Ramesh Singh

• B.Eng.(Hons) Mech Eng. (UK), PhD. (UK)
• Head of Faculty at University of Malaya

The influence of microwave sintering on the densification, mechanical performances, microstructure evolution and hydrothermal ageing behaviour of pure 3 mol % yttria‐stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y‐TZP) ceramics was compared with conventional sintered samples. Green bodies were sintered via conventional pressure‐less and microwav...

A significant disadvantage of wind power systems (WPS) on electricity production is certainly their relatively high capital cost. However, a WPS may have lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE) than a fossil fuel source depending on site location and design of the power plant. LCOE from WPS depends on its capacity factor, which depends on the design...

Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic has been used for clinical applications due mainly to its chemical similarity with human bones. However a major drawback with HA synthesized by using commercial sources is the absences of ions such as zinc which is normally found in natural bone. In this work, comparison between the characteristics of zinc HA powders...

Friction welding is a solid-state process where two similar or dissimilar materials are joined due to mechanical friction and lateral force. Friction welding such as friction force, friction duration, and upset force play significant role differently for different materials and eventually determine the weld strength. Finding optimal parameters is o...

Due to the excellent properties of AISI 316, the demand for creating a product built with this material is also growing, such as in the oil and gas sector for floating oil rigs and refinery piping. Conventionally, milling AISI 316 utilizes cutting fluids to reduce high-temperature generation linked to higher cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of c...

The effect of zirconia concentrations on the properties of alumina–zirconia composites prepared by slip-casting method was studied. Varying amounts of yttria-tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ranging up to 90 vol.% were added in alumina and sintered at 1450 °C. The sintered composites were then characterised in terms of bulk density, microstructure, Vick...

Grinding of any metallic materials are usually done under flood cooling using cutting fluid. However, excessive use of cutting fluid is not environmentally friendly. Researchers in the field are always looking for efficient as well as environmentally friendly grinding process for sustainable development. Minimum quantity lubrication with nanofluid...

Over the years reinforced polymer composites are extensively used in aircraft, automobile and structural industries owing to their high specific modulus and strength. However, the main issue is the method used to quantify the abrasive wear which often does not represent the true nature of the composite behaviour. This study presents optimization of...

Environmental degradation, climate change, and pollution are the three major environmental issues. The high cost of traditional building materials is a major element determining the price of residential houses in Malaysia. One of the best strategies to achieve environmental sustainability in building construction is to use waste materials, particul...

In this work, the hydrothermal ageing behavior of alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) was studied. The accelerated ageing test was conducted by exposing the sintered samples under autoclave environment consisting of steam operating at 180℃/10 bar pressure, for exposure times up to 100 h. Samples sintered at 1250°C and 1500°C were prepared for this pur...

Hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from chicken bones was successfully synthesized by calcination and compared with biomimetic HA prepared via chemical precipitation, using pectin-mediated synthesis process. Pectin was extracted from orange peels via microwave irradiation and integrated into chicken bone-HA with the assistance of ultrasonication and ball...

The number of stroke cases has contributed to the increasing research and development of exoskeletons to act as walking assistance for paraplegic patients. Exoskeletons currently available in the market are costly and unattainable to many patients. In this study, a low-cost lower limb exoskeleton weighing 20 kg was designed for better accessibility...

The use of Nano-fluids for improving heat transfer performance has received great attention in recent years. This study is aimed at improving the performance of Car radiator using three different nano-fluids namely urea – liquid (1280 kg/m³ 2375 J/kg.K, 0.5 W/(m.K) and 0.0023 kg/(m.s), Ethylene-glycol (1111.4 kg/m³, 2415 J/kg.K, 0.252 W/(m.K) and 0...

In this research, the effect of doping alumina with 1 wt% of manganese oxide (Mn), 1 wt% titania (Ti) and the combine doping (Ti+Mn) were studied. The sintering behaviour of these samples were compared to the undoped alumina. All samples were sintered in air atmosphere between 1250 to 1600°C. Sintered samples were characterized to determine the pha...

Digital twin is one of the approaches to transform classical and traditional manufacturing to smart manufacturing and Industry Revolution 4.0, which received much attention in the manufacturing domain. Digital twin in manufacturing offers many advantages and solutions include close-loop feedback system, continuous real-time monitoring, or data acqu...

