Ram Singh

• M.Sc., Ph.D.
• Professor at Delhi Technological University

The study aims to evaluate effects of storage duration and storage temperature on changes in vitamin profile of formulated aquafeeds. Two aquafeeds are formulated one as extrusion processed fishmeal replacement diet comprising aquatic macrophyte greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as D1, other as non-substituted fishmeal diet from pelettization...

A 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Zn/Cu that belongs to a diverse category of anion‐exchangeable layered structures was prepared. The synthetic inorganic LDHs material was characterized by employing various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermograv...

A green and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-4- carbonitrile derivatives using an aqueous extract of waste neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves in 60-90% yield. The aqueous extract gave better results in comparison to the extracts with other solvents such as chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol....

The major part of food waste in our surroundings is produced due to the processing of fruits and vegetables. To recycle this waste, a considerable amount of money is required and as a result, these are either dumped in open spaces or else burned which tends to intensify the pollution problems. This article provides information regarding the potenti...

The fluorinated 5‐membered N‐containing heterocyclic compounds have wide utility in varied fields. The importance of these compounds has encouraged researchers to explore environment‐friendly synthetic techniques for their synthesis. In this context, microwave‐assisted synthesis has proved beneficial for the synthesis of fluorinated 5‐membered N‐he...

In women who die from cancer, breast cancer is the most common cause of death. The development of small molecular scaffolds as specific Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors is a promising strategy in the discovery of anti-breast cancer drugs. Isoindolin-1-ones are heterocyclic compounds with useful therapeutic properties. In this study, a libra...

Herbal medicines are the medicines obtained from plant sources. This is an alternate type of treatment based on traditional knowledge and scientific evidences in many cases. The utility of plants as whole or their parts like fruits, flowers, leaves, stem, and roots have been established for the treatment of many diseases. The active ingredients pre...

Background Cyclooxygenase enzyme is frequently overexpressed in various types of cancer and found to play a crucial role in poor prognosis in cancer patients. In current research, we have reported the new COX-2 inhibitors for cancer treatment using computer-aided drug design and experimental validation.MethodsA total of 12,795 compounds from the di...

Finfish and fish products are globally the most acknowledged health-promoting foods. The rising incidence of pathogenic and disease outbreaks have had a sizeable impact on aquaculture. Microbial supplementation of food in the form of probiotics, prebiotics, and their controlled release combinations (=co-encapsulations) as 'synbiotics' is noted for...

Increased industrial and agricultural activity has led to the contamination of the earth's soil and groundwater resources with hazardous chemicals. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluorides, dissolved solids, and many other pollutants used in industry and agriculture are responsible for hazardous levels of water pollution. The removal of these...

Nutrition demands in aquaculture can be realized through quality aquafeeds as compounded diets that contribute to the growth and health of aquaculture species. Functional additives in feed, notably probiotics, prebiotics, and their admixture synbiotics, have been recently recognized for their biotherapeutic role as immunostimulants capable of confe...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the leading reason for dementia. Morbidity and mortality are associated with AD and trouble mostly old-age people; however, in recent times, people with age groups lower than 50 are also getting affected. The etiology of AD has been an exciting area of research; still, an evidence-based c...

The diverse biological applications of fluorinated heterocycles make them crucial chemical compounds. Several synthetic processes have been developed for their synthesis. Microwave-assisted synthesis has emerged as an important technique for generating fluorinated heterocycles in an eco-friendly and energy-efficient manner. It provides several bene...

In this paper we report the synthesis, in‐silico and in‐vitro evaluations of a new series of benzothiazole linked triazole conjugates. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated as the inhibitor of cholinesterase enzymes using Ellman's method. The benzothiazole and triazole derivatives were synthesized separately and further combined through cov...

Background Cancer is a life-threatening disease. Anti-cancer drugs are the focus of research. The heterocyclic molecules like benzimidazole occupy a central position in searching for novel and effective anti-cancer drugs. The medicinal chemists designed and synthesized several benzimidazole derivatives and conjugates to evaluate them as potential a...

The enormous utilization of the polymer matrix composites in different fields makes this topic important for academic and industrial research. The use of synthetic polymer-based composites is creating environmental concern due to their huge production. They are nonbiodegradable in nature and also adds to toxicity. This forced the researchers to loo...

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of 2-arylimidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine (3) and benzimidazole (8) derivatives has been developed using plant extracts. The different plant part extracts of Terminalia chebula, Punica granatum, and Aegle marmelos have been studied. The aqueous fruit extract of Terminalia chebula gave better results. The synt...

