Ralph Carpinelli

Researchers have expressed concern recently for standardization of resistance training protocols so that valid comparisons of different training variables such as muscular fatigue, time under tension, pre-exhaust exercise and exercise order, pyramid and drop sets, amount of resistance (load), range of repetitions, frequency and volume of exercise,...

Researchers have expressed concern recently for standardization of resistance training protocols so that valid comparisons of different training variables such as muscular fatigue, time under tension, pre-exhaust exercise and exercise order, pyramid and drop sets, amount of resistance (load), range of repetitions, frequency and volume of exercise,...

Researchers have expressed concern recently for standardization of resistance training protocols so that valid comparisons of different training variables such as muscular fatigue, time under tension, pre-exhaust exercise and exercise order, pyramid and drop sets, amount of resistance (load), range of repetitions, frequency and volume of exercise,...

Research has shown that there is a large interindividual heterogeneity of strength gains and muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise training. The subject of genetics is rarely discussed in the majority of resistance training studies and only a handful of studies have specifically focused on the range of responses to a specific traini...

A significant portion of a recent review on the development of research-based strength training in the National Strength and Conditioning Association focused on their opinion that free weight strength training is superior to machine training for increasing muscular strength and power. The purpose of this critique is to challenge that widely held be...

A recent peer-reviewed article described resistance training programs for police officers and made several specific training recommendations that the author claimed were evidence-based. This review challenges his claims regarding numerous training variables such as exercise selection, order, volume, load, frequency, interset rest, and periodization...

This critical analysis challenges the validity of evidence cited in a review entitled Strength Training for the Warfighter. Most of the claims and recommendations in that review, especially regarding the size principle of motor unit recruitment, are not supported by resistance training studies. Rather than providing evidence based recommendations f...

A meta-analysis is a controversial statistical procedure that combines the data from several independent studies in an attempt to produce an estimate for the effectiveness of a specific intervention. The validity of a meta-analysis, also known by its critics as numerological abracadabra, is dependent on the arbitrarily defined criteria and discrimi...

In an updated Position Statement on youth resistance training, the National Strength and Conditioning Association claimed that the Statement was based on a comprehensive analysis of the scientific evidence for resistance training in children. This Critical Commentary challenges that claim and reveals that their recommendations, especially the inclu...

The size principle states that motor units are recruited in an orderly manner from the smaller (lower threshold) to the larger (higher threshold) motor units, and that the recruitment is dependent on the effort of the activity. Greater recruitment produces higher muscular force. However, the pervasive faulty assumption that maximal or near maximal...

Several researchers have recently claimed that a series of meta-analyses unequivocally support the superiority of multiple sets for resistance training, and that they have ended the single versus multiple set debate. However, our critical analysis of these meta-analyses revealed numerous mathematical and statistical errors. In addition, their concl...

In February 2002, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) published a Position Stand entitled Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. The ACSM claims that the programmed manipulation of resistance-training protocols such as the training modality, repetition duration, range of repetitions, number of sets, and frequency o...

A threshold model postulates that prescriptively applying the appropriate cardiorespiratory and strength stimulus at a designated threshold of intensity for a brief time results in the targeted adaptations. A randomized control group design was used with 17 unfit males and females (mean age = 37.1 +/- 6.5 year) assigned to an exercise group (n = 9)...

The evidence that multiple sets of exercise are superior to a single set for maximal strength gains, as suggested by Berger in 1962, is reviewed. The validity and practical significance of Berger's strength training study are questioned. Well controlled, methodologically sound studies that minimise confounding variables are required to support the...

Public health guidelines primarily focus on the promotion of physical activity and steady-state aerobic exercise, which enhances cardiorespiratory fitness and has some impact on body composition. However, research demonstrates that resistance exercise training has profound effects on the musculoskeletal system, contributes to the maintenance of fun...

Public health guidelines focus on increasing low to moderate physical activity levels in a largely sedentary population. While there is some evidence that inactivity is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, there appears to be much stronger and consistent evidence for a graded inverse relationship between physical fitness and m...

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Intrinsic is defined as internal, within or inherent. Extrinsic refers to something external or extraneous , and not inherent. Extrinsic is separate from intrinsic. However, specific aspects of these two entities are inseparable during exercise. For example , resistance (weight), range of motion, repetition duration, and the...

Perhaps the most controversial element of any strength training programme is the number of sets required to increase muscular strength and hypertrophy. There is a prevalent belief that at least 3 sets of each exercise are required to elicit optimal increases in strength and hypertrophy. However, most of the studies that reported the results of trai...

Perhaps the most controversial element of any strength training programme is the number of sets required to increase muscular strength and hypertrophy. There is a prevalent belief that at least 3 sets of each exercise are required to elicit optimal increases in strength and hypertrophy. However, most of the studies that reported the results of trai...

This study tested the hypothesis that concentric resistance exercise along with an accentuated eccentric load would elicit greater increases in concentric strength than training with a similar amount of resistance for concentric and nonaccen-tuated eccentric muscle actions. Pre- and posttraining concentric one repetition max (1-RM) of the left knee...

The acute effects of miometric muscle actions (MMA) and pliometric muscle actions (PMA) of the quadriceps were studied in 24 healthy untrained females. Group 80/80 (n=12) performed three sets of MMA-only (shortening muscle actions) knee extensions until fatigue, alternated with three sets of contralateral PMA-only (lengthening muscle actions) exerc...

Otto RM, Carpinelli RN. A Critical Analysis Of The Single Versus Multiple Set Debate. JEPonline 2006;9(1):32-57. Several researchers have recently claimed that a series of meta-analyses unequivocally support the superiority of multiple sets for resistance training, and that they have ended the single versus multiple set debate. However, our critica...

JEPonline 2004;7(3):1-60. In February 2002, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) published a Position Stand entitled Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. The ACSM claims that the programmed manipulation of resistance-training protocols such as the training modality, repetition duration, range of repetitions, numbe...

Typescript; issued also on microfilm and on Microfiche. Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, l989. Bibliography: leaves 114-130.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Columbia University, 1989. Includes bibliographical references. Microfiche. s Eye-readable title on fiche: The acute effects of miometric & pliometric muscle actions on delayed onset muscle soreness, hemodynamic responses, & exercise performance ; 11 x 15 cm. "UO 89 358--UO 89 359."