Rafaela Pascoal

Università degli Studi di Palermo | UNIPA · Dipartimento Culture e Società

Since its normative inception that human trafficking holds the heraldic baton of gender mainstream, the data provided by international agencies such as UNODC (Global report on trafficking in persons. UNODC. Last accessed on 24 June 2021 from https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2018/GLOTiP_2018_BOOK_web_small.pdf, 2018) that in...

Flyer del volume Migrazioni forzate e diritti disattesi. Lo sguardo di genere sui bisogni di frontiera, FrancoAngeli, Milano, 2021 [ISBN: 978-88-351-1985-2]

Questo articolo propone il concetto di ostipitalità (Derrida, 2000) per analizzare i collegamenti tra cibo, appartenenze e commensalità. L'osservazione partecipante e le interviste semi-strutturate permettono di individuare, nelle diverse aree e tra le tipologie di attività commerciali del mercato di Ballarò, le forme di "convivenza armata" fra aut...

The definition of Trafficking in Human Beings in the Protocol of United Nations portays the adoption and the determination of the concepts of victim and trafficker by the international community. Despite the effort of the Protocol in providing an international definition of the phenomenon, the present article emphasizes the grey zone between vulner...

Approaching the issue of human trafficking, especially when referring to exploitation for sexual purposes, means dissecting concepts and ‘placing’ ourselves within the current binary scholar debate on exploitation and sex work. This chapter presents a chronological excursus on the several international treaties on the issue of human trafficking, wi...

Human trafficking tends to follow a pattern of phases, such as recruitment, transfer, exploitation, protection, and sometimes re-trafficking. This chapter gives the opportunity for the reader to understand the influence of several factors within human trafficking at a geographical level, from the origin and transit country to the destination countr...

When the vulnerability of Nigerian and Romanian women in human trafficking is concerned, it is not only important to understand the causes that led the victim into a situation of trafficking, but also to understand the factors that maintain the individual in a situation of victimisation. However, this does not mean that these factors are separated...

Motherhood in human trafficking can cause a transition from an invisible individual, marginalised by their administrative and social status, into a ‘recognised citizen’ (Brouckaert and Longman 2018). This is to do with ‘the constitute maternal act’ (Ruddick 1995), in which the role of care is assumed regarding the child necessities, bringing with i...

Identification of a human trafficking victim is a herculean task, not only due to the complexity of the definition of human trafficking, but also due to the perception of victimhood and vulnerability. The last chapter of this book is written after the increase of the migration flows in Italy in the last years, where IOM declared that 80% of the Nig...

During the course of the PROVIDE 2 research project, 178 semi-struc-tured and in-depth interviews were administered to local and third-sector stakeholders and workers operating in migrant reception centres, in the areas where project partners were engaged. This means that 78 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Sicily, 47 in-depth interview...

This book discusses motherhood of Nigerian and Romanian women in Italy and Romania, who are human trafficking victims for sexual purposes. It provides a broad gender approach to emerge on the phenomenon of human trafficking with an analytic perspective of all the social, cultural, legal and economic components that play an important role during all...

After the fall of the Communist regime, the Romanian population has decreased approximately 15%, due to the high level of labour migration. The migration of Romanians was even more intensified later on, after Romania has joined the European Union. This decrease of population was due to an increased demand of the West-European population for domesti...

The current research was conducted under the Project BINIs-Best practices In tackling trafficking NIgerian Route, funded by the European Commission, under the call for proposals HOME/2015/AMIF/AG/THBX- Actions addressing trafficking in human beings. The project is lead by the association CISS (IT), an Italian NGO, based in Sicily; CRESM (IT) that i...

The current research was conducted under the Project BINIs-Best practices In tackling trafficking NIgerian Route, funded by the European Commission, under the call for proposals HOME/2015/AMIF/AG/THBX- Actions addressing trafficking in human beings. The project is lead by the association CISS (IT), an Italian NGO, based in Sicily; CRESM (IT) that i...

Nigerian human trafficking, in particularly for sexual purposes, in the South of Italy has grown from the beginning of the 90s, consequently to the migration flow hail from Nigeria to the tomatoes' harvest (Cole, 2006). The lack of implementation of an adequate policy to tackle the phenomenon in the territory, adding to the growth of migration flow...

Since the establishment of the international legal definitions of the phenomena Trafficking of Human Beings and Migrants Smuggling on the year 2000, by the UN2 that the migration arriving throughout the Mediterranean has passed through several changes. The adaptation of the organized criminal networks operating on the Mediterranean routes, to the n...

Since the signature of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol in December 2000 that human trafficking has been labeled as a transnational, complex criminal phenomenon. However, despite the implementation of international soft law instruments to tackle the phenomenon, human trafficking is constantly evolving by the frequent changes of strategies, r...

Since the establishment of the international legal definitions of the phenomena Trafficking of Human Beings and Migrants Smuggling on the year 2000, by the UN2 that the migration arriving throughout the Mediterranean has passed through several changes. The adaptation of the organized criminal networks operating on the Mediterranean routes, to the n...

The establishment of the Trafficking1 and the Smuggling Protocol2 has brought to the surface the importance of the concept of vulnerability. However, the Protocols have not given a precise definition to the concept of vulnerability, in order to perceive a practical application on legal grounds. In 2005, the Council of Europe tries to delimit the de...

After the Fall of the Communist Regime, Italy started to receive major flows of immigrant Romanian women, caused by the transformation of the economic and social structure in Romania (Diminescu, 2003; Sandu, 2006). Due to the Patriarchal family model in Italy, the majority of this women have come to substitute the emancipated Italian women in the s...

On the last decade we have seen the term “vulnerable” or “vulnerability” widely used on different areas such as health, social care and human rights, yet is meaning is still vague and unprecise . Despite the insertion of the concept of vulnerability by the Protocol of Palermo in 2000 in the international legal framework applied in the phenomena of...