Raffaele Pisano

Université de Lille · Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN)

Galileo Special Issue : Homage to Galileo Galilei 1564-2014. Reading Iuvenilia Galilean Works within History and Historical Epistemology of Science. Edited by Raffaele Pisano & Paolo Bussotti. Content Gerhard Heinzmann Editorial; Homage to Galileo Galilei 1564-2014 Raffaele Pisano & Paolo Bussotti Introduction. 1564-2014. Homage to Galileo Gali...

One may discuss the role played by mechanical science in the history of scientific ideas, particularly in physics, focusing on the significance of the relationship between physics and mathematics in describing mathematical laws in the context of a scientific theory. In the second Newtonian law of motion, space and time are crucial physical magnitud...

Based on our research regarding the relationship between physics and mathematics in HPS, and recently on Geneva Edition of Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1739–42) by Thomas Le Seur (1703–70) and François Jacquier (1711–88), in this paper we present some aspects of such Edition: a combination of editorial features and scienti...

Rendiconti Lincei - Matematica e Applicazioni Full-Text PDF (15798 KB) | Table of Contents | RLM summary Volume 25, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 413–444 DOI: 10.4171/RLM/686 http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_issue.php?issn=1120-6330&vol=25&iss=4 Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica "Jesuit" Edition: The Tenor of a Huge Work Paolo Bussotti...

The keynote Speakers at the International Symposium - in presence and via Zoom Newton & Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica Geneva Edition ([1739-1742]1822) 22nd-23rd September 2023 University of Oxford, UK More than 50 scholars (in presence and via Zoom, and other last minute registrations, as well) A great successful-event!...

International Symposium Newton & Newton’s Principia Geneva Edition ([1739-1742]1822)

Hosted by History of Physics and Applied Science & Technologies Team (HOPAST), IEMN, CNRS-University of Lille, France Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology Centre (IEMN), CNRS-University of Lille, France University of Lille, France Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage (DIUM), University of Udine, Italy and Th...

Celebration of 200 years since Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica Geneva Edition ([1739-1742]1822) Hosted by History of Physics and Applied Science & Technologies Team (HOPAST), IEMN, CNRS-University of Lille, France Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology Centre (IEMN), CNRS-University of Lille, France U...

The Historiography of science deals with methods, and so interpretations of facts and events within the discipline of history. It also represents a style of method of historians in developing their specific studies. This discipline also allows historians of science to refine the borders internal or external to their historical methods. During the R...

The theoretical and experimental research carried out by Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736–1806) to calculate torsional forces in metal wires had two objectives: 1) based on the Newtonian mechanical paradigm to determine the torsional tensile strength of iron and brass wires, relating this to the length of the wire, its diameter and traction; 2) calcu...

The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to show the principal aspects of the way in which Newton conceived his mathematical concepts and methods and applied them to rational mechanics in his Principia; (2) to explain how the editors of the Geneva Edition interpreted, clarified, and made accessible to a broader public Newton’s perfect but often ellipt...

After the birth of thermodynamics’ second principle—outlined in Carnot's Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu (1824)—several studies provided new arguments in the field. Mainly, they concerned the thermodynamics’ first principle—including energy conceptualisation—, the analytical aspects of the heat propagation, the statistical aspects of the...

In recent decades, the development of sciences and technologies had a significant impact in society. This impact has been object of analysis from several standpoints, i.e., scientific, communication, historical and anthropological. Consequently, serious changes were required by the society. One of these has been the emerging relationship science in...

Although the theory which we are discussing here is applicable to all questions which concern the transfer of motion, this little work has been given the title Essay on Machines in General, first, because it is principally Machines we have seen as being the most important object of mechanics; and in the second place, because it is not a question of...

Lazare Carnot uses the terms force and puissance interchangeably and without additional specification. As proposed above, we will use the modern term, force. Moment–of–Activity is one of the crucial terms in Carnot’s theory and is nowadays called (mechanical) work.

Lazare Carnot: 3 portraits on paper (20,5x28) cm; (19,5x27,5) cm; (25,5x34,5) cm.

This book offers insights relevant to modern history and epistemology of physics, mathematics and, indeed, to all the sciences and engineering disciplines emerging of 19th century. This research volume is the first of a set of three Springer books on Lazare Nicolas Marguérite Carnot’s (1753–1823) remarkable work: Essay on Machines in General (Essai...

Pierre de Fermat (1601/7–1665) is known as the inventor of modern number theory. He invented–improved many methods useful in this discipline. Fermat often claimed to have proved his most difficult theorems thanks to a method of his own invention: the infinite descent (Fermat 1891–1922, II, pp. 431–436). He wrote of numerous applications of this pro...

