Ramy Mawad

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Al-Azhar University

We have studied the effect of both solar magnetic polarity and the solar wind velocity on the Bz-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, IMFBz, for the minimum activity of the solar cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24. We made a statistical study of IMFBz in the first section which is considered as an extension of Lyatsky et al. (2003). They made a st...

We present a statistical study of post-flare-associated CMEs (PFA-CMEs) during the period from 1996 to 2010. By investigating all CMEs and X-ray flares, respectively, in the LASCO and GOES archives, we found 15875 CMEs of which masses are well measured and 25112 X-ray flares of which positions are determined from their optical counterparts. Under c...

In this study, we are investigating the solar flare events during each Carrington rotation in the period 2002–2017. We studied the relationship between solar flare event location and solar cycle progress (phases). The solar flare events are tending to accumulate around a specific latitude line in the southern and northern hemispheres of the solar d...

Sea level rising and oscillations indicates global Earth's mass variability. I propose inflow of mass to the earth from space through coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar-wind, small-comets and meteoroids that brings water to earth's atmosphere. Outflow mass can also escape plasma into space. Sea level rising is highly correlated with earth's orbit...

An equation has been derived through which the height of the diurnal atmospheric layer (lower atmosphere) can be calculated using ground base twilight image analysis. This equation relies on the angular altitude of the twilight with the dip at that moment. Based on the images, it was found that true twilight of dawn occurs at a dip of 14.90° ± 0.17...

The angular distance of the solar flares to the projective point of the center of the solar disk on the solar spherical surface has been studied by the heliographical or helioprojective coordinates, during the periods 1975–2021 for GOES events and 2002–2021 for RHESSI events, hereafter “distance.” It gives a specific distribution curvature. It has...

This paper studies pandemic viruses that spread during the period (1759–2020) according to solar activity cycles. Our findings and results include the following: (1) The severity of a pandemic correlates negatively with the strength of solar activity; (2) Pandemic viruses are classified into three types based on their compatibility with solar activ...

We studied 2204 sympathetic flares detected by the GOES during 1975–2017. Sympathetic flares have nearby, or homogeneous, GOES classes. The secondary solar flare is just a mirror image of the primary solar flare of the sympathetic flare. It has two types: 1) Twins: This type represents most of them (∼78.6%). 2) Non-twins: It is an associated hetero...

The angular distance of the solar flares from their position to the projection point of the center of the Sun on the solar disk has been studied during the periods 1975${-}$2021 for GOES events and 2002${-}$2021 for RHESSI events. This distribution by the number of events of flare importance gives a specific curvature shape, that remains the same w...

We have studied the variation of the time profile of X-ray emission of solar flares that occurred during the second half of solar cycle 23 (SC 23) and for about the full solar cycle 24 (SC 24) (2002-2018). We define a new index, called the "ratio index" (Rf), for all X-ray solar flares. This index is defined as the ratio of the flare's rising time...

This paper studies pandemic viruses that spread during the period (1759–2020) according to solar activity cycles. Our findings and results include the following: (1) The severity of a pandemic correlates negatively with the strength of solar activity; (2) Pandemic viruses are classified into three types based on their compatibility with solar activ...

The correlation between simultaneous observations of the atmospheric weather and geomagnetic field has been studied during the period 1999–2021. We found that there is a strong correlation between atmospheric weather and the geomagnetic field. This correlation is lower at the Earth’s surface, due to the strong influence of the source of the magneti...

The Sun is a huge gaseous body. However, we cannot observe events in the inner Sun due to the convection zone opacity according to previous models. Therefore, the flares originate from the front surface of the Sun. But the current study relied on the distance distribution of X-Ray solar flares, which concluded that the inner layers have much lower...

Although the Sun is a huge gaseous body, the solar inner layers are not visible, with the opacity of the convection zone. Moreover, the surface events are related to or extended from the solar interior layers according to the previous study such as [12]. Is it possible that the location of the surface events are related to the inner layers? The aim...

In this paper, we study pandemic viruses that spread during the period (1759-2020). Our findings and results include the following: (1) the pandemic severity level has a negative correlation with the strength of solar activity; (2) pandemic viruses have three types according to their compatibility with solar activity association. Most of them sprea...

We investigated the relations between the monthly average values of the critical frequency (f0F2) and the physical properties of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs), then we examined the seasonal variation of f0F2 values as an impact of the several CMEs properties. Given that, f0F2 were detected by PRJ18 (Puerto Rico) ionosonde station during the per...

This study is dedicated to the investigation of the characteristics of CMEs following the associated X-ray and γ-ray burst solar flares. Investigated 14786 CME events and 5092 Gamma Burst Monitor (GBM) solar flare events recorded during the solar period 2008–2017, found 503 (about 10%) CME events associated with GBM post-flare events (hereafter, GB...

