Rafael Araujo- The National Museum of Natural Sciences
Rafael Araujo
- The National Museum of Natural Sciences
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Publications (126)
Las colecciones científicas son una infraestructura de investigación única e irremplazable para numerosas áreas de la ciencia. En la actualidad, se estima que en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales se conservan 10 millones de especímenes, lo que suponen casi la mitad de todos los conservados en España. Esta infraestructura científica o este tes...
Toda persona con inquietud puede encontrar en El viaje del Beagle, el diario que Charles Darwin escribió durante su travesía en ese barco, una inagotable fuente de inspiración, tanto si le interesa el mundo natural como si su interés se dirige a la religión, la política, la sociología o los viajes. Los autores de este artículo hacen un maravilloso...
RESUMEN El género Theodoxus se distribuye por los lagos, ríos y estuarios de Europa, sudoeste de Asia y norte de África, aunque su taxonomía es todavía incompleta. Theodoxus valentinus (Graells, 1846) es una especie endémica ibérica de distribución muy localizada, con una forma de concha muy particular, prácticamente extinguida y catalogada en peli...
Hasta 12 especies exóticas de fauna y flora han invadido los últimos tramos fluviales de la cuenca del Duero ocupados por la náyade Margaritifera margaritifera, catalogada como en peligro de extinción, y otros moluscos bivalvos con los que comparte hábitats. Un caso paradigmático de este proceso es el del cangrejo señal en el río Negro (Zamora).
Up...
The Giant Freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera auricularia) is one of the rarest invertebrate species worldwide. This two-volume book aims to bring together all the so far available information on the species. Both volumes are independent books, although they can be seen as complimentary, giving scientific and technical information. They result f...
The Giant Freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera auricularia) is one of the rarest invertebrate species worldwide. This two-volume book aims to bring together all the so far available information on the species. Both volumes are independent books, although they can be seen as complimentary, giving scientific and technical information. They result f...
Domingo Badía y Simón de Rojas fueron los
protagonistas del viaje, mitad científico mitad
político, que originó una colección que aunaba
ejemplares de los tres reinos de la naturaleza del
sur de la Península Ibérica, Francia, el Mar Rojo,
Filipinas o América. Hoy en el MNCN siguen la
pista de los moluscos de esta colección que un tal
Alí Bey deposi...
The giant freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera auricularia (GFPM) is one of the most endangered bivalve species in the world. Originally occurring in many European rivers, the GFPM is a relict now restricted to a few ageing populations in France and Spain in which natural reproduction is almost absent.
Like most unionoid mussels, the GFPM needs ho...
RESUMEN Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) es un gasterópodo de agua dulce de la familia Lymna-eidae que ha permanecido ignorado entre la fauna malacológica española hasta que, debido a una reciente revisión de las colecciones malacológicas del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, se han descubierto unos lotes históricos procedentes del no...
RESUMEN Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774) es un gasterópodo de agua dulce de la familia Lymna-eidae que ha permanecido ignorado entre la fauna malacológica española hasta que, debido a una reciente revisión de las colecciones malacológicas del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, se han descubierto unos lotes históricos procedentes del no...
Se realiza un exhaustivo estudio de los moluscos continentales de la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España: gasterópodos terrestres y bivalvos y gasterópodos de agua dulce. Se presentan fichas y mapas de cada especie, así como propuestas de medidas de conservación.
Rhodeus amarus is a cyprinid fish that spawns in the mantle cavity of freshwater mussels, resulting in a fitness cost to the host mussel. Rhodeus amarus is expanding its geographic range in Europe, hence the exposure of different freshwater mussel species to R. amarus is also rising. This expansion of contact creates potential risk to affected muss...
Freshwater mussels are declining globally, and effective conservation requires prioritizing research and actions to identify and mitigate threats impacting mussel species. Conservation priorities vary widely, ranging from preventing imminent extinction to maintaining abundant populations. Here, we develop a portfolio of priority research topics for...
