Raffard stéphane

Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier · Département de Psychologie

Résumé. La communication présente le modèle Dynamique et Ecosystémique d'Adaptation par Allostasie, un cadre dédié à la planification d’interventions en Santé Globale mettant l’emphase sur l'adaptation fonctionnelle des acteurs et des organisations en symbiose avec leur écosystème. Une méthodologie alignée sur le protocole d'Intervention Mapping e...

Cognitive offloading refers to the use of physical action and the external environment to simplify mental demand. One form of this – intention offloading – involves the use of external reminders to support delayed intentions. Both beliefs of poor memory ability and a preference to avoid cognitive effort lead to offloading intentions rather than usi...

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia often exhibit social interaction deficits, which can affect their ability to engage effectively with others. Emotional processes, such as emotional contagion (the transfer of emotion between individuals) and emotional mimicry (the imitation of emotional expressions), are crucial for enhancing the quality o...

Résumé Objectif Il existe peu d'outils capables de mesurer le rétablissement des individus présentant des troubles mentaux en tenant compte des différentes dimensions du rétablissement. Cependant, le rétablissement englobe plusieurs objectifs au niveau de l'autonomie, des relations interpersonnelles positives, de la santé mentale et physique, de l...

Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia encounter significant challenges in their daily social interactions. These deficits emphasize neurocognitive disabilities, impaired social cognition, and stigma. However, social presentation especially public perception of patients’ social behavior has been poorly studied to date in this mental disorder desp...

Affiliation is both an antecedent and a consequence of emotional mimicry (i.e., imitating a counterpart’s emotional expression). Thus, interacting with a disliked partner can decrease emotional mimicry, which in turn can further decrease liking. This perpetuating circle has not been investigated in the context of mental health stigma yet. The prese...

Addressing health challenges that impact human well-being requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that would be at the crossroad of population-based prevention and individual-level clinical care, which is in line with a Global Health perspective. In the absence of a unifying theoretical framework to guide such interventions, a Dynamic...

Individuals with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia may be more vulnerable during pandemics, but research on this topic is limited. This study examined COVID-19 impact on a population affected by schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Levels of psychological distress and COVID-19-related behaviours, from the Covid-related Thoughts and B...

Objective Decision-making capacity for treatment is impaired in schizophrenia but it remains unknown if schizophrenia affects distinct decision-making capacities differently. Methods In this study, we assessed concomitantly two decision-making capacities (i.e., antipsychotic treatment and COVID-19 vaccination) in 27 schizophrenia patients. Sociode...

Abstract Objective: Fatigue catastrophizing is the tendency to engage in negative thinking and evaluative patterns towards experienced fatigue. A number of studies consistently support the significant role of fatigue catastrophizing in perpetuating symptoms of fatigue but no tool has yet been validated. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the psy...

La littérature publiée antérieurement rapporte que les faux souvenirs ou les problèmes de mémoire peuvent se retrouver chez les personnes ayant de forts traits de personnalité schizotypique. Cependant, les conclusions de ces études se fondaient exclusivement sur de l’information obtenue verbalement. Pour donner suite aux recherches antérieures, la...

Résumé Les troubles cognitifs sont désormais bien connus dans la schizophrénie mais leur évolution au cours du vieillissement demeurent peu décrits. Les études montrent que les troubles cognitifs présents chez 80% des sujets adultes sont des prédicteurs importants du fonctionnement en vie quotidienne. Dans une perspective vie entière, ils sont évi...

Abstract Objectives: The COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms (Cov-Tabs) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to identify the presence of psychological distress and anxiety-related behavior associated with COVID-19. This scale has been used since the first episodes of mass contamination of COVID-19 disease in the USA without psycho...

Objective: Executive impairments are frequent and may concern a large spectrum of health conditions throughout life. Given the complexity of the executive functions, their assessment requires the administration of multiple tests. There is only one source of French-language normative data for seven traditional executive tests for adults under age 5...

Objective Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that encourages clinicians to base their practice on evidence to improve the quality of patient care and reduce uncertainty in their clinical decisions. However, the state of knowledge and practice of neuropsychologists in French-speaking countries is still unknown. This study aimed to find out...

Abstract We assessed self-defining future projections (SDFPs) in women with breast cancer (BC) and their relationships with disease characteristics and quality of life. Forty women with BC in the course of treatment and 50 controls were asked to generate SDFPs and completed questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life. Th...