Crop wastes are one of the agricultural wastes generated during the production and processing of food materials. Their generation is the other side of developmental activities. They are now becoming an alarming source of environmental pollution, leading to an unhealthy society. There is an urgent need to develop robust methods to utilize these type...

In this manuscript, we discussed the synthesis of non-ionic (C18) and (C18-cis) amphiphiles from [PG]-dendron-based biocompatible starting materials. The physicochemical studies of amphiphiles show some significant results. The presence of an amide as a linker group has affected the hydrophilicity of the amphiphiles to respond to a low critical mic...

Oxadiazoles are five-membered heterocyclic molecules possessing two carbon, two nitrogen, and one oxygen atom. They exist in four regioisomeric forms and established their potential for a wide range of applications. They have been successfully utilized as an essential part of the pharmacophore or as a flat, aromatic linker to place required substit...

Most of the traditional methods for organic synthesis have been associated with environmental concern. The transition from traditional to modern methods of synthesis is mainly based on principles of green chemistry to achieve better sustainability by reducing the negative impact on the environment and health. It has been found that microwaves as an...

Heparin is a highly sulphated and most negatively charged natural biopolymer belonging to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family. This is about a 100-year-old anticoagulant drug. This is equally important for non-anticoagulant diseases also and is the reason for the recent burgeoning of interest in the molecule. Heparin has been isolated from both anim...

Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic organic molecules possessing at least one atom other than carbon in the ring structure. They are a widely used class of organic compounds. The heterocyclic scaffolds represent the central framework of many biologically active molecules. The other applications, like agrochemicals, veterinary products, dyes, etc., al...

The research on the disease COVID-19 is an ongoing process since its outbreak as a pandemic. The repurposing of existing approved drugs has received priority attention due to some promising results towards COVID-19. In this article, some of the important chemical methodologies adopted for the synthesis of umifenovir, (s)-cidofovir, ribavirin, and r...

A new poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode using 2-benzoylpyridine semicarbazone as membrane carrier with dioctylphthalate as plasticizer and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTBP) as anion excluder has been fabricated and investigated as Zn(II)-selective electrode. Best potential response is observed for the composition PVC 30%, plasticizer 58...

The post-consumer plastics become an issue to the environment due to their stable and non-biodegradable nature. Their management is essential today and starts from the source of utility through segregation to the place where a proper care can be taken place that includes landfills or energy recovery areas or place of recycling. The present work is...

Ionic liquids (ILs) are developed as a sustainable alternative to most of the volatile organic solvents. As the research on ILs progress, they emerged also as suitable catalysts and reagents. ILs possess unique set of properties with respect to their cationic and anionic components, which allows ILs to be used in varied fields. They overcome many o...

A highly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on copper (II) complex of 2-acetylthiophene semicarbazone as a new carrier for iodide-selective electrode is fabricated with the composition of PVC (30 %), plasticizer (64 %), ionophore (4 %) and lipophilic additive (2 %). The prepared electrode has been found to exhibit the bes...

A highly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on copper (II) complex of 2-acetylthiophene semicarbazone as a new carrier for iodide-selective electrode is fabricated with the composition of PVC (30 %), plasticizer (64 %), ionophore (4 %) and lipophilic additive (2 %). The prepared electrode has been found to exhibit the bes...

Heavy metals, when exceeds the permissible limits, regarded as environmental pollutants. The agricultural fields, along with countryside areas are the most affected areas due to heavy metal contaminants affecting the crop yields. When these heavy metals find their way into the food chain possess a serious threat to plant and animal health. The indu...

The heterocyclic molecules are medicinally important and also finds applications in different other fields. The environmentally benign synthetic method for the synthesis of this important group of compounds is always explored. Bimetallic nanoparticles are getting attention as heterogeneous catalysts for their synthesis. The bimetallic nanoparticles...

The petrochemical-based plastics are causing a strong challenge for the natural ecosystem leading to global environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Hence, the requirement of alternative materials possessing environmental advantages received attention and leads to the development of bioplastics. Definition of bioplastics is no...

Polypropylene composites were prepared using natural fibers such as pigeon pea stalk fibers and banana peel. Aerobic biodegradation studies in compost have been carried out as per ASTM with composites prepared where cellulose and polypropylene has been taken as positive and negative reference respectively. Various analytical tools like SEM, TGA, XR...

