Raju Sharma

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Verified

Raju verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• MD, MAMS,FICR
• Professor (Full) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Background Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of hepatic nodular lesions is common to characterize hepatic lesions, and in this retrospective study, we analyzed the spectrum of primary and secondary hepatic lesions identified over 4 years. Methods This retrospective study includes FNAC smears of 162 cases of hepatic nodular lesions at our inst...

Background We designed this trial to evaluate efficacy of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) combined with exclusion diet (ED) in patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods In this quasi-experimental study, patients with mild-to-moderate UC (SCCAI=3-11) were allowed to choose either PEN+ED along with standard of care (SO...

Background Patients admitted with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) respond to medical therapy in upto two-third cases but monitoring and early detection of non-response is of prime importance to prevent colectomy or mortality, through use of rescue medical therapy. This study evaluates the utility of ultrasonography (USG) in prognostication a...

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and prostate cancer detection rate of magnetic resonance (MR) in-bore biopsy with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic biopsy. We also compared the cancer detection rate of the combined MR in-bore and TRUS-guided systematic biopsy with the TRUS-guided biopsy only approach. Me...

Purpose To compare the volume, fat content, and T1 relaxation time of the pancreas in participants with and without prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods In this prospective case-control study, we enrolled 29 women with prior GDM, and divided them into three groups (normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic) based on their glycaemic st...

Background & objectives Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with a higher risk of malignancy, which is attributed to disease behaviour and the usage of immunosuppressants. The burden of malignancy in CD is scarcely reported from Asia. We report real-world data on CD-related malignancy from a northern Indian cohort. Methods This retrospective analys...

Objective was to assess the precision and reproducibility of spatial penalty-based intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) methods in comparison to the conventional bi-exponential (BE) model-based IVIM methods. IVIM-MRI (11 b-values; 0–800 s/mm²) of forty patients (N = 40; Age = 17.7 ± 5.9 years; Male:Female = 30:10) with biopsy-proven osteosarcoma wer...

The interpretation of mammograms requires many years of training and experience. Currently, training in mammography, like the rest of diagnostic radiology, is through institutional libraries, books, and experience accumulated over time. We explore whether artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated images can help in simulation education and result in m...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with musculoskeletal TB accounting for a notable proportion of cases. The spine is the most commonly affected site, followed by the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent joint destruction, deformity, and neurological complications. Given th...

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is challenging due to its variable imaging appearance, which can mimic several other conditions. This review covers the imaging spectrum of tubercular involvement of abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, solid abdominal viscera, and the gastrointestinal tract. Tubercular lymphadenitis is the most frequent manifestat...

Traditionally, sternotomy has been the gold standard approach for the treatment of thymomas. However, interest in minimally invasive techniques such as video-assisted and robot-assisted thymectomy is gaining momentum. Concerns have been raised over the possibility of en-bloc resection using minimal access techniques due to limited working space and...

This review is a bird’s eye view of the practice of pediatric radiology in India. The key focus of this article is training, certification and employment opportunities for radiologists aspiring to specialise in pediatric radiology. Further, we have traced the growth in academic and research opportunities over the past two decades, as well as given...

Lay Summary NUDT15 homozygous mutations predispose patients to severe leucopenia, which invites risk of disseminated fungal infections when high doses or a combination of immunosuppressives are administered in this patient population.

Background Perianal fistulas (PF) affect one-third patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) with limited therapeutic options. There is dearth of literature on safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) in this population. Methods An open-label, phase I/II, single-arm study was conducted involving local administration of...

Clinical utility of Whole Body Low Dose CT scan for detecting bone metastasis in Breast cancer patients: A cross sectional study Background: Skeletal scintigraphy (Bone scan) is the imaging of choice to detect bone metastasis in locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer patients. Nuclear medicine facilities are however limited in their availabi...

Purpose To evaluate the role of conventional diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in distinguishing benign from malignant adnexal masses. Methods 38 patients with 45 adnexal masses were enrolled in this prospective study and assessed with multiparametric MRI, including the IVIM-DKI s...