Recently, Zn and its alloys have been investigated due to its lower degradation rate than that of Mg-based alloys. However, it as-cast grainsize and microstructure homogeneity still required further enhancement. This research works aims to improve these properties on eutectic Zn-3Mg alloy via equal channels angular pressing (ECAP). Cast Zn-3Mg samp...

Scandia stabilised zirconia (ScSZ) ceramics are promising materials for use as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for cleaner energy conversion and storage owing to their high ionic conductivity at high temperatures (∼850°C). However, its ionic conductivity drops when it operates at intermediate temperatures (500 -700°C) where its crysta...

Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) was bone composition as it contains 3-8wt.% carbonate. It has significantly higher osteoconductivity compared to other calcium phosphates-bioceramics and replaces to bone similar to autograft. However there is challenge to prepare CHAp due to carbonate loss during heat-treatment or sintering which is always used to...

Pipes are used for transporting fluids in the petrochemical, oil and gas industries. A planar flaw or crack may present in a pipe due to materials flaws, manufacturing defects and improper handling. During service, an existing crack will grow and eventually reached a critical size thus leading to catastrophic failure. The stress intensity factors (...

In this work, the design and optimisation of an upright assembly for a passenger vehicle were investigated by performing static analysis. Upright assembly is a critical mounting part of a suspension system because it connects all suspension, steering and braking components together to the chassis. Reduction in weight of this component translates to...

Heat treatment process affects material structure and grain size. Most carbon alloy steels can be heat treated to improve their mechanical properties which fundamentally changes the microstructure. Electrodeposition is a method used to obtain homogenous coating to enhance metal surface properties and increase its corrosion resistance. The objective...

Magnesium and Titanium alloys were welded by laser-welding brazing technique with Magnesium filler. Uniform and continuous joints were observed over wide range of processing window. A thin layer of Al-Ti IMC layer identified as Ti3Al was observed along the brazed interface. Under optimum joining condition, a maximum tensile shear load of about 1500...

The study presents the improvement design of a post that used for traffic safety barrier. The aim of this investigation is to conceptualise and design a rooted guard rail post. It is then comparatively analyse and investigated over the existing posts based on their standard parameters. The selected design was tested by finite element analysis simul...

Eggshells are a rich source of calcium and can be easily converted into biogenic hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. This research aims to to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA-Es) and 5 mol% zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (5ZnHA-Es) dense bioceramic using initial powders synthesized from waste eggshells. The as-prepared powders were presureless...

Resistance spot welding (RSW) was employed to join AA5754 Al alloy and 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS), 1.5mm-thick each. The microstructure and interface characteristics were characterized using optical microscopy (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The lap-shear performance and fracture mechanism were characterized...

The present work investigated the sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of 0.2 % copper oxide (CuO) doped 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) via microwave sintering. The microwave (MWV) sintered samples were heated at temperatures varying from 1100 to 1400 °C, with a heating rate of 30 °C/min for 5 minutes. These samples...

Fibres are effective reinforcements in toughening and strengthening of polymeric materials. In this paper, the influence of different fibres of 25% wt. glass, 25% wt. carbon and 40% wt. bronze at constant frequency on storage modulus, loss modulus, tan δ as well as glass transition temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its composites ha...

Research generally refers to a search for knowledge. It is a quest seeking the truth, moving from known to unknowns and discovers new or novel facts. Research is a common thing in our daily life. We do many kinds of research in our daily life to understand a certain fact or to help in decision makings. This write-up is the peel of research for a so...

The effect of pressureless sintering on the mechanical and microstructure properties of 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic (Y-TZP) was evaluated. The conventional sintering was conducted at temperatures between 1250 to 1600 °C for a period of 2 hours, with a heating and cooling rate of 10°C per min. Characterization of sintered Y...

Brazing of metallic material using microwave energy has been the recent research focus in the microwave-material processing area. A microwave susceptor material of graphite was placed together for hybrid heating to improve processing efficiencies. The function of the graphite susceptor was to initiate the coupling of microwave radiation to the heat...

A reinforced learning experience (Lx) framework (through a) developed, executed, and evaluated against pre-COVID19 and COVID19 operational semesters. This framework is designed through the unlearning approach of the inhouse design thinking tool and lateral executive of curricular delivery, assessments, and evaluations.