A synthesized Schiff base 2-acetylthiophene semicarbazone ( 3 ) was used for the preparation of Ni ²⁺ selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane electrode. The prepared electrode with the optimized composition, PVC: 3 :sodium tetraphenylborate:di-n-butylphthalate as 33:6:3:58 exhibited a Nernstian response over the working range of 5.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ –5....

For centuries, natural products have been utilized as a major source of drugs either directly or as an origin for the drugs. The traditional knowledge about natural products is a boon for the development of drugs related to various kinds of diseases including neurological disorders. The neurological disorders are the abnormalities developed in the...

The classification of plants on the basis of their chemical constituents is a powerful weapon for plant taxonomists. The chemotaxonomic classification, when applied with proper care and phytochemical inputs, is more useful than morphological- and anatomical-based classifications. However, chemotaxonomy also suffers from some noticeable disadvantage...

A facile protocol for the synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was developed using two-component cyclization of substituted 2-aminopyridines and substituted phenacyl bromides in 65–94% yield. The reaction was DBU catalysed using green solvent, aqueous ethanol (1 : 1 v/v) at room temperature. The atom economy of the products was calculated to...

In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, in-silico, and in-vitro evaluations of a series of coumarin-phenylthiazole conjugates to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. The coumarin and phenylthiazole derivatives have been synthesized separately, and further combined through covalent amine bond linkage. The synthesized compounds showed more inhibit...

A novel, facile, one-pot, multicomponent protocol for the synthesis of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives has been developed using alumina–silica-supported MnO2 as recyclable catalyst in water and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate at room temperature. The cyclo-condensation of substituted benzaldehydes, malononitrile and phenyl hydrazin...

Aegle marmelos is a plant belonging to the genus Aegle and family Rutaceae. It is locally known as “Bael” and widely present in the sub-Himalayan region. This study identified the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties in different extracts derived from dried leaves of A. marmelos-a value addition to waste bael-patra. The phytochemical screening...

The use of agricultural waste in the preparation of polymer composites is a step towards the replacement of synthetic fibers with the natural fibers. In the present study, banana peel (BP) has been explored as a source of natural fiber for the preparation of composites. The effect of treated (sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, silane and Lac...

The pigeon pea stalk (PS) is an agricultural by-product. In this article, we have studied its potential as natural fibers to be utilized in polypropylene (PP) composite preparation. The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the PP/PS composites with and without compatibilizer have been investigated. The maleic anhydride grafted PP wa...

India being an agricultural country has great potential to utilize fiber derived from agricultural waste. Pigeon pea stalk (PS) is an agricultural waste. The pre-treatments of PS fibers enhance their compatibility with polymer in the area of polymer composites. This work deals with three different types of pre-treatments of PS fiber. The treatments...

The ions are the integral part of environment including the human system. Their imbalance always leads to negative outcomes. Imbalance in environment results environmental pollutions whereas imbalance in human body results in number of diseases. Hence the qualitative and quantitative determination of these ions is always focus of research. This com...

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), used as separators, are one of the important components in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The efficiency of MFC is greatly influenced by PEM. Nafion, which is a commonly used membrane, has several disadvantages in addition to its high cost. The aim of the present work was to develop low-cost PEMs with higher conducti...

Introduction Neurodegenerative disease is a collective term for a number of diseases that affect the neurons in the human brain. The location of the neuronal loss in the brain leads to the specified disease based on the progression of the clinical symptoms. No drugs are available for complete cure of these diseases. Most of the drugs only slow down...

A new series of non-ionic amphiphiles have been synthesized using bio-based compounds, including polyglycerol dendrons of different generations with commercially available oleoyl chloride. The impact of the chemical structure of the hydrophilic head from the dendron is significant for the morphological structure of the micelles. Physiochemical inve...

Plastics are indispensable and integral part of our daily life. Each year, we generate tonnes of plastics waste. Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) has created a space for itself in the plastic industry due to its high performance properties. The high rate of production created a major challenge in its management after use or becoming as waste. In this br...

Flavin derivatives are highly versatile electroactive molecules, which catalyse a large number of redox reactions in biological systems. In this context, we hereby report the electrochemical studies of riboflavin (Rf) in buffered aqueous solution at varying pH (3.0, 5.0 7.0, 9.0 and 12.0) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The CV results infe...

