Rajib Shaw

Keio University · Graduate School of Media and Governance

𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥__𝐟𝐨𝐫_𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲__𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤__𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 We (𝐈, 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐚𝐣𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐰, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟 𝐕𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐬 𝐊𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐫) are cordially inviting you to submit your quality chapter for our new upcoming edited book entitled “𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐙𝐞𝐫𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲" by 𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 . The deadline for full chapter 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥, 𝟑𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓...

The adaptation finance gap is widening as the impact of climate change grows more disruptive around the globe. Although progress in adaptation planning and implementation has been observed across all sectors and regions, this trend of a widening resource gap calls for more ‘effective’ climate adaptation projects. Therefore, the purpose of this pape...

The World Bank lists flooding as one of the main pressures on a community. Flooding can affect development prospects and potentially reverse decades of progress in the alleviation of poverty and in development. Flooding-related information usually involves many stakeholders, objects, and significant details. We examined linkage between the density...

In Bangladesh delta's coastal regions, tropical cyclones cause harm to rice crops growing on agricultural lands almost every year. Therefore, utilizing remote sensing (RS) and machine learning (ML) technologies, this study addressed cyclones as climate-induced extreme events (42%) caused the most damage and were determined to occur most frequently...

This study investigates the potential of Climate Transition Bonds as strategic financial instruments in promoting green transformations within Japan’s carbon-intensive sectors. Through a qualitative case study approach, we assess four prominent bond issuances—Japan Government Bonds, MUFG Bonds, TEPCO Bonds, and SMBC Bonds—focusing on their contribu...

On May 26, 2024, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Remal made a devastating landfall along the coastal regions of India and Bangladesh. The sequence of devastating events began with prevailing heatwaves, followed by the cyclone’s landfall and subsequent heavy rainfall coupled with early onset of monsoon led to floods, landslides, and the resurgence of hot spel...

This paper presents a literature review studying the impacts of climate change and heatwaves on public health and livelihoods, with a focus on India. As global climate change accelerates, heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense, necessitating new approaches to mitigate their effects on vulnerable populations, especially in urban areas. The...

In Kolkata, the elderly people represent 11.76% of the total population. Here we present new data on the aging population of Kolkata, and address its causes, and consequences. We interviewed 110 elderly male and female who are living with their family members and in old age homes in Kolkata. The data was collected from low, medium, and high-income...

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and rural development are intertwined fields essential for fostering resilient and sustainable communities. DRR focuses on mitigating the adverse impacts of natural and man-made disasters through proactive measures, including risk assessment, community preparedness, and the implementation of early warning systems. In r...

Agricultural production is constraining by disasters caused by climate change and natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, intense rain, and heat waves. Such events have put fragile agricultural ecosystems at risk. The agriculture sector plays a positive role in the Nepalese economy, contributing 27% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP),...

The digital engine of change has brought about many unprecedented opportunities and challenges, such as the digital divide between the haves and have-nots. The AI-based transformation will deepen the digital divide tragedy and accentuate urban–rural inequalities. As a countermeasure, it will be essential to devise digitally inclusive strategies to...

China has a vast rural population and a serious urban–rural divide. Discussion of the gender dimension is highly likely to be invisible but extremely important in rural resilience. The challenges faced by rural women in China are multifaceted: economic realities, educational level, social-culture norms, and so on. At the same time, in the twenty-fi...

This paper examines the profound impacts of climate change on health and lifestyles, particularly highlighting the increased risks of water and food insecurity, as well as the frequency of natural disasters. It underscores the critical role of sanitation in promoting societal resilience. Going beyond mere physical infrastructure, the paper advocate...

Poor waste management contributes to hordes of social problems and disasters like; climate change and air pollution which has direct implications for the sustainability of the ecosystem. The presence of such crises pushes our globalised community to contribute to nurturing innovative solutions for social recoveries reducing the risk of impending ma...

The sizable rural population of India frequently struggles with problems including poverty, subpar healthcare, education, and access to essential services. Social innovation has emerged as a powerful catalyst for addressing these challenges and driving positive change in rural India. There are numerous examples of non-governmental organizations (NG...