Composite is the most sought material in aerospace field due to its versatility in demonstrating great combination of high strength and low weight. When combined with different constituent and bonded in multiple layers, the composite airframe component are able to take the required strength and load-bearing properties that are compliant with aviati...

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Machining has been in high demand as compared to other high-end conventional machining processes as it is capable of producing super precision cutting with a non-contact technology. The objective of this research is to establish mathematical model to predict laser cut surface roughness of the P-type silicon wafer processe...

This paper reports on the design and engineering analysis of a low-cost coconut peeling machine for small medium-sized enterprise. The aim of the design was to develop a machine that could remove the exterior coconut husk in a hexagonal form. The concept adopted was based on vertical trimmings and the mechanism composed of blades, and holder to cla...

This research investigates the effect of welding current and travel speed on the mechanical properties of the welded Mild Steel rod with a carbon content of 0.15% using the Metal Inert Gas Welding. By varying the welding current and travel speed and a constant welding gap of 3 mm, each specimen is pulled using the Instron Universal Testing Machine....

The preparation of calcium-based hydroxyapatite (HA) from chicken eggshell was prepared by using microwave-wet chemical synthesis approach. The influence of pH value at 8,9,10,11 and 12 that applied on the HA has been investigated. Several characterization methods such as the XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDX were used to evaluate the morphology and structu...

Golfer typically carries a golf bag to transport all his golf clubs and other equipment all over the golf course. However, golf bags can be hefty to be held on the shoulder. Thus, this project aims to design and fabricate an autonomous Smart Golf Caddie (SGC) to ease the burden of carrying a golf bag from a golfer and provide an autonomous caddie s...

The effect of manganese oxide on the sintering of steatite-based ceramic was studied. Steatite powder used in this work was doped with varying amounts of manganese oxide—5% to 30% (wt). The green samples were cold-isostatically pressed and pressureless sintered at temperatures ranging from 950ºC to 1150ºC using varying holding times. X-ray diffract...

The availability of natural calcium derived from biowaste materials is an inexpensive alternative to commercial calcium reagents used to produce calcium phosphate bioceramics. This approach is more ecofriendly, cost effective and sustainable owing to its abundant availability. In this study, zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (ZnHA-Es) was synthesised...

In this work, the sintering behaviour of fluorapatite (FAp)–silicate composites prepared by mixing variable amounts of natural quartz (2.5 wt% to 20 wt%) and FAp was studied. The composites were pressureless sintered in air at temperatures from 1000 °C to 1350 °C. The effects of temperatures on the densification, phase formation, chemical bonding a...

Although the macroinvertebrates have been widely used as bio-indicator for river water quality assessment in developed countries, its application is new in Iran and data on the health status of the most ecologically important rivers in Iran is scarce. The present study aimed at monitoring and assessing the ecological quality of Aghlagan river, nort...

In this work, the sintering behaviour of fluorapatite (FAp)–silicate composites prepared by mixing variable amounts of natural quartz (2.5 wt% to 20 wt%) and FAp was studied. The composites were pressureless sintered in air at temperatures from 1000 °C to 1350 °C. The effects of temperatures on the densification, phase formation, chemical bonding a...

In the present work, the eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was successfully synthesized by a simple wet chemical method assisted by microwave irradiation. Different pH values (8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) has been investigated in order to determine their effect on the HA properties. The derived powders were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM and E...

There is a renewed interest in the application of chitosan-based drug delivery systems over the last few years. In this study, the ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan-engaged tripolyphosphate ions, as the cross-linking molecule, (Chit-TPP) and concurrent loading of the biomolecules of the ethanolic extract of fennel, Foeniculum vulga...

The effects of manganese oxide, stainless steel and copper oxide doping on the sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) were investigated. The prepared ceramic composites were conventionally sintered at 1250 °C, 1350 °C and 1500 °C, using different holding times (1, 12 and 120 min, respectively). The tetrago...

In this study, a facile hydrothermal method is applied to produce hydroxyapatite (HA) particles using egg shells as calcium precursors and fruit waste extracts (banana peel) as biomolecular templates at 150 °C for a reaction time period of 12 hours (h) and 24 hours. The sintering of the green samples of hydroxyapatite were conducted at 1250 °C in a...

