Rajeev Jindal

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar | NITJ · Department of Chemistry

In this study, the natural polysaccharides chitosan and guar gum-based hydrogel crosslinked with glyoxal was synthesized to examine the efcacy of organic dye removal by adsorption. The maximum swelling capacity of 815% was achieved by optimization studies. The synthesis of hydrogel was proved by the analyses involving XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and EDS t...

Because of environmental concerns such as waste accumulation, destruction, and the inevitable depletion of fossil resources, there has been a great focus on biorenewable and sustainable resources. Because of their superior features, such as ease of production, higher mechanical qualities, high thermal stability, and low environmental impact, bioren...

Controlled release drug delivery systems have traditionally been regarded as useful devices in the treatment of a variety of disorders. The objective of the present study is the optimization and thermal behavior of graphene oxide (GO) incorporated chitosan (CH) and sodium alginate (ALG)-based nanocomposite. Various reaction parameters such as tempe...

Hydrogels with high scientific interest and numerous applications have become the most important materials. Currently, natural polymer-based hydrogels are more preferred than synthetic ones because of their biocompatibility and ecofriendly nature. In 1960 first-time hydrogels were reported, and they are defined as three-dimensional high molecular w...

The objective of this study was to develop an eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and efficient adsorbent using kappa‐carrageenan (KCG) and tamarind kernel powder (TKP) based cross‐linked 3‐D network hydrogel. The equilibrium swelling capacity of 1429% was achieved by optimization studies. The KCG/TKP hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infra...

The objective of the study is to enhance the aqueous solubility and stability of edaravone, a free radical scavenger drug. Inclusion complexes of edaravone with β-cyclodextrin were prepared by microwave irradiation and physical mixture method and confirmation of inclusion complexes were investigated by different analytical techniques such as FT-IR,...

The present research reported in air synthesis and optimization of the natural polysaccharide-based hydrogel of kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and tamarind kernel powder (TKP) by using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinker. Temperature, time, the ratio of backbones, amount of solvent, concentration of crosslinker, and pH were considered as process variab...

Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a bronchodilator used to cure respiratory problems. With a view to improve drug solubility, therapeutic index, stability and controlled drug delivery of Theophylline, the Host–Guest, solid inclusion compounds of Theophylline and beta-cyclodextrin were prepared through traditional methods and micr...

The aim of present work to prepare inclusion complexes of amlodipine besylate (APB) drug and β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) by microwave and kneading method for sustain release of drug. Microwave irradiation completes the process in very short time and is more environmentally benevolent method. The complexation of APB with β-CD was characterized by 1 H N...

In this article, gum copal‐collagen hybrid based interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) [(GcA‐coll)‐cl‐poly(AAm‐ip‐AA)] has been used as a green adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from waste water. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 9 h and pseudo‐second‐order model was found to be the closest fit to the kinetic adsorption data. F...

The present paper is focused on the synthesis and optimization of a green PVA-co-poly(MAA) adsorbent by free radical polymerization using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate as a cross-linker–initiator system. The surface morphology and structural properties were studied by the techniques such as FTIR, FESEM and XRD. The synthes...

Present work focused on synthesis of green hydrogel polymer of gum rosin alcohol/psyllium crosslinked poly (acrylic acid) [(GrA-Psy)-cl-PAA] under vacuum condition. Use of both psyllium and gum rosin alcohols as backbones could lessen the burden on the environment, as more natural aspect is drawn in the hydrogel polymer. The various reaction parame...

Present study explored the swelling behavior, biodegradability and flocculation efficiency of hydrogel polymer based on renewable backbones‐psyllium and gum rosin. Swelling studies revealed that the polymer sample exhibit pH and temperature‐dependent swelling behavior. The polymer sample was assessed for its flocculation efficiency by optimizing th...

In the present study, monodispersed silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by sol–gel method. To enhance the properties like surface roughness, surface area, and percentage swelling, the SNPs were incorporated into the hydrogel Gelatin and Psyllium to synthesize a nanocomposite material. The percentage of swelling was optimized by varying dif...

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a vitamin synthesized for dietary supplementation andmedication. In order to improve dissolution, bioavailability and sustained release of Thiamine, we prepared Thiamine hydrochloride (TH) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) host-guest solid inclusion complexes by microwave irradiation and studied the chemical charac...

