Rauno Heikkilä

• Professor
• Director of research team at University of Oulu

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Building information modelling (BIM) Mine information model (MIM) Mining information management Parametric modelling Scan-to-BIM A B S T R A C T The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction has greatly improved project delivery, collaboration, and automation. However, its application in mining...

In recent years, the concept of Digital Twins (DT) has emerged as a promising solution for real-time monitoring and proactive maintenance of complex engineering systems. This systematic review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in DT technology for road pavement. The paper aims to bridge the gap between the theo...

The assessment of soil parameters in construction holds significant importance for refining building information modeling (BIM). Our study aimed to investigate the adaptive utilization of pressure sensor data as a dynamic and computationally efficient tool for this purpose. The results reveal a significant correlation between the pressure sensor re...

Accurately determining the payload weight of trucks is important to efficient operation, which directly affects cost accounting. This study presents a method for estimating the volume of the payload in the platform of a lorry using a three-dimensional point cloud representation in almost real-time. The method is based on 3D solid-state time-of-flig...

Different Building Information Modelling (BIM) domains have been developing very fast during the last decade in all construction related industries. Mining Information Modelling (MiningBIM or in short MIM) and Tunnelling Information Modelling (TunnellingBIM or in short TIM) concepts are now under a very strong development work in Finland. MIM is a...

The scope of this study was to compare the exhaust gas emissions of an autonomous driving and a human operator excavator under real construction work conditions. The test diesel engine excavator with EPA 2012 emission regulations rules (Tier 4final/Stage IIIB) has an engine power of 44.3 kW at an engine speed of 2100 rpm. In addition, it has variou...

Real-time, three-dimensional (3D) visualisation technology can be used at construction sites to improve the quality of work. A 3D view of the landscape under work can be compared to a target 3D model of the landscape to conveniently show needed excavation tasks to a human excavator operator or to show the progress of an autonomous excavator. The pu...

Final report of the workshop series Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project Mining and extraction information modeling workshop series Workshops 1-6

Workshop 6/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Workshop 5/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Workshop 4/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Workshop 3/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Nanocelluloses and their different designs, such as films and nanopapers, have gained considerable interest in many application areas due to their unique properties. For many purposes, such as packaging and electronics, the thermal stability and optical properties of nanocellulose materials are crucial characteristics. In this study, the effects of...

Workshop 2/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Workshop 1/6, Next Generation Mining (NG Mining) project, Mining and extraction sector information modeling workshop series, Workshop report

Snow and ice covering paved surfaces cause problems for roads and other vehicles operating in cold regions. There are notable risks for road accidents and reduced performance of vehicle movements, e.g., in industrial facilities such as ports, when road markings and marked pathways are not visually observable. In this study, metallic paved surface m...

Machine control systems are advancing side by side with the adoption of 5G and growing trends of the internet of things (IoT) has made autonomous excavators more ubiquitous. The autonomous excavators have gained significant interest in the earthworks area, due to their enhanced productivity for long hours, safety, space exploration, mining and cons...

Nanocelluloses and their different designs, such as films and nanopapers, have gained considerable interest in many application areas due to their unique properties. For many purposes, such as for packaging and electronics, the thermal stability of nanocellulose materials is a crucial characteristic. In this study, the effects of heat treatment (10...

The research aimed to integrate a solid-state 2D-pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) flash Lidar profilometer and a mechanically scanning 3D Lidar in order to monitor the 4D (3D + signal intensity) environment at a construction site from an excavator. Utilizing the excavator’s GNSS and IMU sensor data enables to fuse the profilometer and 3D Lidar point clo...

A 3D model is an interesting technology used to realize the smooth flow of traffic and plays an important role in autonomous driving. This paper proposes an efficient and new approach monitoring urban transportation and traffic movements using a recently developed 2D, pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) solid-state laser profilometer. To validate the appro...

We describe a new measurement technique to determine the refractive index (RI) of solid particles by monitoring the simultaneous scattering of light from suspension with a camera and the value of the RI with a refractometer. Our immersion solid matching method is based on the solidification process of the liquid continuously changing the RI as a fu...

The aim of this research is to create a 4D point cloud map from a trench through a solid-state 2D profilometer. The profilometer is integrated with an 8.5-ton medium-size excavator's machine control system with pose calculation. Accordingly, the point cloud was transformed to a work coordinate system. We used a recently developed pulsed time-of-fli...

