Ramesh P Rudra

Ramesh P Rudra
University of Guelph | UOGuelph · School of Engineering

Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University

About

217
Publications
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3,399
Citations

Publications

Publications (217)
Article
Full-text available
The specific objective of this study is to explore the long-term trend of total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations and loads (C/L)s in various streams/rivers in the Great Lakes Basin. This includes related statistical analyses, such as confidence intervals, to assess variability and identify cases where measures shoul...
Article
Full-text available
The effectiveness of existing and potential best management practices (BMPs) to cropped lands in the Jeannette Creek watershed (Thames River basin, Ontario, Canada) in reducing P loads at its pumped outlets was assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Existing BMPs consisted of banded, incorporated, and variable phosphorus (P)-rate...
Article
Highlights EPIC, SHAW, and DRAINMOD models were evaluated for the simulation of winter hydrology. Energy-based models can better simulate late-winter and early-spring hydrology under winter conditions. Effective simulation of soil temperature and soil hydraulics in winters were identified as potential areas of development in temperature-based model...
Article
Highlights In northern region of Prairies and eastern provinces of Canada, the change in Frost-Free Days (FFDs) for the period of 1938–2022 is nearly negligible. In the stations located at the south of Ontario (called southern stations here), a maximum increase of 4.4 to 5.8 in FFDs per month was noted during the study period at different locations...
Preprint
Full-text available
In this study, trend analysis of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads are performed, combining bootstrapping with the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season i.e., WRTDS_BT technique. The technique is used at ten selected monitoring stations of Northern Lake Erie, Eastern Lake Huron, and Lake O...
Article
Past studies described several dominant factors responsible for minimum runoff generating areas (MRGAs) which are seldom backed by field observations. In this study, soil moisture and runoff data for 45 rainfall events were collected from a small agricultural 21.62 ha watershed in Ontario, Canada using a remotely operated wireless sensor network sy...
Article
Full-text available
Climate change poses a threat to the water security of the Grand River Watershed (GRW) by altering the precipitation patterns and other weather variables, which affect streamflow and freshwater availability. Therefore, in this study, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the GRW, Ontario, Canada, was used to assess the blue and green wa...
Article
Full-text available
Gully erosion susceptibility mapping (GESM) through predicting the spatial distribution of areas prone to gully erosion is required to plan gully erosion control strategies relevant to soil conservation. Recently, machine learning (ML) models have received increasing attention for GESM due to their vast capabilities. In this context, this paper sou...
Article
The accurate representation of the load of water quality constituents, transported by rivers and streams, is crucial to understand the impact on the quality of the lakes, the behavior of the rivers and streams. Statistical models have been developed to predict the water-quality constituent loads from the available data of sampled concentration (low...
Article
Full-text available
Ascertaining the spatiotemporal accuracy of precipitation is a challenge for hydrologists and planners for flood protection measures. The objective of this study was to compare streamflow simulations using rain gauge and radar data from a watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada, using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s event-based distributed Hydrol...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Hydrology has a long history of research in the theoretical and practical aspects of scaling and scale issues. But small effort has been paid on hydrologists' perception of the scale terms. What exactly do hydrologists mean when they use the terms "large scale"? The literatures suggest that most hydrologists do not consistently define scale terms,...
Article
Full-text available
The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change on the hydrologic regimes in Ontario, Canada. The variables include total precipitation, the form of precipitation (snowfall and rainfall), and the temperature during winter. The winter season is hydrologically significant for Canadian conditions. The historical data for 70 yea...
Article
Full-text available
Climate change and rapid urbanization could possibly increase the vulnerability of the Great Lakes Basin, Canada, which is the largest surface freshwater system in the world. This study explores the joint impact of climate change and land-use changes on the hydrology of a rapidly urbanizing Credit River watershed which lets out into Lake Ontario 25...