The purpose of the present study is to synthesise a self assembled nanocomposite by incorporating GO nanosheets into the polymer network of carboxy methyl cellulose and chitosan without using any initiator and cross-linker system. By incorporation of GO nanosheets, a great enhancement in various properties likes surface roughness, percentage swelli...

The present work reported the synthesis of pH-responsive hybrid polymer network (HPN) of chitosan and gelatine by using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Diferent reaction parameters like backbone ratio, amount of solvent, pH, the time, the temperature of reaction mixture and concentration of cross-linker were optimized with response surface method...

In the present study, the synthesis of novel semi‐interpenetrating network (Semi‐IPN) hydrogel based on gum rosin alcohol‐psyllium (GrA‐Psy) has been reported. (Gum rosin alcohol‐psyllium)‐crosslinked‐poly(acrylic acid) [termed as (GrA‐Psy)‐cl‐poly (AA)] was synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator and N, N′−methylene‐bis‐acryl...

In this research paper, we describe a study on the inclusion complex formation between Metformin hydrochloride (MF) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in order to improve the sustained release, dissolution and oral bioavailability of the drug MF. Metformin hydrochloride is a drug used for treating non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and for polycysti...

The present study reported the synthesis of novel organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite by incorporating tin (IV) based ion exchanger into the hybrid polymer network of chitosan and gelatin prepared under vacuum for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions and toxic dyes from an aqueous fluid. The physicochemical studies such as ion exchange capa...

The present work reports the comparison study of Chitosan-Gelatin based hydrogels with their nanocomposite ion exchangers synthesized under microwave conditions for the adsorption and photodegradation of the cationic dyes. In this report, the hydrogel based on Chitosan-Gelatin, more selective for anionic dyes is modified to nanocomposite ion exchan...

In order to utilize drugs to maximum and to minimize their adverse effects on human health we have used crosslinked graft co-polymer of natural gum polysaccharide i.e. Gum dammar (Gd) and acrylamide i.e. Gd-cl-poly(AAm) and its organo-inorganic hydrogel composite with zirconium (i.e. ZHC) for sustained release of atenolol drug. Swelling kinetics of...

Present work reports the synthesis of Chitosan-Gelatin @ zirconium (IV) selenophosphate nanocomposite (CH-GEL/ZSPNC) ion exchanger. CH-GEL/ZSPNC was characterized by different characterization techniques using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic...

The morphological modification of Trapa natans starch was done by grafting the methylmethacrylate (EMA) using ferrous ammonium sulphate‑potassium persulphate as a redox initiator. Different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, time, monomer concentration, pH and solvent were optimized to get maximum graft yield (56%). The graft copolym...

The present research work was aimed at the use of pre-synthesized Gum Dammar and poly(AAm)-based polymeric networks (hydrogel) and zirconium-based Gd-cl-poly(AAm)-ZIO organo-inorganic hybrid networks (ion exchanger) for in situ release of metformin hydrochloride under different pH conditions such as 4.0, 7.0 and 9.2 at 37 °C. Further biodegradation...

The present study proposes the synthesis and optimization of a hybrid polymer network, consisting of chitosan, gelatine cross-linked by glutaraldehyde under microwave conditions. Backbone ratio, amount of solvent, pH, time and concentration of crosslinker are taken as process variables and optimized with RSM in order to maximize the percentage swel...

A novel interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) [(GcA-coll)-cl-poly (AAm-ip-AA)] hydrogel has been synthesized by free radical polymerization of (gum copal alcohols-collagen) backbone using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator, N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, acrylamide (AAm) as primary monomer and acrylic acid (AA) as seco...

In the recent study, microwave induced novel interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogel based on gum copal‐collagen (GcA‐coll) has been reported for the efficient removal of malachite green dye from the waste water. The IPN [(GcA‐coll)‐cl‐poly (AAm‐ip‐AA)] was synthesized using potassium persulfate (KPS)—N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) a...

Gum Dammar and zirconium (IV) Iodooxalate [Gd-cl-poly (AAm)-Zr (IV) Iodooxalate] composite ion exchanger was prepared by incorporating inorganic precipitates of zirconium (IV) iodooxalate into polymeric mixture under vacuum conditions. The polymeric mixture (hydrogel) was prepared using gum Dammar (Gd), acrylamide (AAm) as monomer, N,N′-methylene-b...

In the present study, the flocculation behavior of crosslinked copolymer GrA-cl-poly(AAm) hydrogel has been studied for the removal of turbidity from waste water. Sodium borohydride has been used for the reduction of the Gum rosin acids by which it gets converted into rosin alcohols. The reduced Gum rosin alcohol was crosslinked by the use of MBA a...