Small sized electrocatalysts, which can be obtained by rapid nucleation and high supersaturation are imperative for outstanding methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Conventional microwave synthesis processes of electrocatalysts include ultrasonication, stirring, pH adjustment, and microwave irradiation of the precursor mixture. Ethylene glycol (EG),...

In the present study eggshells-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) coatings were successfully produced on Ti6Al4V substrates using micro-arc oxidation process (MAO) at various concentrations of EHA (i.e. 1, 1.5 and 2 g/L) in an electrolyte consisting of tri-sodium orthophosphate. The attributes of the coatings were determine by X-ray diffraction, attenuat...

In the present work, the effect of varying the carbonate to phosphate (CO3²⁻/PO4³⁻) molar ratios from 0.5 to 4 on the sintering behaviour of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) synthesized by a wet chemical method were investigated. The sintering was performed under carbon dioxide atmosphere at 900 °C to maintain the B-type CHA structure. The derived p...

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are emerging as an advanced and efficient energy conversion technology that could be a solution to some of the environmental issues. SOFCs are able to produce clean electricity and heat from hydrogen energy. Due to their high ionic conductivity in the intermediate temperature range of 600 °C to 800 °C, scandia stabili...

In spite of advantages of direct methanol fuel cells, low methanol oxidation reaction and fuel crossover from anode to cathode, there remains a challenge that inhibits it from being commercialized. Active electrocatalysts are in high demand to promote the methanol oxidation reaction. The methanol reached at the anode can be immediately reacted, and...

The effect of manganese (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%) on the sintering and mechanical properties of alumina was studied. Sintering was carried out by the conventional heating method in a box furnace and in a hybrid multimode microwave furnace. XRD analysis revealed the precipitation of a spinel second phase (MnAl2O4) in manganese-doped samples as a result...

The effect of multi-ions (Mg²⁺, SiO4⁴⁻, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺) doping on the properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) prepared by a wet chemical method has been investigated. Different combinations of ions were doped into the CHA and the as-synthesized compacts were sintered at 900 °C prior to body characterization. It was found that regardless of ions d...

The effect of various amounts of copper oxide (CuO) up to 1 wt% on the densification behaviour and mechanical properties of 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) were studied by using microwave (MW) sintering method. The MW sintering was performed at temperatures between 1100 °C and 1400 °C, with a heating rate of 30 °C/min. and hol...

In this work, the viability of producing biogenic hydroxyapatite from bio-waste animal bones, namely bovine (cow), caprine (goat) and galline (chicken), through a heat treatment process has been investigated. The animal bones were locally sourced, cleaned to remove collagen and subsequently heat treated in air atmosphere at different temperatures r...

In this research, the comparison between microwave sintering and conventional sintering on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of 3 mol% yttria-stabilised zirconia were studied. Green bodies were compacted and sintered at various temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1500 °C. The results showed that microwave assisted sintering w...

Calcium phosphate coatings produced on the surface of Ti6Al4V by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) using different concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HA) in a 0.12M Na3PO4 (NAP) electrolyte solution was investigated. It was found that the amount of calcium phosphate particles infiltrated into the coating layer as well as the thickness and the surf...

This study investigates the properties of sol-gel derived sodium (Na)-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. Different amounts of Na (1, 5, 10 and 15 mol%) were prepared and the sintered bodies were characterized to determine the current phases, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that a phase pure HA...

Forsterite was found to the next potential candidate for bone implant application due to its superior mechanical properties as compared to the commonly used hydroxyapatite (HA). Various methods including two-step sintering and improvise synthesis method were introduced in hope to further improve the mechanical properties of forsterite. In this work...

In this study, a new analytical solution by the recursive method for evaluating stresses/displacements in multilayered hollow cylinder under thermo-mechanical loading was developed. The results for temperature distribution, displacements and stresses obtained by using the proposed solution were shown to be in good agreement with the FEM results. Th...

In the present work, hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from calcined eggshell via a wet chemical precipitation method was investigated. The as-received eggshells was calcined at 900°C to produce crystalline calcium oxide which reacted with orthophosphoric acid under controlled conditions. The final solution was filtered, dried and sieved to obtain ready...

