Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen

Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark · Department of Public Health

Objectives To assess (1) the 1-year prevalence of previous shoulder, knee and ankle injuries; (2) the in-season prevalence proportion (prevalence) of injuries and illnesses, injury incidence rate (ir) and injury burden (product of ir and weeks with injuries); (3) initial injury management strategies. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 679 high...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cumulative injury proportion after 1000 and 2000 km of running among runners from 87 countries worldwide using wearable devices. Secondly, examine if the cumulative injury proportion differed between runners from different countries. DESIGN: Cohort study with an 18-month follow-up. METHODS: Runners aged ≥18 years who were...

Background: Effective and sustainable implementation of physical activity (PA) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) health care has in general not been successful. Efficacious and contemporary approaches to support PA adherence and adoption are required. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of including an app-...

This study aimed to explore how stakeholders in athletics perceived the relevance of injury prevention, determine their communication preferences, and describe their expectations regarding injury prevention. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an exploratory online survey with high-level athletes (i.e., listed by the French ministry of sport...

Patellar and Achilles tendinopathy commonly affect runners. Developing algorithms to predict cumulative force in these structures may help prevent these injuries. Importantly, such algorithms should be fueled with data that are easily accessible while completing a running session outside a biomechanical laboratory. Therefore, the main objective of...

Context The combination of an excessive increase in running pace and volume is essential to consider when investigating associations between running and running-related injury. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to complete a secondary analysis on a dataset from a randomized trial, to investigate the interactions between relative or ab...

Misuse of statistics in medical and sports science research is common and may lead to detrimental consequences to healthcare. Many authors, editors and peer reviewers of medical papers will not have expert knowledge of statistics or may be unconvinced about the importance of applying correct statistics in medical research. Although there are guidel...

Misuse of statistics in medical and sports science research is common and may lead to detrimental consequences to healthcare. Many authors, editors and peer reviewers of medical papers will not have expert knowledge of statistics or may be unconvinced about the importance of applying correct statistics in medical research. Although there are guidel...

It is popular belief that the relationship between running footwear and running injuries is direct and causal. This idea is wrong and has been nurtured by the running shoe industry ever since the appearance of the modern running shoe. Still, the latter may well influence the relationship between training load and injury occurrence, thus acting as a...

Objective: To investigate whether the proportion of running-related knee injuries differed in normal-weight, overweight, and obese runners. Design: Comparative study. Methods: Data from 4 independent prospective studies were merged (2612 participants). The proportion of running-related knee injuries out of the total number of running-related i...

High quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best practice methods—methods matter (greatly!). The 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research me...

Background It is widely accepted that athletes sustain sports injury if they train ‘too much, too soon’. However, not all athletes are built the same; some can tolerate more training than others. It is for this reason that prescribing the same training programme to all athletes to reduce injury risk is not optimal from a coaching perspective. Rathe...

In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses—The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire...

Background In randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions that aim to prevent sports injuries, the intention-to-treat principle is a recommended analysis method and one emphasised in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement that guides quality reporting of such trials. However, an important element of injury preve...

A sudden change between any types of running shoes has been suggested to affect the running-related injury incidence rate. The purpose of this project was to investigate how the running-related injury incidence rate ratio (IIRR) modulates during a 1-year explorative prospective cohort study involving two unspecific running shoe changes. Ninety-nine...

Background: Physical activity plays an important role in public health, owing to a range of health-related benefits that it provides. Sports-related injuries are known to be an important barrier to continued physical activity. Still, the prevalence of injuries on a general population level has not yet been explored in a descriptive epidemiological...

Background: Sudden changes (increases and decreases) in training load have been suggested to play a key role in the development of running-related injuries. However, the compiled evidence for an association between change in training load and running-related injury does not exist. Purpose: The purpose of the present systematic review was to comp...

Background/purpose: High body mass index is associated with an increased risk of running-related injury among novice runners. However, the amount of running participation plays a fundamental explanatory role in regards to running-related injury development. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate if the risk of running-relat...

Background ‘How much change in training load is too much before injury is sustained, among different athletes?’ is a key question in sports medicine and sports science. To address this question the investigator/practitioner must analyse exposure variables that change over time, such as change in training load. Very few studies have included time-va...

Background Time-to-event modelling is underutilised in sports injury research. Still, sports injury researchers have been encouraged to consider time-to-event analyses as a powerful alternative to other statistical methods. Therefore, it is important to shed light on statistical approaches suitable for analysing training load related key-questions...

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to describe the incidence proportion of different types of running-related injuries (RRI) among recreational runners and to determine their time to recovery. Methods A sub-analysis of the injured runners included in the 839-person, 24-week randomized trial named Run Clever. During follow-up, the partici...