We describe the gill anatomy of Margaritifera auricularia, including a histological analysis of the marsupium, its brooding capacity and the length of the maturation process, providing information on the hitherto unknown reproductive strategy of French populations. Ova and developing embryos from the Charente and Creuse river populations were found...
The critically endangered Giant Freshwater Pearl Mussel Margaritifera auricularia was presumed extinct before its rediscovery in Spain in 1985 and France in 2000. Since then, numerous surveys have been set up to search for living populations in France and Spain. This article presents an up-to-date account of species distribution based on available...
The global decline of freshwater mussels can be partially attributed to their complex life cycle. Their survival from glochidium to adulthood is like a long obstacle race, with juvenile mortality as a key critical point. Mass mortality shortly after entering into a juvenile state has been reported in both wild and captive populations, thus weakenin...
Delimiting species boundaries is a fundamental yet challenging task that has been especially problematic in morphologically conserved lineages. The use of genetic markers and phylogenetic approaches has proven of paramount importance to resolve these cases. Using the genus Unio as a case study, we have analysed two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome...
The land snails collected by the ‘Comisión Científica del Pacifíco’ (CCP), a Spanish expedition to South and Central America from 1862–1866, are restudied and revised. The historical context of the expedition and the study of its collected material are described. Biographical data is given for the main persons involved. The land snails were previou...
The land snails collected by the ‘Comisión Científica del Pacifíco’ (CCP), a Spanish expedition to South and Central America from 1862–1866, are restudied and revised. The historical context of the expedition and the study of its collected material are described. Biographical data is given for the main persons involved. The land snails were previou...
Genetic diversity of European freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera (L.), appears exceptional with highest genetic variability found in the northernmost European populations of Scandinavia and lower genetic variability in central and southern Europe. The objective of this study was to investigate genetic diversity and differentiation...
Freshwater mussels of the Order Unionida provide important ecosystem functions and services, yet many of their populations are in decline. We comprehensively review the status of the 16 currently recognized species in Europe, collating for the first time their life-history traits, distribution, conservation status, habitat preferences, and main thr...
The land snails collected by the ‘Comisión Científica del Pacifíco’ (CCP), a Spanish expedition to South and Central America from 1862–1866, are restudied and revised. The historical context of the expedition and the study of its collected material are described. Biographical data is given for the main persons involved. The land snails were previou...
The family Margaritiferidae is a small but widely distributed group within the Unionoida, or freshwater mussels, whose taxonomy and systematics has been the subject of numerous publications. Despite several efforts, there is no consensus on which characters reliably diagnose this family. Herein, we present the results of a phylogenetic analysis of...
The distribution of circum-Mediterranean fauna was dramatically affected by palaeogeographical events during the Cenozoic. The biogeographical history of freshwater mussels is related to the development of the continental watershed during the Tertiary and Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our study model is Potomida littoralis (Cuvier, 1798), a Palaearct...
Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomi...
Mediterranean-type streams are characterized by great seasonal and annual variation in flow. We studied the biology of the freshwater mussel Unio tumidiformis in such a stream, the Vascão River in southern Portugal, during a period of great interannual variation in hydrology. We studied growth patterns of the mussels between 2002–2008, and the repr...
Freshwater mussels, historically a component of freshwater benthic invertebrate biomass, are one of the most imperilled animal groups on the planet. Margaritifera auricularia was once a common freshwater mussel inhabiting large rivers throughout Western Europe. It was believed to be extinct until 1996 when a few small populations were found in Spai...
Resumen Nuestra actual propuesta de investigación centra su análisis en las placas de nácar halladas en los complejos residenciales rurales hispanorromanos del siglo IV d. C. Para ello, hemos desarrollado una primera aproximación a la catalogación y caracterización tipológica de este noble y foráneo material, tomando como referencia el yacimiento c...
Artículo publicado en la revista Oppidum. Cuadernos de Investigación. IE Universidad, pp. 185-218
URL: http://oppidum.es/oppidum-12-pdf/opp12.07_reyes-et.alii_revestimiento.de.nacar.pdf
Naiads and fish, coupled destiny: the case of basins of northeastern Catalonia.