James Prescott Joule’s (1818–1889) bicentenary took place in 2018 and commemorated by the IDTC with a Symposium—‘James Joule’s Bicentenary: Scientific and Pedagogical Issues Concerning Energy Conservation’—at the European Society for the History of Science (ESHS & BSHS), 14th–17th September, 2018, in London. This symposium had three main objectives...

Growing empirical evidence reveals that traditional set-theoretic structures cannot in general be applied to cognitive phenomena. This has raised several problems, as illustrated, for example, by probability judgement errors and decision-making (DM) errors. We propose here a unified theoretical perspective which applies the mathematical formalism o...

Forums, I extensively analysed Tartaglia’s corpus: science of weights, geometry, arithmetic, mathematics and physics–trajectories of the projectiles, fortifications, included its intelligibility science in the military architecture. The latter is exposed in Book VI of the Quesiti et invention diverse (hereafter Quesiti). In Quesiti there is La Gion...

3rd International Summer School for Sciences, History and Philosophy of Sciences, Applied Science, Science Education http://summerschoollille2019.historyofscience.it/en/

2 Grants available (Hotel accommodation) in order to participate at the 3rd ISSHPSE 2019, 3rd-6th June, Lille France http://summerschoollille2019.historyofscience.it/en/

Based on previous specific works (Gillispie 1971, Pisano and Gillispie 2014 and several Pisano and Drago/Pisano's publications on the subjects since 80's/2000s) we will provide a full scientific-critical translation from French to English for each of Lazare Carnot's main books. They will be historical books and, at the same, source books, into Engl...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-018-09324-1

http://www.historiographyofscience.org/index.php/transversal/issue/view/10

Transversal - Historiography of Science Journal http://www.historiographyofscience.org/index.php/transversal/issue/view/10

RPM.I 2018 The Relationship between Physics and Mathematics in the History of Science & Nature of Science: How the Histories and Philosophies of Sciences Have Been Written? General Aim Historical epistemology of science (such as part of the history of science) is one of the possible approaches to understanding the history and philosophical of scien...

The third edition of Newton’s (1642–1727) Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis (1726) adds some new important results to the two previous ones (1687, 1713). Between 1739–1742 a new deeply commented edition was published in Geneva (1822). The editors were the mathematicians: Thomas Le Seur (1703–1770) and François Jacquier (1711–1788), belon...

Table of Content

In this chapter, we present the concept of force in Kepler. We follow the development of this concept during Kepler’s scientific career, starting from his early considerations in the Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596) until his ripest conceptions expounded in the Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1618–1621). Kepler tried to supply a dynamical explanat...

In this paper, we present an interdisciplinary discussion on the relations between Science–Technology Education and Culture both historical standpoint and nowadays. The idea that a human mind can produce an intellectual revolution within science and its approaches (methods and methodologies also integrated with contradictions and criticisms) strong...

Abstract: The Geneva edition ([1739-1742] 1822) of Newton’s Principia is a very treasure for the historians of physics and mathematics. For, the editors added a series of notes, which are longer than Newton’s text itself. The explanations contained in such notes are important to grasp the way in which the spread of Newton’s thought was realized in...

Robert Fox , Science without Frontiers: Cosmopolitanism and National Interests in the World of Learning, 1870–1940. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2016, Pp. 168. ISBN 978-0-87071-867-0. $22.95 (paperback). - Volume 50 Issue 4 - Raffaele Pisano

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of his passing (in 2014), this special book features studies on Alexandre Koyré (1892–1964), one of the most influential historians of science of the 20th century, who re-evaluated prevalent thinking on the history and philosophy of science. In particular, it explores Koyré’s intellectual matrix and heritage with...

In this paper, we: - Propose a conceptualization regarding the notion of infinitesimal in Newton, according to which, he also resorts to infinitesimal quantities, which – properly speaking – are neither potential nor actual infinitesimals, rather they are fictitious and metaphorical entities used in physics and factually connected with the infinite...

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716) has a prominent worldwide place in the history of scientific thought, from mathematics, logic, physics to the astronomy and engineering. In 2016, both his birth and death have been commemorated. Given both the influence by Leibniz on Western sciences & philosophies and his polyhedricity scientific activitie...

Generally speaking, virtual displacement or work concerns to a timely idea according to which a motion of a certain body is not the unique possible motion. The process of reducing this motion to a particular magnitude and concept, eventually minimizing as a hypothesis, can be traced back to the Aristotelian school. In the history and philosophy of...