Biodegradable hydrogel based on xanthan gum graft co-polymerized with polyacrylic acid was fabricated by free radical polymerization in presence of microwave radiations and its potential utility as bactericidal agent along with controlled agro-chemical release device was explored. The biodegradability was tested using soil burial method and it has...

Present work is concerned with synthesis of semi-interpenetrating network based on Gum xanthan graft co-polymerized with polyacrylic acid in presence of glutaraldehyde-ammonium persulfate as cross linker-initiator system. Different reaction parameters were optimized in order to incorporate maximum fluid uptake efficacy. Further the sample is irradi...

In the present work, we have prepared the iron oxide nanoparticles with and without surfactant and characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and VSM. The presynthesized nanoparticles were embedded in the Gum rosin-acrylamide copolymer matrix. Polymer matrix which is basically a hydrogel was prepared by a free radical mechanism using potassium persulpha...

A crosslinked interpenetrating network based on gum xanthan was produced in the presence of gamma radiation and its potential as controlled release fertilizer was evaluated. Different process parameters such as gamma radiation dose, solvent amount, crosslinker and monomer concentrations were optimized to determine the maximum fluid uptake capacity...

A systematic method was employed to synthesize organic-inorganic based hybrid ion-exchanger for the removal of rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution. Ion exchange capacity of the hybrid ion exchanger was found to be 2.4 meq/g. The morphology, chemical structure and elemental analysis of the synthesized hybrid ion exchanger were investigated by SEM,...

A pioneer study has been conducted to synthesize novel hydrogel starting from a non-cellulosic raw material, gum dammar-a triterpenoidal system, and then converting this hydrogel into an organic–inorganic composite zirconium-based ion exchanger. Gum dammar was cross-linked with polyacrylamide zirconium (IV) iodo-oxalate [Gd-cl-poly(AAm)-Zr (IV) iod...

Present work reports the under pressure preparation of reduced gum rosin and acrylamide-based GrA-cl-poly(AAm) green flocculant. Characterization of the synthesized product was carried out by different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, several variable...

The speeds of sound measurements are carried out for investigating the interactions of glycine, l-alanine, and l-valine in \((0.2, 0.4, 0.6, \hbox { and } 0.8)\hbox { mol}{\cdot }\hbox {kg}^{-1}\) solutions of triammonium citrate (TAC) at \(T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, \hbox { and } 318.15)\hbox { K}\). The speeds of sound values were used to deter...

Modification of natural polymers like protein by graft co-polymerization is an important method to incorporate the desired properties into the backbone. Soy protein concentrate (SPC) was grafted with ethylmethacrylate (EMA) using ascorbic acid /potassium persulphate as redox initiator system under pressure. Different reaction parameters such as rea...

Densities and speeds of sound of l-serine and l-threonine in aqueous solutions of trilithium citrate have been measured at T = 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The apparent molar volume (Vϕ), the partial molar volume (Vϕ0) and standard partial molar volumes of transfer (ΔVϕ0) for amino acids from water to aqueous trilit...

The present paper is focused on the synthesis of a green GrA-cl-poly(AAm) adsorbent using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate as a crosslinker–initiator system. The synthesized adsorbent was found to remove 83% of the toxic malachite green dye from aqueous waste water. Kinetic studies of the adsorption of the dye on the adsorben...

Viscosities, η, of aliphatic amino acids glycine, l-alanine, and l-valine and hydroxyl amino acids l-serine and l-threonine in (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) mol·kg− 1 aqueous trilithium citrate solutions at temperatures T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K have been measured as a function of molality of amino acids. The Jones–Dole equation and tra...

The adsorption of crude oil from aqueous solution was carried out using a Gum tragacanth-acrylic acid based hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel was characterized using TGA/DTA/DTG techniques. Effect of pH, contact time, acrylic acid, and glutaraldehyde concentration for the adsorption of oil from aqueous solution was measured. Maximum crude oil adsorpt...

The viscosities, η of glycine (Gly), l-alanine (Ala), and l-valine (Val) with triammonium citrate have been measured as a function of temperature at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. The change in viscosity of amino acids with increase in triammonium citrate concentration and temperature is attributed to amino acid-triammonium citrate inte...