Background The history of traditional systems of medicine goes parallel with the history of human beings. Even today people have faith in traditional systems of medicine based on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Hence, the scientific evaluation and documentation of extracts and active ingredients of medicinal plants always play a...

Biomimetic reactions have been used for many transformations in organic synthesis. The synthetic isoalloxazines (or flavins) mimic the oxygenation reactions carried out by Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) including Baeyer−Villiger (BV) oxidationreactions. Here, we studied the effect of chain length at N10 position of isoalloxazines during th...

Polymers emerged as a boon in the advancement of modern medicine. The utilization of natural polymers for biomedical applications has been known for thousands of years but the application of degradable synthetic polymers is relatively recent. The field of biomedical engineering is shifting its focus towards degradable polymers in general and biodeg...

Polymers emerged as a boon in the advancement of modern medicine. The utilization of natural polymers for biomedical applications has been known for thousands of years but the application of degradable synthetic polymers is relatively recent. The field of biomedical engineering is shifting its focus towards degradable polymers in general and biodeg...

The coordination chemistry of thiosemicarbazonesplays an important role in a wide range of biological, pharmaceutical and material activities. In many cases, the activities of thiosemicarbazones increases many folds after their metalation. This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of thiosemicarbazone metal complexes having focus on t...

Medicinal plants have always played a pivotal role as sources for drug lead compounds. Early humans, driven by their instinct, taste, and experience, treated their illnesses by using plants; hence, the history of medicinal plants is as long as the history of humans. One challenge that the evolution of medicinal plants faces is their classification....

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism is an age old practice and is the reflection of socio-cultural factors of society. Drinking alcohol is as much a part of daily life as having food and even sometime people prefer to have alcohol than food. People who have been drinking excess amounts of alcohol for longer periods of time are exposing themselves to the r...

Energy is essential for the economic growth of any country. There is a strong demand for the development of materials that can show potential towards higher power density and energy density. In this article, a promising class of polymeric materials, hydrogels have been discussed as an energy storage material. The hydrogels are advantageous as they...

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring constituents of plants present in the significant proportion of our diet. They have been extensively studied due to their potential as pharmacological targets and nutraceutical benefits. The potential pharmacological applications of these molecules include cardioprotection, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-obes...

simple and convenient synthesis of monofurazanopiperazine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine) and bisfurazanopiperazine (4H,8H-bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b;3,4-e]pyrazine) was achieved in excellent yields. Diaminofurazan was synthesized by the cyclocondensation of diaminoglyoxime under solvent-free condition and further used in the...

In this article, silica supported copper(II) nitrate [Cu(NO3)2.3H2O] reagent has been prepared and characterized by FT-IR and SEM-EDS. This reagent was employed for the nitration of aromatic compounds. The nitrated products have been obtained in 69-95% yield in short reaction time at room temperature.

An easy and simple three-component one-pot process for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives using aldehyde, phenylhydrazine and malononitrile has been developed. The method gave 79 to 89% yields in a maximum of 30 minutes using AlCl3 as catalyst in aqueous ethanol (1:1 v/v).

Kamini Vidrawan Ras is a classical Ayurvedic medicine, referred to in Bhaisjya Ratnavali, a book recognized by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India. Its usefulness has been stated in erectile dysfunction, impotence, and premature ejaculation. Opium is the major ingredient of formulation which is highly addictive as it contains narcotic alkaloids (m...

A facile one-pot process for the synthesis of amides from aromatic amines and chloroacetyl chloride has been developed using DBU. The method gave 75 to 95% yields in 3-6 h using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent at room temperature. The products have been characterized by mp, IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis.

Polymer-supported organic synthesis has emerged as an important area of synthetic chemistry. In recent times, a large number of polymer-supported syntheses of heterocycles have appeared. In this article, we report the simple and facile synthesis of 7-hydroxy-10-substituted isoalloxazines using Merrifield resin as polymer support.

A simple, sensitive and precise HPTLC (high performance thin layer chromatography) method has been developed for quantitative estimation of ketamine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The separation of ketamine was achieved over HPTLC glass plate of silica GF-254 by using cyclohexane:toluene:diethylamine (5:3:2 v/v) solvent system. Densitomet...

Whey (also known as lactoserum) is a liquid obtained after the separation of milk fat and casein from the whole milk. The dairy industries are facing challenges for its disposal and always looking for simple and economical solutions. The best approach is to convert whey into some useful value added products. The combined knowledge based on bioorgan...