The current work investigates the effects of sintering additives, particularly focused on 0.5 wt% manganese oxide (MnO2) and 0.1 wt% alumina (Al2O3), and co-doping both additives together (i.e. MnO2 + Al2O3), on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 3 mol% Y-TZP. The doped powders were prepared by attrition milling and subsequently green...

In the present work, the effect of low temperature sintering, focusing on varying the sintering holding times on the mechanical properties, microstructure and low temperature degradation behavior of undoped and MnO2-doped Y-TZP ceramics were investigated. Green samples were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1250oC at varying holding tim...

Deposition of hydroxyapatite derived from bio-waste eggshell on titanium substrate via electrophoretic deposition method and the thermal stability of the resulting coating were investigated. The coated substrates was sintered at different temperatures ranging from 900 °C to 1100 °C in argon atmosphere prior to characterisation. The results indicate...

The effect of microwave sintering on the densification of forsterite ceramic was investigated. Forsterite powder was prepared via solid-state reaction method with the application of attrition milling and heat treatment. The forsterite compacts were microwave sintered at 1100 °C to 1250 °C with 30 min holding and a ramping rate of 50 °C/min. The sam...

The effect of varying amounts (up to 1wt%) of graphene oxide (GO), on the densification behaviour of yttria-stabilised tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) was investigated. Green bodies were prepared and sintered in air atmosphere over the temperature range of 1200C to 1500C. Sintered samples were then evaluated to determine bulk density, Vickers's Hardnes...

In this work, the effect of microwave sintering on the properties of 1 mol% ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia (10Sc1CeSZ) was investigated. The sintering was carried out at temperatures 1300 °C and 1350 °C for 15 min using a 2.45 GHz microwave furnace. The sintering behavior of the microwave sintered ceramics was compared with that obtained v...

The effect of pressureless sintering on the properties of magnesium orthosilicate-hydroxyapatite (MO-HA) ceramic has been studied. The amount of MO composition in the green body was varied from 10 wt% to 50 wt% through mechanical ball milling and was subsequently sintered at varying temperatures in air atmosphere from 1000 degrees C to 1300 degrees...

The effect of conventional sintering from 1300 to 1550 °C on the properties of 1 mol% ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia was investigated. In addition, the influence of rapid sintering via microwave technique at low temperature regimes of 1300 °C and 1350 °C for 15 minutes on the properties of this zirconia was evaluated. It was found that bot...

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite derived from eggshell (HA-Es) was successfully prepared via a direct solid-state sintering method. The process involved mixing calcined eggshell powder and dicalcium hydrogen phosphate di-hydrate followed by a heat treatment at 800 °C. The resulting flower-like HA-Es powder was sintered at various temperatures ranging...

The effect of forsterite addition on the phase stability, microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite was studied. In the present work, three different forsterite-doped hydroxyapatite (HA-F) compositions were prepared i.e. 5, 10 and 20 wt% forsterite. The HA-F ceramics were prepared by ball milling followed by sintering in air at tem...

In the present work, the effect of manganese oxide (MnO2) additions (0, 0.5, 1 and 5 wt%) on the properties of ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia (10Sc1CeSZ) was investigated over the temperature range of 1400°C to 1550°C. The results showed that the addition up to 1 wt% had negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the ceramic. The sa...

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the densification behaviour of magnesium orthosilicate-hydroxyapatite (MO-HA) composite. The composite was prepared in various compositions, by varying the magnesium orthosilicate content from 10 wt% to 50 wt% via mechanical ball milling and conventional pressureless sintering at 1000oC to 1300oC, using a ram...

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of silicate and carbonate substitutions in hydroxyapatite (HA) on phase retention, physical properties, and in vitro biological response. A wet chemical method was employed to synthesize silicate-substituted HA (Si–HA) and carbonate-substituted HA (CHA). It was shown that the presence of silica...

Interconnected porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics are considered to be potential bone substitutes. However, insufficient mechanical properties when using tricalcium phosphate powders remain a challenge. To mitigate these issues, we have developed a new approach to produce an interconnected alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) scaffold and to perfor...

In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of cutting speeds and feed rates on surface roughness in turning of the Al %11Si and Al-11%Si-1% Bi die cast alloys. Experimental trials carried out on a CNC machine using coated carbide inserts (PVD). Three different cutting speeds, 70, 130 and 250 m/min and three...