Freshwater mussels are among the most imperilled of all animal groups. The populations of the endangered Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819 and U. ravoisieri Deshayes, 1847 (both designated as U. elongatulus C. Pfeiffer, 1825 in the European Habitat Directive) have declined severely over recent years in Spain. To conserve these species in Lake Banyoles (Gir...
Among the historical collection gathered by the ‘Comisión Científica del Pacífico’ during 1862–1865, type material was found of one of the species described on the basis of the material collected shortly afterwards. Inspection of the types revealed that only one specimen may be considered as type material of Bulimus
aristaceus Crosse, 1869; this sp...
The ancient record of the Iberian naiads is still poorly documented despite the development of archaeo-malacological research that has taken place over the past decade in the peninsula. The naiad remains retrieved at Camino de las Yeseras thus constitute a welcome addition that provides information concerning three different aspects, namely: (i) th...
Several species from a number of bivalve molluscan families are known to have a paternally transmitted mitochondrial genome, along with the standard maternally transmitted one. The main characteristic of the phenomenon, known as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), is the coupling of sex and mtDNA inheritance: males receive both genomes but transm...
Freshwater mussels are among the most imperilled of all animal groups. The populations of the endangered Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819 and U. ravoisieri Deshayes, 1847 (both designated as U. elongatulus C. Pfeiffer, 1825 in the European Habitat Directive) have declined severely over recent years in Spain. To conserve these species in Lake Banyoles (Gir...
A review of the freshwater mussel collection housed at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid (Spain) (MNCN) including complete specimen data for the 3,270 lots is provided. The 10,009 specimens (single valves not included) represent species from five continents and Oceania, with 342 species in 110 genera belonging to 6 currently recogn...
The glochidium larvae of freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae need to find suitable hosts to attach themselves and metamorphose into free-living juveniles. The specificity of the host-parasite relationship was investigated for the Iberian Unio tumidiformis Castro, 1885 by means of experimental infections and also by analyzing naturally infect...
RESUMEN Se han encontrado algunos ejemplares de Margaritifera margaritifera en el curso alto del río Duero, en la provincia de Soria. Se trata de la cita más oriental de esta especie en la Península Ibérica y la única conocida en el cauce del río Duero. Únicamente se ha localizado un ejemplar vivo y uno recién muerto. Parecen ser los últimos ejempl...
This paper reviews the faunas retrieved at the PP4-Montelirio sector of the Chalcolithic site of Valencina de la Concepción, setting apart remains found in association with or without human bones. Although the structures of non-funerary character exhibit a similar mammalian profile to those of funerary nature, the molluscs and some items such as re...
A review of the freshwater mussel collection housed at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid (Spain) (MNCN) including complete specimen data for the 3,270 lots is provided. The 10,009 specimens (single valves not included) represent species from five continents and Oceania, with 342 species in 110 genera belonging to 6 currently recogn...
RESUMEN1
La existencia de fosas rellenas con tierra, cenizas, fragmentos cerámicos y fauna denominadas genéricamente como cenizales, basureros o vertederos, es un hecho bien conocido en la Meseta Norte durante la Segunda Edad del Hierro, vinculándose con los grupos Vacceos y Vettones. Sin embargo, su distribución debe ampliarse al occidente de la M...
Freshwater mussels from the family Unionidae are known to exhibit a high level of ecological phenotypic plasticity that is reflected in their shell shape. This variation has caused uncertainty on systematics and taxonomy of the group. Several naiad populations from nine river basins from Portugal were analyzed genetically, using two mitochondrial g...
The existence of pits filled with earth, ashes, pottery fragments and fauna, usually known as ash pits, rubbish pits or dumps, has been recognized on many Second Iron Age settlements of the Spanish Northern Plateau, generally linked with Vaccean and Vettonian groups. However, its distribution should be extended to the west of the Southern Plateau a...
