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September 2017 - present
April 2004 - September 2009
Education
April 2004 - September 2009
September 1998 - September 2003
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Publications (203)
The present paper serves as an accompanying document to the two keynote lectures of the present authors at the 4th International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (4th ICJWSF) held at Nagoya, Aichi, Japan from September 17th to 21st, 2013. Namely “Turbulent boundary layers in pipes and on plates: Tripping, suction, structures, and press...
The present review paper is an account on the experimental determination of the wall position relative to the probe in wall-bounded turbulent flow studies. A thorough review on common measurement techniques as well as correction methods reveals, that there are a number of pitfalls, that—when not accounted for—can lead to wrong conclusions about the...
Statistics obtained from seven different direct numerical simulations (DNSs) pertaining to a canonical turbulent boundary layer (TBL) under zero pressure gradient are compiled and compared. The considered data sets include a recent DNS of a TBL with the extended range of Reynolds numbers Reθ = 500–4300. Although all the simulations relate to the sa...
Thermal anemometry sensors for time-resolved velocity measurements average the measured signal over the length of their sensor, thereby attenuating fluctuations stemming from scales smaller than the wire length. Several compensation methods have emerged for wall turbulence, the most prominent ones relying on the small-scale universality in canonica...
The effect of a finite length of hot-wire probe sensor length on the measured streamwise velocity fluctuations is well understood in canonical wall-bounded flow, where the small-scale energy has been found to be universal and invariant with Reynolds number. A straightforward application of that assumption to non-canonical flows such as strong adver...
The present study investigates the modal stability of the steady incompressible flow inside a toroidal pipe for values of the curvature $\delta$ (ratio between pipe and torus radii) approaching zero, i.e. the limit of a straight pipe. The global neutral stability curve for $10^{-7} \leq \delta \leq ~10^{-2}$ is traced using a continuation algorithm...
Thermal anemometry sensors for time-resolved velocity measurements average the measured signal over the length of their sensor, thereby attenuating fluctuations stemming from scales smaller than the wire length. Several compensation methods have emerged for wall turbulence, the most prominent ones relying on the small-scale universality in canonica...
The Reynolds number dependent flow resistance of heterogeneous rough surfaces is largely unknown at present. The present work provides novel reference data for spanwise-alternating sandpaper strips as one idealised case of a heterogeneous rough surface. Experimental data are presented and analysed in direct comparison with drag measurements of homo...
Wall-bounded turbulent flows as those occurring in transportation (e.g. aviation) or industrial applications (e.g turbomachinery), are usually subjected to pressure gradients (PGs). The presence of such PGs affects greatly the development and physics of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL), making it an open research area. An important phenomena asso...
Direct numerical simulations of the fully developed turbulent flow through helical pipes are performed. The numerical procedure is described, and a validation of the volume force driving the flow is presented. A comparison of the turbulence statistics against literature data is also reported.
Spatially and temporally resolved velocity measurements in wall-bounded turbulent flows remain a challenge. Contrary to classical laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements, the laser Doppler velocity profile sensor (LDV-PS) allows the combined measurement of tracer particle position and velocity, which makes it a promising tool. To assess its fe...
For the development of flow control techniques in wall-bounded turbulent flows, precise measurements of the flow in the proximity of the wall are essential. A laser Doppler velocity profile-sensor (LDV-PS) allows the combined measurement of tracer particle positions and velocities, which makes it a promising tool for flow measurements with high spa...
The presence of very-large-scale motions in wall-bounded turbulent flows is commonly associated with their footprint in the form of the superposition of the large scales at the wall and the additional amplitude modulation of small-scale near-wall turbulence. These two phenomena are currently understood to be interlinked, with the superposed large-s...
Measurement of oil and gas two-phase flow with variable flow regimes is to a large extent relies on flow patterns and their transitions. Using multiphase flowmeters in flows with high gas volume fractions usually associated with uncertainty. This work presents a dynamic neural network method to measure the flow rate using a nonlinear autoregressive...
Flush-mounted cavity hot-wire probes have emerged as an alternative to classical hot-wire probes mounted several diameters above the surface for wall-shear stress measurements. They aim at increasing the frequency response and accuracy by circumventing the well-known issue of heat transfer to the substrate that hot-wire and hot-film probes possess....
Wake analysis plays a significant role in wind-farm planning through the evaluation of losses and energy yield. Wind-tunnel tests for wake studies have high costs and are time-consuming. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) emerges as an efficient alternative. An especially attractive approach is based on the solution of the Reynolds-avera...
Spatial and time-resolved characteristics of a single surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) actuator are experimentally and numerically investigated. The paper also focuses on the efficiency of sDBD actuators used as flow-control devices. The motivation is the need for developing a cost-effective way to optimize the balance between control pe...