Alcohol abuse and related health issues are an age old problem. Alcoholism is the reflection of socio-cultural factors of an individual and sometimes society as a whole. For some people, this is a part of daily life. Use and abuse travel on the very tight rope. People who have been drinking excess amounts of alcohol for longer periods of time come...

Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) is a widely found medicinal plant in tropical and sub-tropical parts of India. The therapeutic applications of this plant have been reported in Indian and British Pharmacopeias and in traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. The crude, semi-purified and purified extracts obtained from different...

Nature which consists of so many variabilities of living components of the environment possesses useful, harmful and inactive chemical constituents. The classification based on these chemical constituents is known as chemotaxonomy. All the living components of the environment produce secondary metabolites that are derived from primary metabolites....

Biodiesel provides a feasible solution to the twin crisis of energy security and environmental concerns prevalent today and it can be extracted from conventional oil crops as well as microalgae. However, lipid productivity in case of microalgae is much higher and have several advantages as compared to the crop plants so is a better feedstock for bi...

Genistein is a natural compound belonging to the chemical class of isoflavone. This molecule is present in the significant portion of our diet in the form of Soy food products. This is the most extensively studied isoflavone due to its significance affinity towards targets of potential pharmacological and neutraceutical benefits. The potential phar...

β-Aminocarbonyl compounds are useful building blocks for the synthesis of biologically and medicinally important molecules. They are important intermediates for molecules like β-amino alcohols, β-amino acids and lactams which have applications in various pharmaceutical and natural product syntheses. The derivatives of β-aminocarbonyl compounds have...

A highly efficient, rapid and catalyst free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Reaction was carried out at room temperature and the products were obtained in high yields without further purification.

Medicinal plants have always played a vital role for the healthy human life. The family Euphorbiaceous is a family of flowering plants and contains nearly about 300 genera and 7,500 species. Amongst all, the species Ricinus communis or castor plant has high traditional and modern medicinal values. The individual parts of the plant like the seed, se...

An improved synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds is described using one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes, ketones, and anilines in the presence of FeCl3-Silica gel G as an inexpensive and effective catalyst. The present methodology offers 70-94% yields of the product in short time and mild reaction condition with easy work up proced...

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women comprising 23% of all female cancers. About 90% of breast cancer cases are initially hormone dependent (estrogen receptor positive) and one of the strategies for the treatment of women with ER+ (ER positive) hormone dependent breast cancer is by ‘Hormone therapy’. This method wor...

10-Substituted isoalloxazines, also known as flavins, are biologically active tricyclic N-containing heterocyclic molecules. They are the cofactors of flavoenzymes which are responsible for the oxidation in biological systems. The flavoenzymes are involved in the catalysis of wide variety of biological redox reactions, involve in electron transfer...

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are an important monooxygenase system present in living organisms starting from eukaryotes to human beings. They are involved in catalysing wide variety of oxygenation reactions including bioremediation process. The central reaction in these enzymes is always the formation of a peroxyflavin intermediate by re...

The synthesis of various 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes has been carried out in high yields and high purity by one pot, solvent free cyclocondensation of an aldehyde and β-naphthol using antimony trichloride (SbCl3) as catalyst. The method provides excellent isolated yield, short reaction time and easy work up procedure.

Neurological disorders are drawing much attention from scientists in recent times. These disorders are one of the most serious disorders mankind will have to fight against in near future. Monoamine oxidase is one target which is implicated in many neurological disorders. Scientists have studied different molecular entities as monoamine oxidase inhi...

Anthraquinones are an important class of natural products occurring in bacteria, fungi, lichens and higher plants. In higher plants, they are found in a large number of plant families, including Verbenaceae, Bignoniaceae, Rubiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Polygonaceae and Leguminoseae. Anthraquinones have been known to exhibit a wide range of bioactivities an...

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are an important monooxygenase system present in living organisms starting from eukaryotes to human beings. They are involved in catalysing wide variety of oxygenation reactions including bioremediation process. The central reaction in these enzymes is always the formation of a peroxyflavin intermediate by re...

An efficient solvent free reaction of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene with anilines to give N-substituted nitro anilines by nucleophilic aromatic substitution in good to excellent yields has been described. The effect of different salts on the reaction has also been studied.

Selected 6- and 7-carboxyflavins activate H2O2, oxidizing thioanisole to its sulfoxide. The greater reactivity of the 6-carboxyflavin derivatives are ascribed to the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between N(5) and the carboxyl group of the flavin system.