The interactions of glycine (Gly), l-alanine (Ala), l-valine (Val) and l-Leucine (Leu) with drug amoxicillin (AMX) as a function of temperature have been investigated by combination of volumetric and acoustic measurements. Densities and speeds of sound of amino acids in aqueous solutions of amoxicillin have been measured at T = (305.15, 310.15 and...

Solute-solvent interaction of the mixtures containing dipeptides of glycine i.e. glycyl-glycine and glycyl-L-leucine with aqueous solutions of antibacterial drug amoxicillin have been studied with the help of density and speeds of sound measurements at T= (305.15, 310.15, and 315.315) K. Apparent molar properties like apparent molar volume, apparen...

The present study proposes the development and optimization of a new interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), consisting of Gum tragacanth, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm), for the in situ controlled release of losartan potassium under different pH conditions at 37 C. Solvent amount and monomer concentration were chosen as the...

The present study envisaged the development and optimization of new interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) constituting of Gum tragacanth, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) for in situ controlled release of losartan potassium under different pH conditions at 370C. Amount of Solvent and monomer concentration were chosen as process...

The interactions of amino acids glycine, l-alanine and l-valine with sodium dihydrogen phosphate as a function of temperature have been investigated by the combination of volumetric and acoustic measurements. Densities and speeds of sound of amino acids in aqueous solutions of sodium dihydrogen phosphate have been measured at T = 288.15, 293.15, 29...

The interactions of amino adds glycine (Gly),L-alanine (Ala), and L-valine (Val) with trilithium citrate (TLC) as a function of temperature have been investigated by combination of volumetric and acoustic measurements. Densities and speeds of sound of amino acids in aqueous solutions of trilithium citrate have been measured at T = (288.15, 298.15,...

In this work, natural polymer was used as matrix for preparing hydrogel to improve the performance of the material in biomedical sector. Gum tragacanth and acrylic acid [Gt-cl-poly(AA)] based hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of natural Gum tragacanth with acrylic acid using ascorbic acid–potassium persulfate as an initiator and gluta...

The interactions of amino acids glycine (Gly), l-alanine (Ala), and l-valine (Val) with disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP) as a function of temperature have been investigated by combination of volumetric and acoustic measurements. Densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) of amino acids in aqueous solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate have been meas...

The viscosities, η of glycine, l-alanine, and l-valine with trisodium citrate (TSC) have been measured as a function of temperature at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. The change in viscosity of amino acids with increase in TSC concentration and temperature is attributed to amino acids–TSC interactions. The viscosity B coefficients and vi...

A novel cross-linked hydrogel has been synthesized through graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto Gum tragacanth, in the presence of ascorbic acid–potassium persulphate as an initiator. Characterization of the synthesized hydrogel was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential thermogravi...

This research paper deals with the comparative study of different reaction conditions i.e., in-air, under the influence of microwave radiations and under pressure on the thermal, physico-chemical and graft co-polymerization of acrylamide onto Gum ghatti-based hydrogels using potassium persulphate-ascorbic acid as a redox initiator and N,N'-methylen...

Densities, rho, and speed of sound, u for glycine, L-alanine and L-valine in (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) mol . kg(-1) aqueous solutions of trisodium citrate at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K have been measured. The different parameters such as apparent molar volume, limiting apparent molar volume, transfer volume, have been derived from den...

The viscosities, ƞ of l-alanyl-l-alanine (Ala-Ala), l-alanyl-l-valine (Ala-Val), l-alanyl-l-leucine (Ala-Leu) with drug ampicillin (AMP) have been measured as a function of temperature at T = (305.15, 310.15 and 315.15) K. The change in viscosity of dipeptides with increase in AMP concentration and temperature is attributed to dipeptide–AMP interac...

A simple method for the preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from bitumen waste and their derivatisation with polyacrylamide was achieved. Synthesised CNTs were functionalised in the presence of dilute nitric acid followed by derivatisation with polyacrylamide using the mixture of potassium persulphate-ferrous ammonium sulphate as a redox initiat...

Enzyme lipase catalyzed graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto gum tragacanth was carried out in an aqueous medium using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker, one more step towards green chemistry. Various reaction variables such as time, amount of solvent, temperature, pH, lipase concentration, and monomer and cross-linker concentrations were opt...

This research paper deals with the in vacuo synthesis of pH- and temperaturesensitive hydrogels of xanthan gum with different vinyl monomer mixtures such as acrylamide-co-acrylic acid (AAm-co-AA), acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile (AAmco-AN), and acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid (AAm-co-MAA), keeping acrylamide as the principal monomer. Different optimised...