The role of streamwise length scales (λx) in turbulent skin friction generation is investigated using a direct numerical simulation data set of an incompressible zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer and the spectral analysis based on the Fukagata-Iwamoto-Kasagi (FIK) identity by Fukagata et al. [K. Fukagata et al., Phys. Fluids 14, L73 (...
The exact placement of the laminar-turbulent transition has a significant effect on relevant characteristics of the boundary layer and aerodynamics , such as drag, heat transfer and flow separation on e.g. wings and turbine blades. Tripping, which fixes the transition position, has been a valuable aid to wind-tunnel testing during the past 70 years...
The question whether spatial resolution effects should be accounted for when performing hot-wire (or particle image velocimetry) measurements in turbulent wall-bounded flows over rough surfaces in the fully rough regime is addressed and answered by exploiting an existing direct numerical simulation database of open-channel flows at Reτ=500\document...
While existing engineering tools enable us to predict how homogeneous surface roughness alters drag and heat transfer of near-wall turbulent flows to a certain extent, these tools cannot be reliably applied for heterogeneous rough surfaces. Nevertheless, heterogeneous roughness is a key feature of many applications. In the present work we focus on...
Hot-wire measurements of the streamwise velocity are conducted in the large-scale pipe-flow facility CICLoPE in the friction Reynolds number range of 7800⩽Reτ<40000. Measurements are performed both with a rake of five synchronised probes arranged at different radial locations, and through a radial scan with a single wire traversing the whole pipe r...
The diagnostic plot was introduced in 2010 (Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 29: 403–406) but was used already in 2008 during a large measurement campaign as a litmus test to determine if tripped zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers fulfilled basic criteria of being canonical. It used the rms-level of streamwise velocity (urms) in the outer part...
Conditional averages are used to evaluate the effect of sweeps and ejections on amplitude modulation. This is done numerically with a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a channel flow at friction Reynolds number $Re_{\tau} = 1000$ in a minimal stream-wise unit (MSU). The amplitude-modulation map of such DNS is also compared to the one of a regula...
This study investigates cold thermal energy storage (CTES) using a helical coil heat exchanger modified with bubble injection. One of the effective methods for increasing the heat transfer rate in heat exchangers is using bubble injection. A helical coil heat exchanger is immersed inside a cylindrical water storage tank, where the helical coil is t...
Parallel sidewalls are the standard bounding walls in wind tunnels when making a wind tunnel model for free-flight condition. The consequence of confinement in wind tunnel tests, known as wall-interference, is one of the main sources of uncertainty in experimental aerodynamics, limiting the realizability of free-flight conditions. Although this has...
A computational study based on well-resolved large-eddy simulations is performed to study the skin friction modification by a large-eddy breakup device (LEBU) in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer. The LEBU was modeled using an immersed boundary method. It is observed that the presence of the device leads to the generation of wake vo...
The recent study by Gubian et al. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 074606 (2019)], based on a new wall-shear-stress sensor in a low-Reynolds-number Re turbulent channel flow, came to the surprising conclusion that the magnitude of the fluctuating wall-shear stress τw,rms+ reaches an asymptotic value of 0.44 beyond the friction Reynolds number Reτ≈600. This st...
In this article we provide an overview of widely used methods to measure the mean and fluctuating components of the wall-shear stress in wall-bounded turbulent flows. We first note that it is very important to perform direct measurements of the mean wall-shear stress, where oil-film interferometry (OFI) provides the highest accuracy with an uncerta...
A study of the backflow events in the flow through a toroidal pipe at friction Reynolds number Reτ≈ 650 is performed and compared with the results in a straight turbulent pipe flow at Reτ≈ 500. The statistics and topological properties of the backflow events are analysed and discussed. Conditionally averaged flow fields in the vicinity of the backf...
The paper presents an extension of the diagnostic-plot scaling (Alfredsson et al., Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 2012) of the turbulence-intensity profiles for the outer region of adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers (TBLs). An extended formula including the shape factor is proposed, which allows the diagnostic-plot scaling to be use...
Zero pressure-gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) at high Reynolds numbers (Re) and TBLs with adverse pressure gradients (APGs) share some similarities such as the emergence of an outer peak in the streamwise variance profile related to the enhancement of large-scale energy. Reynolds-number Re and pressure-gradient effects tend to cause...
Opposition-control of the energetic cycle of near wall streaks in wall-bounded turbulence, using numerical approaches, has shown promise for drag reduction. For practical implementation, opposition control is only realizable if there is a degree of coherence between the sensor-actuator pairs of the control system (and for practicality these sensors...