Objectives To evaluate the role of combined intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging (IVIM–DKI) and their machine‐learning‐based texture analysis for the detection and assessment of severity in prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and methods Eighty‐eight patients underwent MRI on a 3 T scanner after giving informed consent. IVIM–DK...

Background Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) encompass a group of rare mesenchymal neoplasms, with dual melanocytic and muscular differentiation. Hepatic PEComas are rare and difficult to diagnose, and their behavior is still unclear. Materials and Methods Herein, we report a total of five cases of hepatic and perihepatic PEComas over...

The trajectory from the clinical identification of a benign liver mass to establishing a precise diagnosis is perplexing and arduous. Related contributory factors are that such lesions are encountered infrequently and that there is a nonavailability of dedicated paediatric radiologists in the developing world. The objective of this study was to rev...

Poorly differentiated colonic carcinoma with rhabdoid features is a rarely described entity. Our knowledge regarding the molecular phenotype of the tumor is evolving. We herein report a similar tumor with rhabdoid differentiation identified in the splenic flexure, which on histological examination showed a poorly differentiated phenotype with epith...

Background Perianal fistulas affect one-third patients with Crohn’s disease with limited therapeutic options. There is dearth of literature on safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in this population. Methods An open-label, phase I/II, single-arm study was conducted involving local administration of human allogeneic...

Background High potassium intake is associated with decreased risk of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), urinary potassium has been correlated with disease activity in ulcerative colitis(UC), and gut microbiome modulation improves outcomes in UC. We evaluated coconut water as potassium rich diet and gut microbiome modulator in patients with mild-mode...

Background Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy (LHM) is an established treatment for achalasia cardia. Anti-reflux procedures (ARP) are recommended with LHM to reduce the post-operative reflux though the optimal anti-reflux procedure is still debatable. This study reports on the long-term outcomes of LHM with Angle-of-His accentuation (AOH) in patients o...

Background Perianal fistulas affect one-third patients with Crohn’s disease with limited therapeutic options. There is dearth of literature on safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in this population. Methods An open-label, phase I/II, single-arm study was conducted involving local administration of human allogeneic...

Objective: The objective was to assess qualitative interpretability and quantitative precision and reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parametric images evaluated using novel IVIM analysis methods for diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Intravoxel incoherent motion datasets of 55 patients (male/female = 41:14; age = 17.8 ± 5.5 years...

Objective To evaluate the role of Shear wave elastography in characterizing adnexal masses. Design A prospective study. Setting Tertiary care hospital and research institute in India. Population Patients aged >12 years with an adnexal mass. Methods 95 adnexal masses in 85 patients were included in the analysis. The mean, minimum, and maximum elasti...

Background and Aims Thiopurines are viable option for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in resource limited countries. However, data on the effect of disease duration at thiopurines initiation on long-term effectiveness is limited. Method We performed a propensity matched analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients with ulcerati...

Background: The diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis often relies on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings, particularly in resource-constrained settings. However, numerous non-infectious conditions exhibit similar clinical and radiological features to spinal tuberculosis, leading to potential misdiagnosis in the absence of microbiological or...

Objectives: To make sonographic evaluation for biliary atresia (BA) more objective and reproducible using scoring systems, and evaluate hepatic shear wave elastography (SWE) as an adjunct in sonographic diagnosis of BA. Methods: Sixty-four infants with cholestatic jaundice were enrolled between June 2016 and March 2018 in this prospective observ...

Background High potassium intake has been associated with decreased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and urinary potassium levels have been correlated with disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated coconut water as a potassium-rich diet and gut microbiome modulator in patients with mild-moderate UC. Methods This single-cen...

Predictive performance of penalty-based IVIM analysis methodologies BE+TV and BE+HPF for response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy have been evaluated using clinical dataset with osteosarcoma in comparison with existing IVIM analysis methods. IVIM datasets before and after chemotherapy were analyzed using 5 IVIM analysis methods – Bi-exponential model a...