Chapter
Full-text available
This study has focused on the integrated management within the command area of Sikta irrigation system. A quasi three-dimensional groundwater flow simulation modeling was performed by using Visual MODFLOW 4.2 to assess the change in hydraulic head due to transient pumping. The model was calibrated and validated satisfactorily. Sensitivity analysis...
Article
Highlights Number of frost-free days (FFD) increased exponentially with an increase in winter daily minimum temperatures. Winter daily minimum temperatures increased at a rate of 2°C per 100 years for the investigated stations. Stations situated in southern Canada are more susceptible to increase in winter FFD. The developed simple model can be use...
Article
Full-text available
Many watershed models employ the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) approach for runoff simulation based on soil and land use information. These models implicitly assume that runoff is generated by the Hortonian process and; therefore, cannot correctly account for the effects of topography, variable source area (VSA) and/or soil moistu...
Article
Proper identification of critical source areas (CSAs) is important for the economic viability of any best management practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing sediment and phosphorus loads to receiving water bodies. Both continuous and event-based hydrologic and water quality models are widely used to identify and assess CSAs, however, their comparative a...
Article
Full-text available
The detrimental impacts of agricultural subsurface tile flows and their associated pollutants on water quality is a major environmental issue in the Great Lakes region and many other places globally. A strong understanding of water quality indicators along with the contribution of tile-drained agriculture to water contamination is necessary to asse...
Article
Full-text available
The rapid rise in availability of large geospatial datasets for the development of hydrological models such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has led to a dramatic increase in both the demand and availability of web services and tools that assist watershed modellers in incorporating data and knowledge into their modelling frameworks. Within...
Article
Full-text available
The rapid rise in availability of large geospatial datasets for the development of hydrological models such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has led to a dramatic increase in both the demand and availability of web services and tools that assist watershed modellers in incorporating data and knowledge into their modelling frameworks. Within...
Article
Full-text available
Non-point source (NPS) pollution is an important problem that has been threatening freshwater resources throughout the world. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can reduce NPS pollution delivery to receiving waters. For economic reasons, BMPs should be placed at critical source areas (CSAs), which are the areas contributing most of the NPS pollution....
Article
Modeling of ephemeral gully (EG) erosion has lagged that of other soil erosion processes despite its major contribution to watershed sediment losses. Several process and semi-empirical based simulation models have been used to assess the occurrence and location of EGs, magnitude of soil losses from EGs, and degradation, aggradation, and transport o...
Article
In humid regions, surface runoff is often generated by saturation-excess runoff mechanisms from relatively small variable source areas (VSAs). However, the majority of the current hydrologic models are based on infiltration-excess mechanisms. In this study, the AGricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model was used to integrate the VSA conc...
Data
The Great Lakes Weather Data Service for SWAT (Can-GLWS), is a Data as a Service (DaaS) platform that allows application users to download SWAT-ready climate data (historical, climate change scenarios and weather statistics) of a pre-specified region within the Canadian Great Lakes watersheds. The aim of this application is to remove the redundancy...
Article
Full-text available
Crops can uptake only a fraction of nitrogen from nitrogenous fertilizer, while losing the remainder through volatilization, leaching, immobilization and emissions from soils. The emissions of nitrogen in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) have a strong potency for global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone. N2O gets released due to nitrifica...
Article
Hot-spots and hot-moments of phosphorus loads in an agricultural watershed depend not only on thewatershed characteristics but also on the type and intensity of storms. Not all storms will generate phos-phorus that can be considered problematic. A threshold storm is thus proposed and defined as the max-imum storm intensity in which the phosphorus g...
Article
A WASCoB constituting a modest detention pond (berm), surface inlets and tile drains; designed to capture the flow and release it gradually into the drainage system is an efficient watershed BMP. Henceforth; a toolbox, CoBAGNPS for the AGNPS model, is developed to simulate WASCoBs through the AGNPS model. The toolbox utilizes the inputs from AGNPS,...