Objectives: The health benefits from participation in half-marathon is challenged by a yearly running-related injury (RRI) incidence proportion exceeding 30%. Research in injury etiology is needed to successfully prevent injuries. The body's load capacity is believed to play an essential role for injury development. Therefore, the purpose of Proje...

Background: Overweight and obese novice runners are subjected to a higher load per stride than their normal-weight peers. Do they reduce their running dose accordingly when beginning a self-chosen running regime? Objectives: To describe and compare the preferred running dose in normal-weight, overweight, and obese novice runners when they commen...

Objectives There have been recent calls for the application of the complex systems approach in sports injury research. However, beyond theoretical description and static models of complexity, little progress has been made towards formalising this approach in way that is practical to sports injury scientists and clinicians. Therefore, our objective...

Introduction Exercise addiction is characterized by the use of physical activity to cope with emotions and mood, while sports injuries can lead to psychological distress such as depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between risk of exercise addiction and psychological distress, and whether this asso...

Objective: To discuss the interpretability of non-causal associations to sports injury development exemplified via the relationship between navicular drop (ND) and running-related injury (RRI) in novice runners using neutral shoes. Design: 1-year prospective cohort study. Setting: Denmark. Participants: 926 novice runners, representing 1852...

Objectives To investigate the intra- and interrater reliability and agreement for field-based assessment of scapular control, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and shoulder isometric strength in elite youth athletes. Design Test-retest reliability and agreement study. Setting Eight blinded raters (two for each assessment) assessed players on field...

Background/aim The Run Clever trial investigated if there was a difference in injury occurrence across two running schedules, focusing on progression in volume of running intensity (Sch-I) or in total running volume (Sch-V). It was hypothesised that 15% more runners with a focus on progression in volume of running intensity would sustain an injury...

Background: Participation in half-marathon has been steeply increasing during the past decade. In line, a vast number of half-marathon running schedules has surfaced. Unfortunately, the injury incidence proportion for half-marathoners has been found to exceed 30% during 1-year follow-up. The majority of running-related injuries are suggested to de...

Introduction: There is a need for an ecological and complex systems approach for better understanding the development and prevention of running-related injury (RRI). In a previous article, we proposed a prototype model of the Australian recreational distance running system which was based on the Systems Theoretic Accident Mapping and Processes (ST...

Background: Behavioral science methods have rarely been used in running injury research. Therefore, the attitudes amongst runners and their coaches regarding factors leading to running injuries warrants formal investigation. Purpose: To investigate the attitudes of middle- and long-distance runners able to compete in national championships and t...

Weak hip abductors may be related with increased hip adduction and knee abduction angular movement, which may be risk factors of lower extremity injuries. Since the role of eccentric hip abduction strength (EHAS) on hip adduction angular movement and the knee abduction angular movement (KABD) remains unclear and the purpose of the present study was...

Objectives: Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciopathy and medial tibial stress syndrome injuries (APM-injuries) account for approximately 25% of the total number of running injuries amongst recreational runners. Reports on the association between static foot pronation and APM-injuries are contradictory. Possibly, dynamic measures of pronation may d...

Introduction: Physical activity is a cornerstone in type 2 diabetes (T2D) rehabilitation. Effective long-term and low-cost strategies to keep these patients' physically active are needed. However, maintaining physical activity behaviour is difficult once formalised interventions end. Structured exercise training supported by mobile technology and...

The etiology of running-related injury is important to consider as the effectiveness of a given running-related injury prevention intervention is dependent on whether etiologic factors are readily modifiable and consistent with a biologically plausible causal mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of the present article was to present an evidence-inform...

Background Running distance has previously been identified as a risk factor for running-related injury. It is likely that the runner’s fitness level may also influence injury risk. Objective To investigate if running level modifies the association between cumulated running distance over the previous week and injury risk. Design Prospective cohort s...

Background Training errors are considered as one of the main causes of running-related injuries, although few of them have been identified. Time-to-event analysis is a useful tool for researchers within sports injury prevention. In running, the time scale is commonly defined as kilometres or hours of practice. However, using calendar days as time s...

Background Little is known about the prevalence proportion of sports injuries in Denmark. In addition, the beliefs amongst athletes regarding injury-preventive training regimes and the association with injury risk are lacking. Objective To examine the prevalence proportion of injured athletes in a population-based sample and to describe beliefs re...

Background Knowledge of injury patterns, an integral step towards injury prevention, is lacking in youth handball. Objective To investigate if an increase in weekly handball participation is associated with increased shoulder injury rates compared with decrease or a minor increase, and if a potential association is influenced by scapular control,...

Background Knowledge of injury patterns, an essential step towards injury prevention, is lacking in youth handball. Aim To investigate if an increase in handball load is associated with increased shoulder injury rates compared with a minor increase or decrease, and if an association is influenced by scapular control, isometric shoulder strength or...