Il volume pone al centro della propria analisi il significato della scoperta scientifica come un vero e proprio manufatto intellettuale, frutto della creatività (e degli errori) del singolo ricercatore, ma anche risultato complesso di dinamiche sociali in cui si intrecciano contrasti tra le personalità dei singoli, conflitti tra gruppi di ricerca e...

Joseph Agassi is an Israeli scholar born in Jerusalem on May 7, 1927. He has many books and articles published contributing to the fields of logic, scientific method, foundations of sciences, epistemology and, most importantly for this Journal, in the historiography of science. He studied with Karl Popper, who was definitely his biggest influence....

A long tradition concerning the causes of the planetary movements existed as to the movements on the earth: the so called problem de motu locali. Starting from late middle Ages many criticisms were carried out against the Aristotelian doctrine of natural and violent motions. A well accredited and historically coherent theory to explain the movement...

Stephen Gaukroger , The Natural and the Human: Science and the Shaping of Modernity 1739–1841. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. 416. ISBN 978-0-19-875763-4. £30.00 (hardback) - Volume 49 Issue 3 - Raffaele Pisano

Book Review Michael Riordan, Lillian Hoddeson and Adrienne W. Kolb, Tunnel Visions: The Rise and Fall of the Superconducting Super Collider (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2015), xiii + 448 pp.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) maintained a strong relationship with mathematics, but the benefits of this connection unfortunately had little impact in his time. His meeting with Luca Pacioli (1445–1517) in Milan in 1496 was crucial: the two men would become friends and a deep mutual respect would preside over Leonardo da Vinci's improving his math...

It is a Book Review of mine of the following book: Victor J. Katz and Karen Hunger Parshall: Taming the unknown. History of algebra from antiquity to the early twentieth century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014, xiii + 485 pp Book Review Article: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11016-016-0055-z

In this section, we present the results of an historical archive research. It has been finalized to list, as far as possible, the main Quesiti’s foreign editions published in the history of science. We also list some uncertain dates and alleged editions cited in the history of science archives. In some cases we do not yet have historical proofs of...

In this section, biographical sketches and philological-historical-epistemological reflections are reported. In particular, we present Tartaglia’s study of mathematics, geometry, arithmetic, ballistics and fortifications.

We analyse Niccolò Tartaglia’s Books VII and VIII of the Quesiti et inventioni diverse. The discussion is organized both from historical and epistemological points of view. Particularly, we will focus on the reasoning proposed by Tartaglia against the arguments of the Aristotelian Problemata mechanica on the accuracy and stability of a balance – wi...

Questa è stata una bella speculazione, & me è piaciesta assai. Et perche vedo essere hora tarda, non voglio, che procedati in altro per hoggi.

In this first section we provide some information and background on a selection of writings by and about Niccolò Tartaglio. We have focused on translations into English and Italian, as well as Latin transcriptions of Books VII and VIII of the Quesiti, and Iordani opusolum by de Nemore. Further facsimile texts are added for readers and our critical...

Statics is the science of equilibrium. The term appears in the Latin version (translated by Snel) of Simon Stevin (1548–1620) most famous textbook, Tomus quartus mathematicorum hypomnematum de statica (Stevin 1605, p 5) This work can be considered the hinge between ancient and modern statics. Ancient statics was the science of equilibrium of weight...

In this paper we present the relations between mathematics and mathematics education in Italy between the 12th and the 16th century. Since the subject is extremely wide, we will focus on two case-studies to point out some relevant aspects of this phenomenon: 1) Fibonacci’s studies (12th-13th century); 2) Abacus schools. More particularly, Fibonacci...

This book presents a historical and scientific analysis as historical epistemology of the science of weights and mechanics in the sixteenth century, particularly as developed by Tartaglia in his Quesiti et inventioni diverse, Book VII and Book VIII (1546; 1554). In the early 16th century mechanics was concerned mainly with what is now called stati...

In this paper, we present a brief history of the development of mechanics and mechanical machines theory (particularly in Lazare Carnot) and consequently the birth and advanced studies in thermodynamics and heat machines (particularly in Sadi Carnot) that influenced science & technology (as technoscience) in Western society between the eighteenth a...

During his stay in Padua ca. 1592–1610, Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) was a lecturer of mathematics at the University of Padua and a tutor to private students of military architecture and fortifications. He carried out these activities at the Academia degli Artisti. At the same time, and in relation to his teaching activities, he began to study the e...

This paper is the second part of our recent paper ‘Historical and Epistemological Reflections on the Culture of Machines around the Renaissance: How Science and Technique Work’ (Pisano & Bussotti 2014a). In the first paper—which discussed some aspects of the relations between science and technology from Antiquity to the Renaissance—we highlighted t...