Background: /Aims-Chronic isolated terminal ileitis(TI) may be seen in Crohn's disease(CD) and Intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) in addition to other etiologies that may be managed symptomatically. We developed a revised algorithm to distinguish patients with a specific etiology from a non specific etiology. Methods: Patients with chronic isolated TI...

Benign liver neoplasms are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Lesions like typical hemangioma may be confidently diagnosed on ultrasound, but for the majority of other liver lesions, multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are usually warranted. In lesions like adenomas, making the diagnosis alone is not su...

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is abnormal placental adhesion beyond superficial myometrium, which may lead to severe life-threatening hemorrhage requiring massive blood transfusions in the peripartum period. Prophylactic balloon catheterization of bilateral internal iliac arteries with or without additional embolization with Cesarean...

Background/aims: Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Inflammatory bow...

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs). Localization of the causative tumor in these cases is an arduous task since the culprit lesions are usually small, slow-growing, and can be located almost anywhere from head to toe. Purpose: To describe the morph...

Small bowel malignancies are rare, though colorectal cancers are common. This article reviews the current imaging recommendations for small bowel and colorectal malignancies. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis/staging/response evaluation/follow-up of the small bowel and colonic tumors. Magneti...

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) are prevalent in the community, especially among those with metabolic syndrome. Patients with fibrotic NASH are at increased risk of liver-related-events. Currently available non-invasive tests have not been utilized for screening for fibrotic NASH among the community....

To investigate IVIM-DKI in diagnosing benign and malignant lymph nodes in lymphoma and its subtypes in comparison to FDG-PET/CT. A total of twenty-one (n = 21) patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven Hodgkin lymphoma(HL: n = 13) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL: n = 8) were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent MRI(T1-weighted, Short-Tau-Inver...

Non-invasive characterization of pancreatic masses aids in the management of pancreatic lesions. Intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion kurtosis imaging (IVIM-DKI) and machine learning-based texture analysis was used to differentiate pancreatic masses such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), solid pse...

Background: Early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is important to aid personalized treatment in osteosarcoma. Diffusion-weighted Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI was used to evaluate the predictive value for response to NACT and survival outcome in osteosarcoma. Methods: Total fifty-five patients with biopsy-prov...

Aims: The conventional Seldinger and trocar techniques of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) have inherent limitations in infants and younger children. We studied the role of a novel coaxial technique of PCN in children under the age of 5 years in comparison to the conventional techniques. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center feasibility tri...

Background Non-invasive biomarkers for early chemotherapeutic response in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are useful for optimizing existing treatment protocol. Purpose To assess the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in ESFT. Material and Methods A total of 28 pa...

Background The information on the risk of thromboembolism (TE) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its predictors are lacking, especially from developing countries. The present study evaluated the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of TE in IBD.Methods This case–control study included 35 patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC, n = 25]; Cr...

Background Non-invasive DECT based characterization of renal stones using their effective atomic number (Zeff) and the electron density (ρe) in patients. Aim This paper aims to develop a method for in-vivo characterization of renal stone. Differentiation of renal stones in-vivo especially sub types of calcium stones have very important advantage f...

Background Stricturing Crohn’s disease (CD) is difficult to manage medically with limited treatment options, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy being the first-line therapy. Although thiopurines are also recommended first-line treatment option for maintenance of remission in steroid-dependent CD, evidence on their use in stricturing CD is lac...

Purpose: Withdrawal of thiopurines after remission is associated with an increased risk of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, long-term data on thiopurine withdrawal is limited, especially from developing countries where the cost of long-term therapy poses a significant burden on patients. Methods: Patients with...

Objective To assess the effectiveness of intranodal lymphangiography using ethiodized oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet Japan, Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of refractory cases of chylothorax and chylous ascites in the pediatric population. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, eight children having chyle leak resistant to conservative management underwent intran...

Reproducibility and repeatability of penalty-based IVIM analysis methodologies BE+TV and BE+HPF have been evaluated using clinical dataset with osteosarcoma in comparison with existing IVIM analysis methods. IVIM datasets at three time-points during chemotherapy were analyzed and healthy muscle tissue was used as local control for IVIM analysis and...