Opposition-control of the energetic cycle of near wall streaks in wall-bounded turbulence, using numerical approaches, has shown promise for drag reduction. For practical implementation, opposition control is only realizable if there is a degree of coherence between the sensor--actuator pairs of the control system (these sensors and actuators shoul...
In this Letter we show that a bifurcation cascade and fully sustained turbulence can share the phase space of a fluid flow system, resulting in the presence of competing stable attractors. We analyze the toroidal pipe flow, which undergoes subcritical transition to turbulence at low pipe curvatures (pipe-to-torus diameter ratio) and supercritical t...
Extensive combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the linear evolution of three-dimensional (3D) Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) instability modes of 3D boundary layers developing on a swept airfoil section have been carried out. The flow under consideration is the boundary layer over an airfoil at 35° sweep and an angle of attack of +1.5...
A new experimental database of adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) obtained through hot-wire anemometry and oil-film interferometry covering a momentum-loss Reynolds number 450 < Re θ < 23450 and Clauser pressure-gradient-parameter range up to β ≈ 2.4 is presented. Both increasing and approximately constant β distributi...
The present investigation aims at finding out whether there are pipe vibrations in the higher Reynolds number range at the Long Pipe Facility at the CICLoPE facility and to quantify their amplitude and frequency. Since vibrations are natural to any wind-tunnel facility, similar vibration measurements have also been performed in an established high-...
Adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) are studied using hot-wire measurements which cover a Clauser pressure-gradient-parameter range up to \(\beta \approx 2.4\). Constant and non-constant \(\beta \) distributions with the same upstream history are studied. The pre-multiplied power-spectral density is employed to study th...
The paper is devoted to the first results of an experimental quantitative study of the receptivity mechanism of a swept-wing laminar boundary layer related to scattering of 2D freestream vortices (with frequency fv) at 3D local surface vibrations (with frequency fs) resulting in an excitation of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves (having combination f...
In light of recent data from hot-wire anemometry and laser Doppler velocimetry, this article explores experimentally the momentum balance and kinetic energy production in fully developed turbulent pipe flow for shear Reynolds numbers in the range 8⋅102≤R+≤4⋅104 from two pipe facilities. It has become common practice to indirectly deduce the Reynold...
The effect of a streamwise pressure gradient on the wake developed by wall-attached square ribs in a turbulent boundary layer is investigated experimentally. Favourable-, adverse- and zero-pressure-gradient conditions (FPG, APG and ZPG, respectively) are reproduced at matched friction Reynolds number and non-dimensional rib height. Flow-field measu...
Extensive combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the linear evolution of unsteady (in general) Cross-Flow (CF) and three-dimensional (3D) Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) instability modes of 3D boundary layers developing on a swept airfoil section have been carried out. CF-instability characteristics are investigated in detail at an angl...
Many recent investigations on the scale interactions in wall-bounded turbulent flows focus on describing so-called amplitude modulation, the phenomenon that deals with the influence of large scales in the outer region on the amplitude of the small-scale fluctuations in the near-wall region. The present study revisits this phenomenon regarding two a...
In this Letter we show that a bifurcation cascade and fully sustained turbulence can share the phase space of a fluid flow system, resulting in the presence of competing stable attractors. We analyse the toroidal pipe flow, which undergoes subcritical transition to turbulence at low pipe curvatures and supercritical transition at high curvatures, a...
Very-large-scale structures in pipe flows are characterized using an extended Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based estimation. Synchronized non-time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and time-resolved, multi-point hot-wire measurements are integrated for the estimation of turbulent structures in a pipe flow at friction Reynolds numbe...
This work is concerned with the investigation of the instability and transition to turbulence of the viscous, incompressible flow inside curved pipes. For the first time, the impact of the curvature is analysed over the whole parameter space, presenting new results for both the steady flow and the instabilities encountered by this flow.
This volume collects the edited and reviewed contributions presented in the 8th iTi Conference on Turbulence, held in Bertinoro, Italy, in September 2018. In keeping with the spirit of the conference, the book was produced afterwards, so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the event.
The respe...
The present study revisits the amplitude modulation phenomenon, specifically for the robustness in its quantification. To achieve this, a well-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) data set at Re_theta= 8200 is used. First, the fluctuating streamwise velocity signal is decomposed into its small- and large-scale components using both Fourier filters...
Turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradients are studied using well-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) with the goal of assessing the influence of the streamwise pressure development. Near-equilibrium boundary layers were identified with the Clauser parameter $\beta$. The pressure gradient is imposed by prescribing the free-stream...