While on one hand there has been tremendous progress in new technologies, and social media over the past several years, application of these technologies for innovation in disaster management is still a challenge. There are immense scopes of making progress in technological innovation for promoting sustainable healthcare and disaster management. Th...

In Bangladesh's coastal regions, cyclones and floods have recently caused significant damage to agricultural land due to flooding. With 2.85 million ha of arable land and a total area of 47,201 km2, the Bangladesh delta is the most severely damaged coastal region among the South Asian countries, providing shelter and livelihood to 46 million people...

The world is becoming more complex and cascading, complex and systematic risk become more important over the years. We have seen new risks, and new types of hazards, not just natural hazards but biological, technological, radiological, nuclear, cyber etc. This has urged to think of all-hazards approach (AHA) as the core of complex risk management f...

During the last decade, the studies related to disaster risk management approaches have had a paradigm shift from looking at a single hazard risk at a time to an all-hazards approach wherein multiple complex hazard risks are dealt with comprehensively. This shift is more profoundly mentioned in Priority 1 of the post-2015 Sendai Framework for Disas...

The onset of COVID-19 has accelerated the digitalization process of governments and industries by three to four years. Digitalization aimed toward remote working and creating value for customers has increased dependence on IT networks, making them fallible to cyberattacks. World Economic Forum has listed cyber risk as critical in its “The Global Ri...

Natural Hazards Triggering Technological (Natech) Accidents are relatively rare. However, if they occur, the scale can be catastrophic, and the impact on the environment and economy can be enormous. In this research, the recognition and research progress of Natech accidents worldwide are reviewed, and regional differences in Europe, Asia, and the U...

What kinds of responses to various hazards are seen at the community level? In Japan, not only are responses to hazards complicated and intertwined with various ministries and agencies, but also, especially in the case of natural disasters, there is a widespread belief that “it’s a disaster, so it can’t be helped” even in the case of compound disas...

As the environment and the economy undergo rapid, multidimensional change, disruptive events are becoming more frequent, unexpected, and difficult to plan for. They are often generated by systemic risks with complex, unpredictable, ambiguous, and globalized repercussions, such as pandemics, cyberattacks, climate change, food security, and war, amon...

Disasters caused by natural hazards have become more frequent and intense in recent years, and these events are being exacerbated by climate change. As a result, the importance of disaster and climate risk education (DCRE) in building community resilience and preparedness all around the world has been increasingly recognised. Despite its significan...

Education serves as a cornerstone for gaining knowledge and taking initiative. However, despite efforts in disaster and climate risk education (DCRE), a gap often exists between awareness and meaningful action. To bridge this gap and promote a progression from awareness to empowerment, we offer the KIDA (Knowledge Interest Desire Action) framework....

In Japan, school plays a vital role in the community. A city is usually divided into school district, where school is the core of community. Regular joint disaster drills happen in school and school also has the community storage of disaster prevention goods (bousai shoko in Japanese). After the Kobe earthquake of 1995, the city of Kobe started Bou...

This chapter aims to investigate the factors influencing school personnel’s protective actions in relation to schools’ response to hazards, particularly focusing on the aftermath of Typhoon Odette (internationally known as Rai) in December 2021 in the Philippines. The research analyzes interview results from three schools affected by Typhoon Odette...

Risks and disasters alike from natural occurrences need decision-making processes that are well informed—coupled with a few other factors such as adoption of local knowledge and innovative approaches, as well as application. In China, local communities are seen to be instrumental in management of future and current disasters, as seen from their com...

This study aimed to assess the impact of climate change using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the adaptation strategies of communities, as measured by the Adaptation Strategy Index (ASI), among 120 households across six villages in Fulchari and Shaghata Upazilas of Gaibandha district in northern Bangladesh. The findings highlight chang...

In Japan, enhancing resilience towards disaster risk reduction (DRR) has primarily been interpreted as preparing the target population for risks within the built environment to mitigate the impact of the disasters. This approach has prioritized infrastructural safety as the prime focus of disaster management, reflecting societal needs of Japan to s...

The Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing (JISRS) is currently accepting submissions for a special issue focused on Integrating AI and Earth Observation Data for Disaster Risk Reduction. This issue aims to explore innovative research at the intersection of AI, remote sensing, and disaster management. We invite contributions in the form o...