Densities of glycine, l-alanine, and l-valine in 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mol kg−1 solutions of triammonium citrate have been measured at T = 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 315.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The density values were used to determine the apparent molar volume (\( V_{\text{B}}^{\text{app}} \)), the partial molar volume (\( V_{\text{B}}^{0...

A series of pH, temperature, and electrical stimulus sensitive novel hydrogels of Gum ghatti (Gg) with vinyl monomer mixtures of acrylamide (AAm) with acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile (AN), and methacrylic acid (MAA) using potassium persulphate-ascorbic acid redox pair as an initiator and N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker was syn...

In this research article, the synthesis of Gum ghatti and acrylamide based superabsorbents under pressure with N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and an ascorbic acid–potassium persulfate redox pair as an initiator is reported. To study the impact of the different reaction variables on the water absorbance of the candidate polymer, diffe...

The present research work was aimed at the development and optimization of a Gum tragacanth-acrylic acid based hydrogel for in situ release of cetirizine dihydrochloride under different pH conditions such as 2.0, 7.0 and 9.2 at 37 °C. Various process variables like solvent, temperature, pH, treatment time, initiator molar ratio, concentration of mo...

Grafting of methylmethacrylate (MMA) with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), and acrylic acid (AA) in binary mixtures onto Saccharum spontaneum L (Ss), was carried out under microwave radiation (MW). The maximum graft yield (88.9%) was found with AAm binary mixture. Synthesized graft co-polymers were characterized with FT-IR, scanning electron m...

The main objective of this research work is to synthesize crosslinked hydrogel from xanthan gum and acrylamide under the influence of microwave radiations by graft polymerization technique in presence of potassium persulphate-N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as initiator-crosslinker system. Different reaction parameters such as reaction time, pH, solv...

Synthesis of graft copolymer under the influence of microwave radiation is a rapid, efficient, clean, cheap, convenient, energy-saving, and green method. Grafting of methylmethacrylate (MMA) + acrylamide (AAm), MMA + acrylonitrile (AN), and MMA + acrylic acid (AA) binary mixtures onto acetylated Saccharum spontaneum L was carried out under the infl...

Soy protein concentrate was grafted with ethylmethacrylate using ascorbic acid/potassium persulphate as a redox initiator. Different reaction parameters, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, solvent amount, initiator ratio, and pH, and monomer concentration were optimized to get maximum graft yield (134.12%). The graft copolymer formed was...

Graft copolymerization of ethylmethacrylate (EMA) onto soy protein concentrate (SPC) was carried-out using ascorbic acid/potassium persulphate as redox initiator under microwave radiations. Different reaction parameters like reaction time, solvent amount, initiator ratio, pH and monomer concentration were optimized to get maximum graft yield (78.8%...

The increasing amount of synthetic polymers above the permissible limits is causing a lot of environmental pollution and is one of the greatest threats to the modern world. There is a growing demand for biodegradable polymeric materials derived from nature and is being seen as a solution for solid waste management. Biodegradable materials have been...

Removal of water from the crude petroleum during its extraction and refining process is one of the major problems faced by petroleum industries, so in this study a superabsorbent has been synthesized from Psyllium and acrylic acid based polymers under the influence of gamma radiations using hexamine as a crosslinker. After optimizing various reacti...

In this paper, green composites of the corn starch were developed by using resorcinol-formaldehyde (Rf) as the cross-linking agent and reinforced with graft copolymers Saccharaum spontaneum L(Ss) and methyl methacrylates (MMA) as principal monomer and its binary mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid (AA) prepared under micr...

In this paper, corn starch based green composites reinforced with graft copolymers of Saccharum spontaneum L. (Ss) fiber and methyl methacrylates (MMA) and its mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA) were prepared. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (Rf) was used as the cross-linking agent in corn starch matrix and different physi...

A mixture of acrylamide (AAm) and methacrylic acid (MAA) was crosslinked onto Gum ghatti (Gg) using N, N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ascorbic acid (ABC) and potassium persulphate (KPS) redox pair as an initiator. Optimized reaction parameters for the graft copolymerization of Gum ghatti with AAm were time (min)=90; temperat...

This research paper deals with the graft copolymerization of mixtures of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylonitrile (AN) with Gum ghatti (Gg) using ascorbic acid (ABC) and potassium persulphate (KPS) redox pair as an initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as an initiator via free radical graft copolymerization technique. Initially, effect of the...