Article
Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are globally recognized as an effective BMP in reducing non-point source pollution. Maximum effectiveness of a VFS at a watershed-level could be achieved by adequately installing and sizing a VFS along the edge of the field. Existing watershed models have limitations in appropriately representing and modeling VFS at...
Article
Full-text available
Hydrologic models are calibrated and validated with an existing drainage network/drainage pattern (DNDP). However, in present times water could be routed through alternative DNDPs. The main objective of thispaper was to explore the performance of KINEROS 2 model in predicting streamflow and sediment yield in response to alterations in DNDP. Adoptin...
Article
A calcium-rich rock (limestone) was used as adsorbent to remove phosphorus from water. Phosphorus could be subsequently desorbed from limestone at pH = 4, and potentially reused as fertilizer following pH neutralization. Sorption of phosphorus onto limestone was not affected by 100 mM KCl or by the nitrogen present in a commercial fertilizer, but i...
Article
Full-text available
Water and Sediment Control Basin (WASCoB) is an important BMP constructed along concentrated flow-paths (gullies etc.) to control the movement of water and sediment within a watershed. A WASCoB constitutes of a berm, surface inlets, and a drainage pipe to route water into a ditch. Direct runoff ponded behind the berm is routed through surface inlet...
Article
Full-text available
This paper focuses on understanding the effects of projected climate change on streamflow dynamics of the Grand and Thames rivers of the Northern Lake Erie (NLE) basin. A soil water assessment tool (SWAT) model is developed, calibrated, and validated in a base-period. The model is able to simulate the monthly streamflow dynamics with 'Good' to 'Ver...
Presentation
Full-text available
Identifying critical source areas of phosphorus from selected small, agricultural watersheds of Ontario, Canada using different models
Poster
Full-text available
Assessment of Water Security using Blue and Green Water footprint concept in Grand River Watershed
Article
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Accurate modelling of flood flow hydrographs in ungauged catchments is a challenging task due to large errors in the estimation of its response time using existing empirical equations. The time of concentration (Tc) is a key catchment response time parameter needed for forecasting of the peak discharge rate and the timing of the flood event. At lea...
Article
Full-text available
The accuracy of prediction and ease of use of the three popular flood routing models; simplified dynamic Wave, diffusion wave, and full dynamic wave were evaluated. The models were evaluated along a reach of the Credit River Watershed, in Southern Ontario, Canada. The simplified dynamic wave model showed better accuracy and easier formulation when...
Article
Full-text available
In the last decade, Lake Erie, one of the great lakes bordering Canada and the USA has been under serious threat due to increased phosphorus levels originating from agricultural fields. Large scale watersheds contributing to Lake Erie from the USA side are being simulated using hydrological and water quality (H/WQ) models such as the Soil and Water...
Article
Full-text available
Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be implemented on agricultural landscapes to manage water flows and reduce nonpoint source pollution. However, given the specificity of each landscape, there are presently no credible methods of determining, a priori, which BMP would work best under a given situation and, more importantly, where in the watershed...
Article
Utilization of potato as a processed food can help stabilize the potato production as well as its price. Processed food requires certain quality parameters for raw material. With an aim to improve quality parameters of potato, a field study was conducted using mulches and drip irrigation. Three different type of mulches (plastic, bio-de-gradable an...
Article
Full-text available
The SWATDRAIN model was developed by incorporating the subsurface flow model, DRAINMOD, into a watershed scale surface flow model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment tool), to simulate the hydrology and water quality of agricultural watersheds. The model is capable of simulating hydrology under different agricultural management and climate scenarios....
Article
This study investigates a range of practical solutions to improve water allocation to reduce irrigation deficiency and maximize food production in Lebanon. The methodology included optimizing storage capacity for capturing wet season surplus to compensate for dry season irrigation water deficiencies; improving the wastewater collection and treatmen...