The purpose of this paper is to valuate the role of geometry inside Enriques’ theory of knowledge and epistemology. Our thesis is that such a role is prominent. We offer a particular interpretation of Enriques’ gnoseology, according to which geometry is the cornerstone to fully catch also the way in which he framed his conception of the history of...

This book analyzes scientific problems within the history of physics, engineering, chemistry, astronomy and medicine, correlated with technological applications in the social context. When and how is tension between disciplines explicitly practised? What is the conceptual bridge between science researches and the organization of technological resea...

Based on our previous educational researches we discuss whether it is possible to replace a human teacher with a virtual (machine) teacher, refereeing the hidden layers of doing so, as well as considering the technological possibilities currently available explain what this means in a society. For, an adaptation of current cybernetic into cyberneti...

In ancient Greece, the term “mechanics” was used when referring to machines and devices in general and intended to mean the study of simple machines (winch, lever, pulley, wedge, screw and inclined plane) with reference to motive powers and displacements of bodies. Historically, works considering these arguments were referred to as Mechanics (from...

This paper is divided into two parts, this being the first one. The second is entitled ‘Historical and Epistemological Reflections on the Culture of Machines around Renaissance: Machines, Machineries and Perpetual Motion’ and will be published in Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum in 2015. Based on our recent studies, we provide he...

Preface

Mathematics education is also a social phenomenon because it is influenced both by the needs of the labour market and by the basic knowledge of mathematics necessary for every person to be able to face some operations indispensable in the social and economic daily life. Therefore the way in which mathematics education is framed changes according to...

Based on recent researches of mine concerning history and epistemology of sciences (physics and mathematics) one side and foundations of sciences within my physics and mathematics teaching other side, in this paper I briefly discuss and report the role played by history of science within physics and mathematics teaching. Some case-study on the rela...

In order to describe a possible scientific and historical panorama of the role played by the physical foundations of Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu when it was first published in this section, we’ve selected scientific studies and historical studies regarding Sadi Carnot ’s theory. As we have presented in previous chapters, this theory...

Mainly based on the historical hypotheses announced by Charles Gillispie (1971), the Parisian workshop (Taton 1976) and finally on the historical and historical–epistemological investigations proposed in the previous chapters, we present here details and correlations on the scientific relationship between the two Carnots . All evidence shows a comm...

The geometer Michel Chasles, one of the nineteenth-century personages who was both a master and a masterly historian of his favorite subject, discussed the contributions of the "illustrious Carnot" after the descriptive geometry of Monge and before the projective geometry of Poncelet in the sequence to which he attributed revival of the methods of...

It is fortunate that the two memoirs Carnot submitted to the Academy of sciences in Paris in 1778 and 1780 have survived in its archives. They give access to the form and content of his thinking about mechanics and the science of machines when he was a young and hopeful officer 5 or 6 years out of engineering school. The present chapter traces the...

In this section we investigate the possible origin of the idea of the cycle cycle in Sadi Carnot's work Sadi Carnot, following the hypothesis of an analogy analogy with the electric electric circuit electric circuit in Alessandro Volta Alessandro Volta 's battery battery. First we will present a comparison comparison from the standpoint of the fund...

The way in which the work of Lazare and Sadi Carnot made itself felt reveals a similarity between their writings as interesting as their substantive filiation and the analytic and stylistic parallels. The failure of Lazare’s Essai sur les machines en général to attract contemporary attention has already been discussed. Although more often mentioned...

In 1824 Sadi Carnot published Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu in which he almost entirely founded thermodynamic theory. Two years after his death, his friend Clapeyron’ introduced the famous PV diagram to analytically represent the famous Carnot cycle , one of the main and crucial ideas presented by Carnot in his booklet. Twenty–five yea...

The great events that Carnot touched and shaped never caused him to lose sight of the adaptation of the science of mechanics to the science of machines that he thought to initiate when still an obscure young engineer. Fortunately for the historian, the documentation is adequate to permit following his conceptions from their genesis in the entry he...

By considering the vast biographical literature accumulated in the past century and today, here we prefer to focus solely on some particular aspects strictly related to Sadi Carnot ’s science.

Known to French history as the “Organizer of Victory” in the wars of the Revolution, and to engineering mechanics for the principle of continuity in the transmission of power, Lazare–Nicolas–Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) remains one of the very few men of science and of politics whose career in each domain deserves serious attention on its own meri...

What about science, society and education in the history? In the 19th century Europe the figure of the scientific engineer is emerging. In Paris the Grandes Écoles were founded, where the most distinguished mathematicians of the time taught to students and drew up treaties. and Joseph–Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) were am...