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the role of diffusion weighted MRI for early evaluation of chemotherapy response in patients with Ewing sarcoma with RECIST 1.1 criteria correlation. Absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normalized ADC (nADC) and tumor diameter at baseline and after 1st cycle of chemotherapy were asses...

Objective The purpose is to discuss abdominal tuberculosis mimicking malignancy involving the lymph nodes, peritoneum, and the GI tract. Conclusion Awareness of the pathophysiology and imaging appearance on various modalities of abdominal tuberculosis involving the lymph nodes, peritoneum, and the GI tract that may simulate malignancy can aid diff...

Background: Thiopurines are widely used to maintain remission in both Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Reported effectiveness and tolerability rates have been variable across studies. There are only sparse data in Asian population regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of thiopurines. Methods: Records of 5351 patients follo...

Background Evaluation of perfusion characteristics is the key to characterize vascular anomalies. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a radiation-free modality to evaluate this in real-time and can be coupled along with Doppler-ultrasound (US). Objective To evaluate the utility of CEUS in characterization of suspected soft-tissue vascular anoma...

Background: Optimal outcomes in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) are related to time-bound management based upon early prediction of response to intravenous (IV) steroids. In an earlier study, we described the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) index (baseline Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS] ≥ 7 and day 3...

Objectives The objective of this study was to present the procedural details and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings of perioperative chest-wall collateral embolization (PCCE) and compare intraoperative blood loss in patients of pulmonary aspergilloma (PA) undergoing lung resection with and without PCCE. Materials and Methods Since Novem...

Background Anti‐tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation despite latent tuberculosis (LTB) screening, especially in TB endemic regions. Aim We evaluated the effect of stringent screening strategy and LTB prophylaxis on TB reactivation...

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), through to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. We assessed the prevalence, spectrum, and determinants of NAFLD among adults in urban and rural North India. Methods A representative sample of adults aged 30...

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), through to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. We assessed the prevalence, spectrum, and determinants of NAFLD among adults in urban and rural North India. Methods A representative sample of adults aged 30...

Background/aims: Existing therapeutic options for complicated Crohn's disease (CD) like biologics and surgery are limited by inadequate long-term efficacy, cost, and adverse effects. Tissue hypoxia is important in CD pathogenesis and may be ameliorated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of HBOT in smal...

Background SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute pancreatitis (AP) and virus superinfection can occur during prolong hospitalisation. Our objective was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 related AP and study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 superinfection on outcomes in AP. Methods In this multicentre prospective study, all patients with AP plus SARS-CoV-2 infection between...

Background Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation despite LTB screening, especially in TB endemic regions. We evaluated the effect of stringent screening strategy and latent tuberculosis (LTB) prophylaxis on TB reactivation. Meth...

Background Withdrawal of thiopurines after remission has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, long-term data on thiopurine withdrawal is limited especially from developing countries. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with IBD on thiopurine monotherapy...

Background Thiopurines are widely used to maintain remission in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD). Reported effectiveness and tolerability rates have been variable across studies. Moreover, there are only sparse data in the Asian population regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of azathioprine (AZT). Methods Records of 53...

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD) is characterized by remitting/relapsing course. A proportion of patients with UC, and almost all patients with CD require long-term immunosuppression to maintain endoscopic and clinical remission and prevent disease progression. The present study...

Objectives To characterize baseline T1 values of tumors, measure changes after the course of chemotherapy, and evaluate its potential as a marker of response assessment in patients with osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods A total of 35 patients (male:female =27:8; age=17.9±6 years; metastatic:localized=11:24) with biopsy-proven osteosarcoma were a...

Post-mortem MRI (PMMRI) can reliably detect most major organ malformations in cases of stillbirth. However, variable normal post-mortem changes mimicking pathology make the interpretation difficult. Varying morphological appearances of internal organs could be due to differences in gestational age of the fetuses being evaluated or the presence of m...