The concentration of fibers and fillers in the pulp suspension is an important parameter in the monitoring process. This paper proposes a versatile optical measurement system to estimate the concentration of a solids mixture in water. The geometry used in a multi-spectrophotometer (MSM) enables the controlled observation of transmission, and forwar...

This study measured the polarised light reflected from the surface of thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood using a Stokes imaging polarimeter. The data were analysed using the Mueller matrix method. The Scots pine boards were heat treated in an oven at temperatures of 160 ºC, 200 ºC and 220 ºC, with a heat treatment time of 3 h...

The article discusses the overall optimization of the tied arch bridge. The parabolic arch is hardly never the best shape of arch. The optimum height which gives the minimum volume of the load-bearing structure is solved mathematically in the article. The span length relation to arch height l/h = 2,309 gives the minimum load bearing material amount...

The characterization of the drying process of paints and coatings on the surfaces is important for many industrial applications. We present a new optical method to study the drying process of varnish based on immersion solid matching technique. The principle of the method is to match the refractive index of dry varnish with the added particles, mak...

Nanocelluloses have received significant interest due to their unique structural, mechanical, and optical properties. Nanocellulose refractive indices can be used to indicate many crucial characteristics, such as crystallinity, transparency, and purity. Thus, accurate measurement is important. This study describes a new method to determine the wave...

Automated dynamic management of road construction sites has been studied within the DigiINFRA research project in Finland. A review of currently available commercial solution, including most popular commercial softwares and systems in global markets (Topcon Sitelink3D, Trimble applications, Novatron Xsite, Leica iCONTelematics, Infrakit), is drawn....

Development of the schedule control of precast concrete supply chain has been studied. Main idea was to use BIM model created by structural engineer as a user-interface for schedule control, for saving different status information of the real-time schedule situation of the propagation of structural design, element manufacture, delivery and site ere...

In underground mines and tunnels accurate and continuous positioning of moving machines and humans has been studied extensively. Geomagnetic field based positioning is an interesting possibility for this measurement need. Using a commercial smart phone and a new calculation service provided by a Finnish company, a feasibility and accuracy assertion...

Machine control systems generate huge amounts of data to be used to build smarter. This information is still not widely used as there are no general methods to access this massive spread of data as these are strictly closed systems. Main tools in our study were an open source 3D game and simulation engine for visual 3D presentation (Panda3D), a mac...

Development of building information modelling for dredging process has been studied. In dredging area different 3-D guidance and control systems have been used already over 15 years. However, the information transfer process from early initial data acquirement phase through design and further to construction phase has suffered from information deli...

In this research, novel information integration technology and advances in the wireless communication, posi-tioning and machine control systems were combined into a general control method for improved multi-contractor infrastructure building process. More intense competition and new environmental regulations in the field of infrastructure building...

Purpose: National bridge information modeling guidelines have been developed in Finland at the behest of the Finnish Transport Agency. The aim was to set, for the first time, national standard of producing and utilizing 3D-information modeling and automation in bridge engineering in Finland. Method: In the guidelines, the terminology of different m...

A 3D calibration method was developed for a mobile laser scanning system developed in Finland. The measurement accuracy was validated using a robotic total station for reference measurements, with comparison of reference points with the triangulated surface measured by the laser scanning system. The calibration results are presented and analyzed. P...

This paper introduces and discusses the aims and first results of a large active research project in Finland. One of the aims of the project is to develop an automated total process for driven piling machine. Several tests have been made and some of the results are briefly discussed. The paper focuses mainly on the latent economic and environmental...

The paper introduces and discusses bridge engineering, design and construction R&D results in a Finnish bridge cluster consortium (5D-Bridge). Development of national bridge information modelling guideline in Finland is introduced, as well as latest developments in 3D modelling in practice. A library of frequently used bridge components was develop...

In this paper a new process integrating 5D product modelling and 3D on-site surveying for bridge construction is presented. This enables faster and less error prone surveying session preparations, fluent communication of design plans between survey teams, design office and other parties related to the construction project. A prototype system based...

The research goal has been synchronizing the process of asphalt production, asphalt transportation and pavement laying by connecting different machines together using wireless technologies. Sensors and GPS positioning units were installed to the machines for measuring process variables (e.g. mass temperature) and detecting events (e.g. loading, unl...