This chapter describes the unique approaches of the Smart City Mission program developed and implemented by India for urban renewal and revitalization. The India Smart City Mission program is a nationwide scheme designed to create urban sustainability launched by the Government of India in 2015 and supervised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Af...

This chapter continues the review of the literature on describing soft assets and approaches to value creation used in the private sector. It also examines how soft assets are evaluated in previous research and explains how five soft asset capital components and nine key core value creation elements can be used to develop a qualitative tool to iden...

This chapter set out a comparative case analysis of how soft assets are evaluated and used in projects by the case study cities (Bhubaneswar and Nagpur) between the proposal stage and implementation stage, including desktop analysis, data review and in-person interviews. In addition, nodes which influence the creation of value and the actual action...

The value creation process is a key mechanism using technology which enhances ‘smartness’ to build resilience and sustainability. Combining the literature review with the analysis of the survey results of this research, a key additional finding is that the value creation process is complex, evolutional and occurs across several city dimensions and...

This chapter examines and summarizes the previous literature and research about how soft assets have been effectively integrated by cities to build smart resilient cities to achieve, sustainable development outcomes. The way soft assets are managed in city development can result in maximum impact in the long term and become the foundation of qualit...

Due to climate change, there is an increasing risk to communities from urban floods especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Massive impacts of flooding can influence the damage cost of infrastructure as well. Furthermore, numerous literature reviews mentioned that the importance of blue-green infrastructure in disaster risk reduction has...

The concept of disaster risk governance has evolved in line with international trends in the face of various challenges, such as sustainable development, climate change, and urbanization. Nepal, a country prone to natural disasters, has a history of disaster risk governance. The 2015 Earthquake caused extensive damage, but disaster risk governance...

In post-COVID-19, the world is going through an uncertain geo-political era with wars between Russia and Ukraine as well as Palestine and Israel, apart from different other conflicts (both internal and external) globally. WEF (2023) found that the critical risks in 2023 would be “energy supply crisis,” “rising inflation,” and “food supply crisis.”...

In the dynamic of the global energy landscape, the pivotal forces shaping societal energy consumption emanate from fossil fuels, which are the foremost elements that define our current energy paradigm. Over the last few decades, the adverse effects of dependence on sources such as oil and gas derived from fossil fuels have not only upset the balanc...

Japan started its nuclear energy journey through establishment of three laws in 1955: In December 1955: Atomic Energy Basic Law, Law for Establishment of Atomic Energy Commission, and Law for Establishment of Atomic Energy Bureau. In June 1957, the Law Concerning Regulation of Nuclear Source Materials, Nuclear Fuel Materials, and Nuclear Reactors,...

Japan is prone to different disasters and the country has learnt from the past disaster impacts. There are three major phases of disaster risk reduction (DRR): 1.0 (after Ise-wan typhoon of 1959), 2.0 (after the Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake), and 3.0 (after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami). The impact of East Japan Earthquake on resil...

The important critical infrastructure's disruptions are a drag on economies, in which the power sector has caused the greatest economic loss. The data show that the loss of utilization due to power, water supply and transportation interruption is as high as 151 billion dollars each year. At present, China has built six cross-regional power grids an...

The future of energy infrastructure goes towards a sustainable and resilient pathway. Sustainable energy infrastructure should be clean, affordable, and acceptable. The global commitment to tackle climate change requires clean energy sources which should maintain affordability to ensure access for the entire population. The technologies need to als...

Various initiatives are underway around the world to utilize hydrogen technology, and this was an important topic at the G20 Energy Ministerial Meeting held in India in 2023, where the “G20 High Level Voluntary Principles on Hydrogen” were published as an annex to promote international cooperation on hydrogen. The United States and the European Uni...

Disaster risk reduction and resilience building have been part of the development framework as well as climate change agreements. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) focused on resilience building as well as resilient infrastructures and critical infrastructures in its recent review, including Sendai Framework. Energy sector i...

The repercussions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have expanded far beyond public health crisis, affecting the solid waste management system. The countermeasures to curb virus transmission have caused a major shift in waste generation pattern and composition. As a response, governments and international entities around the world – including Indone...