Over the past decades, vaccination has proven to be largely beneficial to global health. Despite vaccine efficacy, the French population has been recently affected by more anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccine refusal, and it is therefore necessary to validate tools to study this health issue. The Vaccination Attitudes Examination scale (VAX) is a...

Objective: Persecutory ideas are highly frequent in psychotic disorders and particularly in schizophrenia. Although several measures exist to assess persecutory ideas in both clinical and non-clinical samples, there is a need for brief and psychometrically sound measures to capture the multidimensional aspects of paranoia in people diagnosed with s...

Abstract Objectives: Dwelling about positive experiences have been found to be positively related to mania and grandiose ideas. Nevertheless, besides some important limitations, past research has also neglected the nature (or characteristics) of memories individuals dwell on, and that might be specifically associated with grandiose ideas. Thus, the...

The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-Mental Contamination Scale (VOCI-MC) and the Contamination Thought-Action Fusion Scale (CTAF) are two self-report instruments that assess symptoms of mental contamination and fusion between thoughts, feelings and behaviours associated with contamination respectively. The aim of this study was to invest...

Flashbulb memories are autobiographical memories for important and emotional events, which have the particularity of being at the intersection of personal and public events. Autobiographical memory impairments are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, a psychiatric condition intrinsically linked to self-disorders. Thus, we aimed to evaluate flashbulb...

Objectives Anhedonia and fatigue are trans-diagnostic symptoms commonly observed in schizophrenia. Anhedonia is a core negative symptom with a strong relationship with depression and is associated with diminished global functioning. Similarly, fatigue is also associated to depression and research across psychiatric illnesses indicate that fatigue m...

Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est de présenter, en langue française une revue des connaissances actuelles sur les conséquences et déterminants de l’accommodation familiale. Celle-ci peut se définir par les changements de comportements qu’adoptent les membres d’une famille d’un proche souffrant de trouble mental dans le but de diminuer la souff...

Severe impairment of social functioning is the core feature of schizophrenia that persists despite treatment, and contributes to chronic functional disability. Abnormal non-verbal behaviors have been reported during interpersonal interactions but the temporal coordination of co-speech gestures with language abilities have been poorly studied to dat...

Abstract: Schizophrenia patients are at high risk for developing severe COVID-19 outcomes but recent evidence suggests that they are under-vaccinated. This study explored the role of potential attitudinal barriers by comparing schizophrenia patients with participants from the general population regarding COVID-19 vaccination rates, general attitude...

Over the past decades, vaccination has proven to be largely beneficial to global health. Despite vaccine efficacy, the French population has been recently affected by more anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccine refusal, and it is therefore necessary to develop and validate tools to study this health issue. The Vaccination Attitudes Examination scal...

This study investigated objective and subjective cognitive effort as a function of task difficulty in schizophrenia, based on the principles of motivational intensity theory. Thirty individuals with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls worked on four levels of a working memory task ranging from easy to impossible. We assessed objective effort as c...

Recent evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, impaired decision-making capacities could negatively affect the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in this population. Capacity to consent to COVID-19 vaccination was assessed in 80 outpatients with schizophre...

Background: A major model in psychiatry that influences service delivery is the recovery model which emphasizes personal goals and overcoming obstacles to meet them. The Client Assessment of Strengths, Interests, and Goals - CASIG (Wallace, Lecomte, Wilde, & Liberman, 2001) is a well-known functional assessment, that was not only presented deficits...

Objectives The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) is an interview-based instrument evaluating the existence and severity of negative symptoms in people diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The aim of this study is to translate and validate a French version of the CAINS in a French sample of outpatients...

Background: People with schizophrenia are at high risk for developing severe COVID-19 outcomes but recent evidence suggests that this population have lower vaccination rates than the general population. This gap in vaccination rates could be explained by attitudinal and structural barriers. Aims: This study explored the role of potential attitudin...

Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia patients are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, impaired decision-making capacities could negatively affect the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in this population. Competence to consent to COVID-19 vaccination was assessed in 80 outpatients with schizophren...

Aims Avolition defined as a lack of interest or engagement in goal-directed behavior plays a key role in everyday functioning in schizophrenia and is considered as one of the main contributors to the burden of disease. The aim of this study was to 1) validate the self-report BIRT Motivation Questionnaire (BMQ-S) seldom used before in schizophrenia...

Background: Lack of insight is a barrier to treating psychosis. Preliminary studies have suggested that showing people videos of their psychotic behaviour may improve personal insight. This clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of video selfconfrontation. Methods: Inpatients between 18 and 65 years old with schizophrenia or schizoaffective diso...