Surface roughness and chip morphology are important output in manufacturing product. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of various cutting speeds and feed rates on surface roughness and chip morphology in turning the Al-Si cast alloy and Sr-containing. Experimental trials carried out using coated car...

In the present work, magnesium orthosilicate powder of high purity and crystallinity was successfully synthesized from precursors of talc and magnesium oxide via solid state reaction through combined steps of 3 h ball mill and annealing at 1400 °C for 1 h. The effects of ultrasonication, ball milling and annealing on the mixture of precursors were...

The synthesis of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles with expected microstructure is of primary importance because the process directly relates to the phase purity, morphology, and particle size of the final HA particles. In this work, different morphologies of HA powders were prepared via wet precipitation (HA-Wp) and sol-gel synthesis (...

The effect of annealing on the properties of bovine bone was investigated over the temperature range of 400 °C to 1300 °C at a ramp rate of 10 °C/minute. The XRD results indicated that annealing at between 600 °C and 1100 °C resulted in phase pure hydroxyapatite (HA). However, decomposition of HA to form tri-calcium phosphate was observed for sampl...

The sintering of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) is commonly carried at a predefined temperature using a long holding time of 2 hours. This often has resulted in grain coarsening which affects the mechanical properties of the sintered body and low temperature degradation (LTD) behaviour of the ceramic when exposed to moist environme...

The aim of this research is to study the properties of natural porous hydroxyapatite developed from bovine bone through a sintering process. Bovine bone samples were prepared and sintered in an air atmosphere at different temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C. The sintered bodies were characterized to determine the phases present, bulk densit...

The aim of this research is to study the properties of natural porous hydroxyapatite developed from bovine bone through a sintering process. Bovine bone samples were prepared and sintered in an air atmosphere at different temperatures ranging from 600 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. The sintered bodies were characterized to determine the phases presen...

Surface roughness and cutting force are two key measures that describe machined surface integrity and power requirement evaluation, respectively. This investigation presents the effect of melt treatment with addition of bismuth and antimony on machinability when turning Al-11%Si- 2%Cu alloy. The experiments are carried out under oblique dry cutting...

Solid-state electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on corn starch biodegradable polymer electrolytes are fabricated. Silica is added into the corn starch polymer electrolytes to improve the ionic conductivity and capacitance of the EDLCs. The ionic conductivity as a function of temperature obeys the Arrhenius equation indicating ionic hoppi...

In this present work, the effect of forsterite addition on the thermal stability, microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite was investigated. Four different forsterite-doped hydroxyapatite (HA-F) compositions were used in this study ranging from 5, 10 and 20 wt. % forsterite. The HA-F ceramics were prepared by powder mixing and bal...

In the present study, the sintering behaviour of hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated by employing the two-step and conventional sintering methods. Comparisons were made between different combinations of sintering temperatures to examine their influence on the sinterability of the samples. The sintered samples were examined in terms of phase stabil...

The sintering behaviour of forsterite prepared by mechanical activation and heat treatment has been studied. The green compacts were sintered using two different sintering profiles. The first was based on the conventional sintering (CS) profile in which the powder compact was sintered at the desired temperature, holding for 2 hours and then cooled...

Effect of sintering holding time on low-temperature degradation of 3 mol-% yttria stabilised zirconia was investigated. Yttria stabilised zirconia samples were sintered using a two-step sintering cycle. The samples were initially heated to 1500°C with the heating rate of 10°C min−1, held for 1 minute before cooling down to 1200°C and kept at this t...

This study examines the effects of different ZrB2 content on various mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of ZrB2/Y-TZP composite. Composites with ZrB2 content of up to 20 wt-% were particularly beneficial at the lower sintering temperature range by achieving greater densification and better hardness than Y-TZP monolith. In contrast to...

In the present work, phase pure hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully prepared using calcined eggshells as a calcium precursor via the wet chemical precipitation method. The sintering of eggshell-derived HA (EHA) compacts was carried out in air over a temperature range of 800-1400 degrees C. The sintered HA samples were evaluated in terms of phase s...

Abstract Restoration process for damaged human bone may be performed using autograft, xenograft or allograft and alloplasts methods. Different bio-waste materials have been used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite is a biomaterial that can be used as a bone graft material as it is similar to human bone and hard tissue. This wo...