Advancements in earth observation (EO) technology have greatly influenced disaster research over the last two decades. The present manuscript aims to understand the role of multi-sourced EO data in monitoring and assessing the recent tropical cyclone (TC) Remal. Cyclone Remal, which originated over the northern part of the Bay of Bengal, made a cat...

Disasters, like floods, storms, droughts, wildfires, and landslides, are becoming increasingly common and unexpected as a result of the rapid environmental and socioeconomic changes occurring at several levels, exacerbated by the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. These disasters often result from systemic risk that outperform traditional ris...

XR (Cross Reality) is a generic term for virtual space technology that merges the real world and virtual world to enable users to perceive things that do not exist in reality. Currently, the field of XR (AR/VR/MR, etc.) is evolving rapidly, with many companies around the world competing to develop both the hardware and software. This chapter explor...

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) significantly contribute to Indian economy, and they provide livelihoods of the largest numbers of people. Climate change, disasters and other socio-economic and well as geo-political risks pose significant threats to the MSMEs, especially to those enterprises in the informal sector. In this study, vulner...

Human stress is naturally influenced by the environment. Changes in the environment in which people live will directly lead to changes in the causes of stress. Stress has a strong link of urbanization. Due to urbanization, and lack of green spaces, the sports or outdoor activities are often restricted. This is same both in Japan and India. During C...

India Japan Laboratory of Keio University in Japan was initiated in November 2019. The year 2023, the fourth year for conducting India Class, saw the registered number of the students swelled to 180 from 115 in 2020. Every year since 2020, India Class has offered learning opportunities about India and Japan-India bilateral relationship via online m...

As India and Japan ink their relationship from a global partnership to an indispensable partnership, the people-to-people exchange gains momentum. Youth, a significant segment, play a vital role as they build and enhance the capacity of a nation and contribute to the future trajectory. Education can act as a catalyst for diplomatic relations by cre...

India and Japan have incentive to deepen their cooperation in the hydrogen field because Indian government is trying to actively in implementing hydrogen in society, Japan has already developed technologies in significant areas for India, India has a high R&D (research and development) capability and has a very structured roadmap for R&D in the hyd...

In the Indo-Pacific region, around two-thirds of the ocean lies in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJs), home to unique species and habitats critical to marine biodiversity. The biodiversity in ABNJ is in peril due to a patchwork of legislative frameworks. The loss of biodiversity in ABNJ impacts the ocean’s ability to withstand climate chang...

Global climate change poses many threats, significantly impacting crop productivity and food security. Digitalization in agriculture is envisioned to address the multi-faceted problems the agricultural sector faces, such as eliminating information asymmetry amongst diverse stakeholders, lowering operational and transaction costs, improving market a...

The application of big data in early warning systems (EWS) for multi-hazard risk management is becoming increasingly popular due to its enormous potential. Nevertheless, despite noteworthy achievements, there are still several enduring obstacles. This study aims to evaluate the advantages and difficulties through a comprehensive SWOT (strengths, we...

While pre-disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and mitigation measures are important, disaster events often provide a window to development. They can allow learning from the response efforts, impacts, and recovery processes, which can improve overall development resilience and guide future risk-informed education programmes. This study offers an...

Scientists predict ongoing global climate change to trigger adverse events affecting about 143 million people in the Global South by 2050, leading to various forms of migration and mobility. While existing literature extensively examines climate-induced migration, there is a lack of studies considering the compounding impacts of multiple climate ha...

This empirical study on the business strategies and resilience of 25 rural women entrepreneurs who had no prior experience in doing business. Semi-structured interview of 25 women entrepreneurs of the Leuva Patel community in five villages in northern Gujarat was held face-to-face with the interviewees in Gujarati during February-March 2023 to eval...

Disasters affect multiple sectors; therefore, the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts becomes increasingly apparent. The session “Transdisciplinary Approach: Toward Innovative Recovery and Disaster Risk Reduction” aimed to explore the importance and need for a transdisciplinary approach toward advancing disaster risk reduction and...