Abstract: Humans frequently use tools to reduce action-related efforts. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that individuals had tool-related biases in terms of perceived effort reduction during motor imagery tasks, despite the lack of evidence of real benefits. Reduced effort allocation has been repeatedly found in schizophrenia, but...

The goal of this study was to analyze the interpersonal coordination of patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZ) using a humanoid robot NAO. NAO is controlled by a neutrally-inspired model that allows it to be able to synchronize its movements with human movements. Using a robot has the advantage in that it can be modified and controlled without...

Abstract Introduction: Recent theoretical models and preliminary data suggest that shame is a central emotion in the context of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH or voice-hearing). Nevertheless, all previous studies were correlational. Thus, the present study sought to explore whether AVH experiences can trigger shame using an experimental design...

Improvising is essential for human development and is one of the most important characteristics of being human. However, how mental illness affects improvisation remains largely unknown. In this study we focused on socio-motor improvisation in individuals with schizophrenia, one of the more debilitating mental disorder. This represents the ability...

The aim of our study was to compare the performance of three different instruments measuring clinical and cognitive dimensions of insight. Data on 182 outpatients with schizophrenia and one-year follow-up assessments was drawn from the FACE-SZ cohort. Awareness of clinical state (« clinical insight ») was measured using both a clinician-rated measu...

Lors du vieillissement cognitif « normal », la fonctionnalité des habilités instrumentales évolue. Les modifications observées s’interprètent au regard des deux théories explicatives du déclin cognitif lié à l’âge. Dans la maladie d’Alzheimer, l’atteinte des fonctions instrumentales dépend davantage de la topographie et de l’étendue des lésions. Da...

Abstract. The current literature has largely highlighted a deficit of effort-based decision-making for reward in schizophrenia. However, not all studies have dissociated effort from reward, while other studies emphasize that difficulty is the main determinant of effort rather than reward. In this study, 33 individuals with schizophrenia and 32 heal...

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered as an anxiety disorder, disgust is the dominant emotion in contamination-based OCD. However, disgust seems resistant to exposure with response prevention partly due to the fact that disgust is acquired through evaluative conditioning. Aims The present research investigates a c...

Aims Negative and Positive urgency are emotion-related impulsivity traits that are thought to be transdiagnostic factors in psychopathology. However, it has recently been claimed that these two traits are closely related to each other and that considering them separately might have limited conceptual and methodological value. The present study aime...

The aim of our study was to compare the performance of three different instruments measuring clinical and cognitive dimensions of insight. Data on 182 outpatients with schizophrenia and one-year follow-up assessments was drawn from the FACE-SZ cohort. Awareness of clinical state (« clinical insight ») was measured using both a clinician-rated meas...

Background Cognitive impairments are extremely common in schizophrenia and strongly predict deficits in daily functioning, poor management of medication, and multiple hospitalizations. Cognitive remediation is recognized to have a positive impact on cognitive impairments by engaging preserved cognitive functions or by implementing environmental sup...

Résumé Les fonctions exécutives représentent un ensemble de processus impliqués dans le contrôle volontaire de nos réponses comportementales face à des situations nouvelles et non routinières. Ces fonctions permettent à l'être humain de planifier ses buts à court et long terme, de se conformer à des règles sociales, de résoudre des problèmes ou de...

Purpose: Beyond the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the public's health, the length of lockdown and its possible psychological impacts on populations is heavily debated. However, the consequences of lockdown on psychotic symptoms have not yet been investigated. Methods: An online survey was run from April 13 to May 11, 2020; a total of 728 F...

Résumé Les hallucinations acoustico-verbales (HAVs) ou phénomène d’entente de voix doivent être considérées comme relevant d’un continuum entre le normal et le pathologique et cliniquement comme un phénomène transdiagnostique. Les études sur le sujet montrent que l’on retrouve ce phénomène aussi bien en population générale que dans des troubles men...

Background: Assessing an individual's capacity to consent to treatment is a complex and challenging task for psychiatrists and health-care professionals. Diminished capacity to consent to pharmacological treatment is a common concern in individuals with schizophrenia. The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) is the most co...

Abstract Introduction: Positive psychotic symptoms are suggested to be more prevalent in early adulthood. However, no previous study has examined a potential age effect especially for paranoia considering social reference and persecution as separated hierarchical dimension. Moreover, no previous study has examined the mechanisms involved in the dec...

Background Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30-60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various a...