The popularity of running as a form of recreational exercise continues to increase dramatically on a local and global scale. National and international running festivals, comprising fun runs and park runs, charity events, and major annual marathons, are attracting a growing number of participants. Alongside this participation growth is the burden o...

Background Despite a rapidly growing body of research, a systematic evidence compilation of the risk and protective factors for middle- and long-distance running-related injury (RRI) is currently lacking. Objectives To compile the evidence about modifiable and non-modifiable training-related and behavioural risk and protective factors. Data s...

Background: Injury incidence and prevalence in running populations have been investigated and documented in several studies. However, knowledge about injury etiology and prevention is needed. Training errors in running are modifiable risk factors and people engaged in recreational running need evidence-based running schedules to minimize the risk...

Synopsis: The etiological mechanism underpinning any sports-related injury is complex and multifactorial. Frequently, athletes perceive "excessive training" as the principal factor in their injury, an observation that is biologically plausible yet somewhat ambiguous. If the applied training load is suddenly increased, this may increase the risk fo...

Background: Disc golf is rapidly increasing in popularity and more than two million people are estimated to regularly participate in disc golf activities. Despite this popularity, the epidemiology of injuries in disc golf remains under reported. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and anatomic distribution...

Introduction: Current pharmacological therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are challenged by lack of sustainability and borderline firm evidence of real long-term health benefits. Accordingly, lifestyle intervention remains the corner stone in the management of T2D. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the optimal interventi...

It is unclear whether there is a difference between subjective evaluation and objective Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measurement of running distance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if such difference exists. A total of 100 participants (51% males, median age 41.5, body mass 78.1 kilogram ± 13.8 standard deviation) completed...

There are positive health effects of exercise performed at regular intervals also in high volume exercisers. However, at present there is no exact definition of the optimal dose or the maximal safe dose of exercise, nor can the level of exercise to induce increased risk of harmful effects be defined. People who often exercise with a high volume and...

No systematic review has identified the incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners. The purpose of the present review was to systematically search the literature for the incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners, and to include the data in meta-analyses....

Study design: Biomechanical cross-sectional study. Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that the cumulative load at the knee during running increases as running speed decreases. Background: The knee joint load per stride decreases as running speed decreases. However, by decreasing running speed, the number of strides per given distance is...

In clinical practice, joint kinematics during running are primarily quantified by two-dimensional (2D) video recordings and motion-analysis software. The applicability of this approach depends on the clinicians' ability to quantify kinematics in a reliable manner. The reliability of quantifying knee- and hip angles at foot strike is uninvestigated....

To explore how average weekly running distance, combined with changes in diet habits and reason to take up running, influence fat mass. Fat mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance at baseline and after 12 months among 538 novice runners included in a 1--year observational prospective follow--up study. During follow--up, running distance for ea...

Study design: Observational prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between eccentric hip abduction strength and the development of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in novice runners during a self-structured running regime. Background: Recent research indicates that gluteal muscle weakness exists in...

Background Knowledge regarding knee and ankle joint load across a range of running speeds is important, if running related injuries are to be prevented. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that peak plantar flexion moment increases relatively more than peak knee extension moment when running speed is increased. Methods Kine...

Study design: An explorative, 1-year prospective cohort study. Objective To examine whether an association between a sudden change in weekly running distance and running-related injury varies according to injury type. Background: It is widely accepted that a sudden increase in running distance is strongly related to injury in runners. But the sc...

Objectives To investigate the association between training-related characteristics and running-related injuries (RRI) using a new conceptual model for RRI generation, focusing on the synergy between training load and previous injuries, short-term running experience or body mass index (BMI, > or <25 kg/m2). Design Prospective cohort study with a 9-...

Objectives: Describe the diagnoses and the time to recovery of running-related injuries in novice runners. Design: Prospective cohort study on injured runners. Method: This paper is a secondary data analysis of a 933-person cohort study (DANO-RUN) aimed at characterizing risk factors for injury in novice runners. Among those sustaining running...

Background: Training guidelines for novice runners are needed to reduce the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the risk of injury varied in obese and non-obese individuals initiating a running program at different weekly distances. Methods: A volunteer sample of 749 of 1532 eligible healthy novice runners was in...

Webpages, blogs and various magazines continuously publish "Start to Run" training programs with the purpose of guiding novice runners towards increased running performance and minimizing the risk of sustaining a running-related injury. However, to prescribe correct training guidelines, an understanding of the different training variables' effect o...

Low eccentric strength of the hip abductors, might increase the risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome and iliotibial band syndrome in runners. No normative values for maximal eccentric hip abduction strength have been established. Therefore the purpose of this study was to establish normative values of maximal eccentric hip abduction strength in nov...

There is a paucity of knowledge on the association between different foot posture quantified by Foot Posture Index (