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE BRAND AWARENESS OF A PRODUCT OF A COMPANY ON STUDENTS

Happiness is an emotional state characterized by feeling of joy, satisfaction, contentment and fulfillment. The two key components of happiness are the balance of emotions and life satisfaction. According to World Happiness Report 2021, India ranked 139 out of 149 countries on the basis of happiness index. India is set to become the world's younges...

Objective: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MR) in hepatoblastoma as compared to multiphase contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans for detection of satellite lesions. Methods: In this prospective study on new cases of hepatoblastoma, multiphase CECT scans and DW-MR were performed before initia...

Aims The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic yield of image-guided biopsy in providing a final diagnosis in patients with suspected infectious spondylodiscitis, to report the diagnostic accuracy of various microbiological tests and histological examinations in these patients, and to report the epidemiology of infectious spondylodisc...

Focal renal lesions in the background of chronic kidney disease (CKD) present a diagnostic challenge. Contrast administration is usually avoided in such a setting, undermining the usefulness of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Focal regenerating nodules may occur in the background of CKD and closely mimic renal neoplasms. The aim...

The Gallbladder Reporting and Data System (GB-RADS) ultrasound (US) risk stratification is proposed to improve consistency in US interpretations, reporting, and assessment of risk of malignancy in gallbladder wall thickening in non-acute setting. It was developed based on a systematic review of the literature and the consensus of an international m...

Tuberculosis is ancient disease known to mankind. Diagnosis and management of spinal tuberculosis has immensely improved in last few decades. Imaging, particularly MRI, plays important role in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis and its complications. Four common imaging patterns of spinal tuberculosis include paradiscal type, central type, Anterior s...

Background: A multimodality approach to locally advanced gallbladder cancer (LA-GBC) may improve their dismal survival. We did a pilot study to evaluate safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) in LA-GBC. Methods : Patients with cytologically proven, resectable LA-GBC (stage III=12, IVA=4), no metastasis at laparoscopy, were all...

Sarcopenia and visceral fat independently predict poor outcomes in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, combined influence of these parameters on outcomes is unknown, and was investigated in the present study. This retrospective study evaluated skeletal muscle index (SMI-cross-sectional area of five skeletal muscles normalized for height), visceral and s...

PurposeTo study the efficacy and safety of uterine artery embolization in treatment of obstetric hemorrhage.Methods This ethically approved prospective study was conducted between November 2017 and October 2019, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Consecutive patients presenting with uncontrolled obstetric hemorrhage were e...

Objective Early detection of peripheral neuropathy is extremely important as leprosy is one of the treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy. The study was undertaken to assess the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ulnar neuropathy in leprosy patients. Methods This was a case–control study including 38 patients (72 nerves) and 5 controls (...

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of CT texture analysis (CTTA) in (1) differentiating Thymoma (THY) from thymic hyperplasia (TH) (2) low from high WHO grade, and (3) low from high Masaoka Koga (MK)/International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) stages. Methods: After institute ethical clearance, this cross-sectional study analyz...

Laparoscopic Heller’s Cardiomyotomy (LHCM) is the surgical treatment of choice for achalasia. Addition of an antireflux procedure is recommended to reduce the postoperative reflux. However, there is no consensus regarding the ideal antireflux procedure. In an earlier study we have shown that Angle of His accentuation (AOH) is similar to Dor fundopl...

Background and Aims Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with high short-term mortality. There is paucity of data about spectrum of neuroimaging abnormalities in brain in ACLF patients. Present study was aimed to study prevalence of cerebral edema and other parenchymal changes in MR imaging of brain in patients with ACLF. Methods In...

Lower rectal and anal cancers are distinct from neoplasms involving rest of the rectum. These are relatively difficult to manage owing to important relationships with the sphincter muscles. Involvement of the latter portends a poorer prognosis and increased chance of recurrence. Lymphatic drainage of these tumours is into the systemic circulation a...

Pediatric stomach and duodenum abnormalities constitute a unique spectrum of conditions unlike adults which are categorized broadly into congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic and miscellaneous conditions. The aim of this article is to describe the role of imaging modalities in gastric and duodenal pathology in children. Some of the entities are uniq...