Encyclopedia of Disaster Risk Reduction Last Date of Submission of Chapter Details: 30 September, 2024 Call for Chapter for Springer’s prestigious Major Reference Works (MRW) Collection publishing program known as Springer Reference In order to facilitate Meteor Link (online submission and review platform) we need the following details from you....

Global climate change poses many threats, with significant consequences for crop productivity and food security. The agricultural sectors in India and Japan face multiple problems, such as pre-harvest problems (volatility in input prices), post-harvest and supply chain issues in India, and labor shortages, the aging workforce, and the increase in t...

Tropical cyclones strike massive devastation of agricultural crops in South Asian countries practically every year. For assessing impacts on primary land use and land cover (LULC) classes of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh, this study utilized the Landsat-8 image dataset to compute change detection indices of a consistent cyclone landfall period...

This research will be conducted on flood hazard mapping using satellite remote sensing and GIS to determine the most affected land use and land cover (LULC) through hazard mapping by satellite remote sensing and GIS to identify the proportion of storm surge-induced coastal flood risks caused by cyclones. So, this stage will map the cyclone by four...

Human-environment interaction has been there from the very inception of human existence. While the world has experienced different geological and hydro-meteorological hazards over the years, including the prolonged climate change impacts, human activities have affected significantly the surface environment including stresses on ecological resources...

This chapter deals with the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) and its impact on the flood-prone drainage basin of River Swat, Eastern Hindukush. In the study area (Swat River Basin), the population is increasing at a rapid pace and there is a consistent change in LULC. Swat River Basin is famous for eco-tourism and falls in the...

The MeKong Delta has experienced a lot of impacts of climate change; however, ongoing solutions have mainly focused on the approach of minimization with priority of irrigation works but their results have been limited, and work of response is still passive. Therefore, in order to proactively adapt to climate change is necessary to have a more reaso...

Human-surface environment interaction refers to how humans interact with the environment to fulfill their requirements and how the environment responds to these interactions. Tectonic and climatic forces, when combined with the action of wind, water, glacier, and ocean currents on the Earth’s surface, landforms evolve. Understanding the surface pro...

South Asian countries face a disproportionate impact from disasters due to their unique topography, poverty, low literacy rates, and socio-economic status. Human activities, such as unplanned urbanization and poorly designed rural road networks, have further contributed to disasters in the region. The article explores the potential of nature-based...

Policy interventions for resilience and adaptation at the local government level is challenging for many reasons, like national policy making scheme in most cases, lack of resources, changes in risk landscape, etc. One of the key issues in recent years is the emergence of new risks such as global pandemic, digital divide and digital power concentra...

Tokyo has witnessed rapid growth and dramatic socio-economic transformation in the last half-century. The most remarkable changes in land use have taken place in suburban municipalities, where agricultural and natural land continue to be converted to residential and industrial uses, often without comprehensive planning. This chapter qualitatively e...

Metropolitan areas typically experience urban sprawl, but some are actually beginning to face population declines, at the same time as planners have also been promoting the transition to compact cities with the goal of creating healthy cities. With all these changes, gaps in food supply and demand can emerge, as evidenced in Japan by the withdrawal...

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters worldwide. Apart from rainfall, Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes too are a main contributory factor for floods. This study attempted to understand the link between floods and LULC changes in Kalu river basin, which is the second largest river basin and an area that experiences recurrent floods i...

Restrictions and other stringent countermeasures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have wreaked havoc on many enterprises over the past few years. The effect on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is believed to be far-reaching. In most countries, the MSME sector provides the maximum number of jobs, and its resilience is core to the livelihood...

Natural hazard-prone countries in the global south adopted an anticipatory-preparedness approach in disaster risk reduction (DRR) by shifting away from the response and rehabilitation approach. It was highly associated with the policy recommendations of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) framework. Nevertheless, challenge...

This research was conducted to analyze integration disaster education strategies in elementary schools located in disaster-prone areas. This research is qualitative research using descriptive design. This research used interview instrument in data collection. The respondents were 23 elementary school teachers in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yo...

This book aims to contribute to the discourse on climate crisis by bringing together high-quality empirical research on adaptive approaches and sustainability case studies from across the world. The book is divided into six sections. The introductory section has two chapters which sets the ground of the book as it discusses the framing of climate c...