Article
A recently developed model, SWATDRAIN, was used to assess the alterations in water balance components, discharge, and sediment loads due to tile drainage practices in a heavily tile drained watershed in Ontario, Canada. Furthermore, the model was implemented to determine the spatial variability of sediment loads which can be explained by a combinat...
Article
This study assessed the capability of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to identify areas contributing to flow in the Gully Creek Watershed in Ontario. The SWAT model predicted the streamflow at the outlet of the watershed, with monthly and daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.75 and 0.60 during the validation period. In addition to the daily...
Article
The recently developed SWATDRAIN model was employed to assess the impact of controlled drainage on the water table dynamics, subsurface drainage, and surface runoff in an agricultural watershed in Ontario, Canada. Controlled drainage was defined with a depth of 1.0 m to restrict flow at the drain outlet to maintain the water table at 0.5 m below th...
Article
Water pollution by nitrate removed from agricultural systems through subsurface tile drains is a major environmental concern in Ontario. The control and reduction of the loading of chemicals to water bodies requires knowledge on the contribution of agricultural systems to water pollution under different cropping management practices. In this study,...
Article
Full-text available
The soil erosion from agricultural watersheds can be reduced by implementation of conservation management practices. In this study, the effectiveness of most popular agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for reducing sediment loads within Hog Creek and Sturgeon River watersheds in Ontario was investigated using measurement of the shift in t...
Article
In this study, a new model was developed by fully incorporating the DRAINMOD model into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). In this modeling approach, surface flow is simulated using SWAT model and subsurface flow is estimated using the DRAINMOD model. The newly developed model, referred to as SWATDRAIN, has the potential to perform simulati...
Article
Full-text available
It is an established fact that huge quantities of water are lost from lakes, reservoirs and soils by evaporation. This assumes greater significance in arid and semi-arid regions around the globe when a general scarcity of water is compounded by high evaporation loss from the open water surfaces of lakes and reservoirs. The use of surface covering b...
Article
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Abstract Pharmaceutical residues have become chemicals of emerging environmental concern in recent years. Generally, residual antibiotics are deemed to be slowly degradable compounds under normal operating conditions in wastewater treatment plants. In addition, their presence in wastewater treatment facilities might affect the treatment performance...
Article
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A study was conducted to delineate baseflow dominated and rapid response flow dominated watersheds by evaluating six different baseflow separation methods: digital filter, PART, United Kingdom Institute of Hydrology (UKIH), local minima, base fixed and base sliding for one hundred and fifteen watersheds in Southern Ontario (Canada). The streamflow...
Article
One of the most uncertain modeling tasks in hydrology is the prediction of ungauged stream sediment load and concentration statistics. This study presents integrated artificial neural networks (ANN) models for prediction of sediment rating curve parameters (rating curve coefficient α and rating curve exponent β) for ungauged basins. The ANN models...
Article
An apportionment entropy disorder index (AEDI), capturing both temporal and spatial variability of precipitation, was introduced as a new input parameter to an artificial neural networks (ANN) model to more accurately predict flow duration curves (FDCs) at ungauged sites. The ANN model was trained on the randomly selected 2/3 of the dataset of 147...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this study a modelling approach was developed using an event based distributed Agriculture Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model to simulate and locate the runoff generating areas based on VSA hydrology concepts. The modeling approach of the AGNPS model was modified to distribute runoff generating areas in a way consistent with VSA hydrology...
Article
Full-text available
The identification of runoff generating areas (RGAs) within a watershed is a difficult task because of their temporal and spatial behavior. A watershed was selected to investigate the RGAs to determine the factors affecting spatio-temporally in southern Ontario. The watershed was divided into 8 fields having a Wireless System Network (WSN) and a V-...
Article
Full-text available
There is a general consensus that climate change has impact on the intensity and frequency of rainfall events. However, very little research is available about the changes in short term rainfall extremes. The focus of this paper has been on the change in annual and monthly rainfall extremes in Ontario. The results indicate a greater variability (in...