) of Guatteria schomburgkiana (Gsch) and Xylopia frutescens (Xfru) (Annonaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Herbicide activity was measured by analyzing the seed germination percentage and root and hypocotyl elongation of two...

The objective of the current study was to re-examine the chemical components of the essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Skimmia anquetilia N.P. Taylor & Airy Shaw in two different seasons designated as Skimmia anquetilia rainy season essential oil (SKREO) and Skimmia anquetilia winter season essential oil (SKWEO). The GC-MS analysis of SKRE...

Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a number of biologically active compounds. Since ancient times, such plants have been used in ethnopharmacology. A number of medicines have been developed from plant origin by researchers and Researchers continue to be interested in plant-based medicines.. Zingiberaceae is a well-known plant family fo...

Alkaloids are the most basic, naturally occurring nitrogen-containing organic compounds frequently found in plants, animals and microbes. These are the important secondary metabolites known to have a number of therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Several studies have focused on the wide range of pharmaceutical potential of alkaloids from var...

Alkaloids are the most basic, naturally occurring nitrogen-containing organic compounds frequently found in plants, animals and microbes. These are the important secondary metabolites known to have a number of therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Several studies have focused on the wide range of pharmaceutical potential of alkaloids from var...

Cancer is a type of illness that may begin in any body tissue or organ and spread to other tissues when abnormal cells multiply unchecked, invade nearby regions of the body, and/or move to other body organs. Cancer is a major problem, causing remarkable deaths in both developing and developed countries. Prevention is better than cure as cancer ther...

Globba sessilifora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic to Peninsular India. Tis study frst reports the phytochemical profle and pesticidal potential of oleoresins obtained from the aerial and rhizome parts of Globba sessilifora Sims. Te oleoresins were prepared by the cold percolation method and were analyz...

The objective of the current study was to reexamine the chemical components of the essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Skimmia anquetilia N.P. Taylor & Airy Shaw in two different seasons designated as Skimmia anquetilia rainy season essential oil (SKREO) and Skimmia anquetilia winter season essential oil (SKWEO). The GC-MS analysis of SKREO...

This study was aimed to explore the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from aerial part of Mosla dianthera along with its major isolated compound, carvone. The hydro-distilled essential oil was analysed by GC-MS and biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacte...

Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, generally known as butterfly ginger, butterfly lily, cinnamon jasmine, garland flower and ginger lily. It is a medicinal plant grown throughout India, Southeast Asian countries, China, Japan, and Brazil. Traditionally, it is used as a febrifuge, tonic, anti-rheumatic, used to treat...

The objective of this study was to assess the nematicidal, insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial potential in Ajuga parviflora Benth butanol extract (APBE). The GC-MS analysis of the extract resulted in the identification of over 32 constituents, comprising 81.7% of the total composition of which glycerol (15.8%), 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanat...

The present study describes chemical composition, phytochemicals, antifungal activities, antioxidant assays and total phenolic content of essential oil and varied polarity solvent extract from flowers of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.). Total 27 components were identified in essential oil by GC-MS with terpinen-4-ol (28.6%) and α- terpineol (12.8%) a...

Acmella uliginosa, an edible herb belonging to Asteraceae family, was collected from the Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Methanol and hexane extracts of the whole plant were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis of plant extracts identifies 22 and 35 major compounds of methanol and hexane extracts which comprises of 74.21% and 73...

Plants respond against biotic and abiotic stresses through various morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Biochemical mechanisms of self-defense against plant pathogens are widespread, extremely dynamic, and mediated by both direct and indirect defenses. Physical or morphological and bio-chemical mechanisms such as formation of diffe...

Agrochemicals, commonly referred to as crop protection chemicals or pesticides, play a key role in controlling harmful pests that are responsible for damaging crops, thereby significantly reducing the quality and yield of crops. Agrochemicals comprise insecticides that protect crops either by killing insects or by preventing their attacks; antimicr...

Nepeta hindostana, commonly known as the North Indian Catmint, is an important Indian aromatic and medicinal plant of family Lamiaceae. Its leaves are extensively used as cardiac tonic and gargle to cure sore throat in the form of extract or decoction. However, there are few reports on the chemical composition and biological activities of leaf esse...

A comparative study of volatiles, antioxidant activity, phytotoxic activity, as well as in silico molecular docking and ADMET study, was conducted for essential oils from three Vitex species, viz., V. agnus-castus, V. negundo, and V. trifolia. Essential oils (OEs) extracted by hydrodistillation were subjected to compositional analysis using GC-MS....

This study aims to quantitative, qualitative estimation of phenolics, antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity), and herbicidal properties of methanol extract of Vitex species {(Vitex negundo L. collected from Haldwani (VNH), Bhimtal (VNB) an...

The aim of present study was to evaluate chemical composition and different biological activities viz., pharmacological and antioxidant activities of essential oils. The chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry while biological activities were evaluated by standard protocols. Essential oils of H...

This research assessed the seasonal variation in the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus linearis Benth. in rainy season and winter season. The essential oil highest yield was recorded in the rainy season. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thymol was the marker component in both oils with...

Hedychium coccineum Buch. Ham. ex Sm. is a perennial rhizomatous herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The aim of the present study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities of H. coccineum rhizome essential oil (HCCRO) and H. coccineum aerial part essential oil (HCCAO). The plant material was subjected to hydro-distil...

Essential oils, also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from different parts of plants by steam distillation, dry distillation, hydro-diffusion, or other suitable mechanical methods without heating. Essential oils and their constituents have wide range of applications in the field of pharmaceutical, sanitar...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate nematicidal, herbicidal and insecticidal activity of rhizome chloroform oleoresin of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig. The GC-MS analysis led to identification of fifteen constituents comprising of 87.9% of total oleoresin composition. The major component found to be was Coronarin E (20.1%). The oleoresin...

Now-a-days pesticides become an essential part of our up-to-date life and help us to preserve agricultural fields, stored grain, flowers beds, and exterminate pests that extend harmful infectious diseases. Insecticides are chemicals used to eliminate insects that attack, destroy, or injure plants. Insecticides are beneficial to crops but also have...

Plants produce secondary metabolites for defense and based on the biosynthetic pathway, these chemical compounds are broadly divided into three categories namely nitrogen-containing compounds, phenolic compounds, and terpenes. Essential oils and other such compounds are known for their biological activities. The extraction of essential oils is...

The aim of the present study was to assess the variations in chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil of Curcuma longa rhizome local cultivars collected from four varied altitudes and habitats of Kumaun and Garhwal regions of Uttarakhand, India. The essential oil was collected from the rhizomes by hydrodistillation extraction...

Background The Himalayan region has been reported as rich accumulation of natural wealth, particularly of aromatic and medicinal plants. Indian Ajuga species (Ajuga brachystemon, Ajuga integrifolia, Ajuga macrosperma and Ajuga parviflora) belonging to Lamiaceae family have been reported from different parts of Uttarakhand. Phytochemical studies rev...