Data for: Association of CMEs and solar flares detected by Fermi γ-ray burst monitor

Botrytis spp. and Sclerotinia spp. are related necrotrophic fungi with broad host ranges. The close relationship between them was studied using a spectral-based mathematical approach based on the spectral signals reflected from their cultural growth. A range of seven values corresponding to each spectral measurement was calculated using a polynomia...

In this study, investigated 14,786 coronal mass ejection (CME) events and 5092 Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) solar flare events (called γ-ray burst solar flare) recorded during 2008-2017, by using temporal and spatial conditions criteria, we found 845 (about 16%) CME events associated with γ-ray burst solar flare events only (hereafter, CME-γ-prefl...

Sea level rising and oscillations indicate global Earth's mass variability. Mawad (2017) proposed mass inflow to the Earth from space through coronal mass ejections, solar wind, small comets, and meteoroids which brings water to Earth's atmosphere. Mass outflow also occurs and plasma escapes into space. Sea level rising is highly correlated to Eart...

Prolonged reduced state of solar activity and hence solar irradiance will lead to the earth entering an epoch of ice age in Europe and America and rainy epoch in the Africa Sahara that will extent to Arabia. What we are seeing now is a transition period which will eventually rapidly develop into such state with recurrence of ice age indicates rapid...

The purpose of the present research is to study the latitudinal distribution and its asymmetry of solar flares during the period 2002 – 2017 and make a comparison between the studied data from two different satellites (GOES and RHESSI). We tried to benefit from available advantages of GOES and RHESSI satellites, where GOES satellite is providing cl...

We investigated the relationship of associated CME-Preflare during the solar period 1996–2010. We found 292 CME-Preflare associated events (∼2%). Those associated events have 0–1 h interval time, popular events occur within half an hour before flare starting time. Post-flares–CME associated events are wider than CME-Preflare associated events. CME-...

Severe solar events manifested as highly energetic X-Ray events accompanied by coronal mass ejections ( CMEs) and proton flares caused flash floods in Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah and Jeddah. In the case of the 20 January 2005 CME that initiated severe flash on the 22 of January. it is shown that the CME lowered the pressure in the...

We have estimated the arrival time of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) shocks during solar cycle 23 (the period from 1996 to 2007) using the artificial neural network. Under our model, we could match 97% of the listed coronal mass ejection CME-ICME events selected by [Cane and Richardson (2010)] using the initial velocities of the ICME e...

We studied the association between the filament disappearances and solar flares during 1996–2010; we listed 639 associated filament disappearances with solar flares under temporal and spatial condition, those particular 639 filament disappearance were associated with 1676 solar flares during the period 1996–2010. The best angular distance between f...

We have studied the relationship between filament disappearances with CMEs during solar period 1996–2010. We used the observed disappearing filaments in Ha data from Meudon given in NOAA, and coronal mass ejections data (CMEs) from SOHO/LASCO. We obtained 278 CME events (14%) contemporary filament disappearances and CME ejections (from a total of 2...

Determination of the Arrival time of ICME Shock to Earth's Magnetosphere

Estimation of Energy Equation Correlate of CMEs with associated X-Ray Flares during solar Cycle 23rd

During the studied period 1996-2007 I noticed that, the rising and oscillations of the sea level, global temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, ice mass of Antarctica, and melting of Greenland ice are highly correlated with Earth's orbital perturbations. Monthly variations of those parameters have two periodicities. Stronger one called “long-pe...

We have studied the impact of CMEs on the ionospheric critical frequency foF2 during the period 1996-2013. We have correlated the monthly maximum values of foF2 with monthly averages of CME’s energy, mass and speed; we found that the correlation coefficient R is 74%, 52% and 65% respectively. This indicates that the energetic, massive and fast CMEs...

Severe solar events manifested as highly energetic X-Ray events accompanied by coronal mass ejections ( CMEs) and proton flares caused flash floods in Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah and Jeddah. In the case of the 20 January 2005 CME that initiated severe flash on the 22nd of January,[ it is shown that the CME lowered the pressure in t...

The size of the Magnetosphere is calculated during the period 1996-2011. It is discovered that the magnetopause distance D is quantized for D ≥ 8 RE. The magnetic levels are narrow towards the Earth but widely spaced outwards. This quantization disappears in the lower magnetosphere below 7 RE. Once the magnetopause is compressed to 8-7 RE, multi do...

The association listing of Coronal Mass Ejection-Storm Sudden Commencement (CME-SSC) events is the aim of this research. Certain criteria have been put to select the CME-SSC pair events automatically. The travel time of the CME shock could be estimated from an empirical equation that depends on spatial, temporal, CME angular width and projection ef...