Abstract Background. Assessing an individual's capacity to consent to treatment is a complex and challenging task for psychiatrists and healthcare professionals. Diminished capacity to consent to pharmacological treatment is a common concern in individuals with schizophrenia. The MacArthur competence assessment tool for treatment (MacCAT-T) is the...

Résumé La psychologie anglo-saxonne a produit un nombre conséquent d’études mettant en évidence l’implication de mécanismes psychologiques dans le développement et le maintien des hallucinations acoustico-verbales (HAVs), aussi appelées phénomène d’entente de voix. S’il est souvent considéré, pour des raisons historiques, que les HAVs sont une des...

Objective Misestimation of cognitive functioning has been largely described in individuals with schizophrenia. There is large evidence that correlations between subjectively assessed cognitive functioning and objectively determined cognitive functioning are weak in non clinical individuals and may be more closely related to other psychoaffective or...

Introduction: To explain motivational difficulties in schizophrenia (SZ), attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational intensity theory (MIT), effort is not directly determined by reward but by task difficulty. Moreover, no studies have examined the effort perception in the...

Background: Beyond the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the public's health, the length of lockdown and its possible psychological impacts on populations around the world is heavily debated. However, the consequences of lockdown on psychotic symptoms have not yet been investigated. Methods: An online survey was run from April 13 to May 11, 20...

Background & Objectives: A recent psychological model proposed that rumination might be involved in grandiose delusions (GD) by amplifying positive mood triggered by the occurrence of a positive event or the recall of positive autobiographical memories. This is the first study whose aim is to explore the role of rumination in the development and ma...

Background Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30-60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various ac...

Background Motivation impairments have long been seen as a central feature of schizophrenia. Attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational intensity theory (MIT), effort mobilization and perception are not directly – and not only – determined by reward but, fundamentally, by...

Background If obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered as an anxiety disorder, disgust is the dominant emotion in contamination-based OCD. However, disgust seems resistant to exposure with response prevention partly due to the fact that disgust is acquired through evaluative conditioning. The present research investigates a coun...

Résumé Introduction Bien que considérée comme une émotion de base, le dégoût a reçu peu d’attention des recherches issues de la psychologie des émotions par rapport à d’autres émotions comme la peur ou la tristesse. Résultats de la littérature De nombreuses données empiriques et expérimentales suggèrent pourtant que le dégoût joue un rôle détermin...

Background Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30-60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various ac...

Abstract: The concept of "Self-Defining Future Projections" (SDFPs) has been recently introduced to better explore the link between future thinking and identity. To date, SDFPs have only been examined in young adults and it remains unknown how self-defining future thoughts evolve in aging. In this cross-sectional study, 43 young adults (age range =...

Cognitive models of psychopathology were applied to inform the relationships between paranoid cognitions, perceptions of workplace bullying, and intentions of workplace deviance in UK and French teachers. Sixty-six UK teachers and 50 French teachers were asked to fill in an online survey comprised of the Green Paranoia Thought Scales, Negative Acts...

Apathy is a frequent and debilitating condition with few treatment options available in schizophrenia patients. Despite evidence of its multidimensional structure, most of past studies have explored apathy through a categorical approach. The main objective of this study was to identify the cognitive, emotional, motivational, and clinical factors at...

Abstract: Most individuals with schizophrenia will be confronted with some form of stigma. In recent years, clinicians and family members have increasingly contested the term "schizophrenia". Many of them discuss changing this name, as a means to fight stigma. Up until now, surprisingly, most research has been conducted using self-reports and behav...

Introduction: Feelings of shame may be an important factor implicated in the onset and maintenance of hallucination (or hearing voices). Shame has been shown to increase trauma-related intrusions and avoidance and may reinforce negative beliefs about the self, which in turn may contribute to hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical populations....

Abstract : Les symptômes négatifs, tels que l’apathie, l’anhédonie ou l’émoussement des affects ont des effets délétères sur la qualité de vie et le devenir fonctionnel de l’individu. Aucun traitement qu’il soit pharmacologique, via les techniques de stimulations transcrâniennes, ou psychologique n’a clairement démontré un efficacité quant à leur p...

Résumé En rupture avec les approches catégorielles et dimensionnelles et donc le modèle médical classique, l’approche par réseau appliquée à la psychopathologie constitue une approche holistique des troubles mentaux. Dans cette approche, les troubles mentaux ne sont plus conceptualisés comme étant des essences s’exprimant via l’expression d’un ense...