In this work the modal decomposition of convective heat transfer distributions in turbulent flows is explored. The organization and thermal footprint of the turbulent flow features generated downstream of wall-proximity two-dimensional square ribs immersed in a turbulent boundary layer are investigated experimentally. This study employs modal decom...
The paper is based on results obtained within an international project ‘RECEPT’ of the European Framework Program FP7. The experiments were carried out in a three-dimensional boundary layer developing on an experimental model of a long-laminar-run swept airfoil (sweep angle of 35°). The model was mounted in a test section of the low-turbulence wind...
There are several kinds of velocity disturbances, which may affect the transition to turbulence in a swept wing boundary layer. Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves are among most important of them. The properties of TS waves and their potential competition with cross-flow waves on a swept wing are poorly studied in theoretical works and were not studie...
An experimental study of two efficient receptivity mechanisms of excitation of cross-flow (CF) instability modes is carried out in a boundary layer of a real airfoil section of a swept wing due to: (i) action of localized surface vibrations, and (ii) scattering of 2D freestream vortices on them. It is found that the two mechanisms lead to rather ef...
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been performed for a spatially developing 90° bend pipe flow to investigate the unsteady flow motions downstream of the bend. A recycling method is implemented to generate a fully-developed turbulent inflow condition. The Reynolds number of the pipe flow is ReD=5300 and the bend curvature is γ=0.4. A long strai...
Control of a turbulent boundary layer separating on a half-cylinder mounted on a flat plate has been investigated using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator placed along the apex of a cylinder. The main focus of the study has been to evaluate if the control ability of the actuator can be improved through pulsed actuation compared to...
The present study revisits the amplitude modulation phenomenon, specifically for the robustness in its quantification. To achieve this, a well-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) data set at Re θ ≈ 8200 is used. First, the fluctuating streamwise velocity signal is decomposed into its small-and large-scale components using both Fourier filters and...
In the study of zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layers (TBLs), small-scale universality of the inner-scaled streamwise velocity fluctuations is a re-occurring feature and serves as the underlying assumption in e.g. spatial-resolution correction schemes for hot-wire anemometry measurements as well as prediction schemes for turbulence...
An experimental study of the effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma actuators on the flow separation on the A-pillar of a modern truck under cross-wind conditions has been carried out. The experiments were done in a wind tunnel with a 1:6 scale model of a tractor-trailer combination. The actuators were used as vortex generators positioned on...
In the beginning of the 1980’s Large Eddy BreakUp (LEBU) devices, thin plates or airfoils mounted in the outer part of turbulent boundary layers, were shown to be able to change the turbulent structure and intermittency as well as reduce turbulent skin friction. In some wind-tunnel studies it was also claimed that a net drag reduction was obtained,...
A study of the back flow events and critical points in the flow through a toroidal pipe at friction Reynolds number Re τ ≈ 650 is performed and compared with the results in a turbulent channel flow at Re τ ≈ 934. The statistics and topological properties of the back flow events are analysed and discussed. Conditionally-averaged flow fields in the v...
Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators are arranged to produce counter-rotating streamwise vortices to control flow separation on a cylindrical bump on a flat plate that is approached by a turbulent boundary layer. The control was tested for different free-stream velocities and actuation driving voltages. The recirculation area downstream of...
Results of the EU project RECEPT are presented. The experiments in a three-dimensional swept-wing boundary layer were carried out in the low-turbulence wind tunnel MTL at KTH Stockholm. The cross-flow instability modes (CF) were the most amplified ones, while the Tollmien-Schlichting instability modes were suppressed by a favorable pressure gradien...
The paper is devoted to some results of a EC project RECEPT (FP7). The experiments were carried out in a three-dimensional boundary layer developing on an experimental model of a long-laminar-run airfoil (sweep angle of 35°, chord of 0.8 m). The model was mounted in a test section of a low-turbulence wind tunnel MTL (KTH, Stockholm) at an angle of...
The goal of this study is to present a first step towards establishing criteria aimed at assessing whether a particular adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layer (TBL) can be considered well-behaved, i.e., whether it is independent of the inflow conditions and is exempt of numerical or experimental artifacts. To this end, we analyzed...
This manuscripts presents a study on adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers under different Reynolds-number and pressure-gradient conditions. In this work we performed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements supplemented with Large-Eddy Simulations in order to have a dataset covering a range of displacement-thickness-based Reynol...
The effects of implementing a large-eddy break-up device (LEBU) in a turbulent boundary layer on the interaction with the boundary layer is investigated with particular emphasis on the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). The simulation data is taken from a recent well-resolved large eddy simulation (Chin et al. Flow Turb. Combust. 98, 445–460...