The size of the Magnetosphere is calculated during the period 1996-2011. It is discovered that the magnetopause distance D is quantized for D ≥ 8 R E. The magnetic levels are narrow towards the Earth but widely spaced outwards. This quantization disappears in the lower magnetosphere below 7 R E. Once the magnetopause is compressed to 8-7 R E , mult...

The association listing of Coronal Mass Ejection-Storm Sudden Commencement (CME-SSC) events is the aim of this research. Certain criteria have been put to select the CME-SSC pair events automatically. The travel time of the CME shock could be estimated from an empirical equation that depends on spatial, temporal, CME angular width and projection ef...

The association listing of CME-SSC events is the aim of our research, our study is depended on the CME data obtained from SOHO/LASCO CME Catalog (15877 events) and SSC (381 events) from NOAA, during the period 1996-2010. Previous studies created lists manually according to some criteria and conditions. We presented such a condition to select the CM...

The perturbation of the Earth caused by variability of mass of Earth as additional reason with gravity of celestial bodies and shape of the Earth. The Earth eating and collecting matters from space and loss or eject matters to space through its flying in the space around the Sun. The source of the rising in the global sea level is not closed in glo...

خُلِقت البشرية في رحلة بين حياة وممات، خلقت أمم وأبيدت أمم، ورفعت دول، وانحطت دول، وسادت سنة الله في الكون، ولا فترات بين حياة البشرية منقطعة، فرغم الحياة والممات فلا فوت. خلق الله الكون على هذا النحو بين حياة وممات، لا فراغات في أنحاء السماء، فأغنياء السماء وما يملكونه من مادة يسهبوا به إلى فقراْ المادة في الفضاء، وسنة الله قائمة وإن جحد به سكان ا...

The association listing of Coronal Mass Ejection-Storm Sudden Commencement (CME-SSC) events is the aim of this research. Certain criteria have been put to select the CME-SSC pair events automatically. The travel time of the CME shock could be estimated from an empirical equation that depends on spatial, temporal, CME angular width and projection ef...

The size of the Magnetosphere is calculated during the period 1996-2011. It is discovered that the magnetopause distance D is quantized for D ≥ 8 RE. The magnetic levels are narrow towards the Earth but widely spaced outwards. This quantization disappears in the lower magnetosphere below 7 RE. Once the magnetopause is compressed to 8-7 RE, multi do...

We have studied the effect of both the solar magneic polaity and the solar wind velociy on the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field.We found that there is a dependance of IMFBz on the IMFBx and the solar magneic polariy .In addition we found that there is a depndance of IMFBz on the solar wind velociy.

The relation between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares are statistically studied. More than 10,000 CME events observed by SOHO/LASCO during the period 1996–2005 have been analyzed. The soft X-ray flux measurements provided by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), recorded more than 20,000 flares in the same time...

. The Solar Radio Flux on 10.7cm was observed since more than 60 years ago till today at Ottawa, Canada. The daily value of 10.7cm solar flux showed a very good correlation with solar activity than the sunspot number Rz. The space weather is affected by the electromagnetic radiation come from the solar corona (X-ray and gamma-rays). Also, it is aff...

. We are estimated the arrival time of ICME shock to the Earth's magnetosphere during the solar cycle 23rd , for the period 1996-2005, by using certain temporal and spatial conditions. We selected the Data of the SSC events from Preliminary Reports of the ISGI (Institut de Physique du Globe, France). While the associated CMES during the same period...

. The aim of this paper is estimating the energy equation of CMEs with associated X-ray flares. In addition, we studied, when and where X-ray flares can eject CMEs? We are used CMEs data which observed from SOHO/LASCO, during the full solar cycle 23rd (1996- 2006), we have 12433 events. Also we are used the X-Ray flares data observed by Geostationa...

. We are estimated the arrival time of ICME shock to the Earth's magnetosphere during the solar cycle 23rd , for the period 1996-2005, by using certain temporal and spatial conditions. We selected the Data of the SSC events from Preliminary Reports of the ISGI (Institut de Physique du Globe, France). While the associated CMES during the same period...

. The Solar Radio Flux on 10.7cm was observed since more than 60 years ago till today at Ottawa, Canada. The daily value of 10.7cm solar flux showed a very good correlation with solar activity than the sunspot number Rz. The space weather is affected by the electromagnetic radiation come from the solar corona (X-ray and gamma-rays). Also, it is aff...

The relation between the Coronal mass Ejection CME and the solar flare is statistically studied More than ten thousand CME events observed by SOHO LASCO during the period 1996-2005 have been analyzed The soft x-ray flux measurements provided by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GEOS recorded more than twenty thousand flares in t...