Presentation abstract: A review of the taxonomy of Western Palearctic naiads (large freshwater mussels, Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) and open questions concerning unrecognised species and diversity hotspots.
A clarification of the status of Isomeria morula (Hidalgo 1870) is given, based on the recently rediscovered, likely type specimen at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN, Madrid, Spain), and additional material from University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ, Ann Arbor USA). The available material (three specimens) comes from older colle...
The number of described species on the planet is about 1.9 million, with ca. 17,000 new species described annually, mostly from the tropics. However, taxonomy is usually described as a science in crisis, lacking manpower and funding, a politically acknowledged problem known as the Taxonomic Impediment. Using data from the Fauna Europaea database an...
Cumulative number of valid species of terrestrial and freshwater multicellular animals recorded in Europe. Numbers of valid species described since Linnaeus (1758) are plotted against the description year for selected phyla, major classes and major insect orders. These groups are not of equivalent taxonomic rank but were divided as such to demonstr...
The first clear evidence of the establishment of an invasive freshwater bivalve in Africa is provided, through the description of the distribution of Corbicula fluminea in Morocco.
C. fluminea was detected in 2008 and 2011 in two independent river basins, although still absent in other river systems throughout the country.
This information is used...
Manuel Martínez de la Escalera (1867-1949) se cuenta entre los personajes que acometieron el estudio de la Historia Natural en la España de finales del XIX y constituye una desconocida e interesante figura en la historia de la ciencia de nuestro país, solamente familiar para el colectivo de investigadores que se dedican hoy a su mismo tema de estud...
The following classification summarizes the suprageneric taxonomy
of the Bivalvia for the upcoming revision of the Bivalvia
volumes of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N. The development
of this classification began with Carter (1990), Campbell,
Hoekstra, and Carter (1995, 1998), Campbell (2000, 2003), and
Carter, Campbell, and Campb...
Using an approach based on molecular, reproductive and morphological characters, four independent evolutionary lineages represented
by the following species were identified in Tunisia: Unio ravoisieri Deshayes, U. gibbus Spengler, U. durieui Deshayes and Potomida littoralis (Cuvier). The species U. ravoisieri and U. durieui are redescribed, includi...
This paper compiles the pre-Linnean iconography of freshwater mussels or naiads and provices an understanding of the historical framework in which they were created. The first book providing a figure of a freshwater mussel would seem to be Hortus sanitatis, an anonymous encyclopaedia first published in 1491. This and other early images of these ani...
Non-professional taxonomists have been responsible for describing more than half of the animal species discovered in Europe from 1998 to 2007 (see also Nature 467, 788; 2010). The extraordinary current rate of description of new species makes Europe an unexpected frontier for biodiversity exploration. The Fauna Europaea database (www.faunaeur.org),...
As part on an ongoing effort to unravel the taxonomy and phylogeny of Palaearctic freshwater mussels, this paper describes an overlooked Unio species that inhabits the Atlantic rivers of South Iberia and Morocco, based on morphological, reproductive, and molecular characters. Live specimens of Unio gibbus were recently found in the Barbate River in...
The possible occurrence of Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 on the Iberian Peninsula has been a controversial issue since the XIX century. Several characters, including molecular, morphological and life cycle, show that the Iberian taxon is related to, but well-differentiated from, the central European U. crassus. The valid name for this Iberian taxon...
Within the Unionoida the family Margaritiferidae is a small but widely distributed group, whose number of genera and species is under discussion. Using molecular and morphological characters, the present paper redescribes several Moroccan specimens of Margaritifera, previously classified as M. auricularia marocana. The shell and anatomical features...
RESUMEN Se aporta información sobre la descripción original, sinonimias, taxonomía, distribución, morfología, ciclo vital, hábitat y estado de conservación de las diez especies de náyades (moluscos bivalvos de la superfamilia Unionoidea) nativas de la península Ibérica: Marga-ritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793), M. margaritifera (L., 1758), Potom...
Se aporta información sobre la descripción original, sinonimias, taxonomía, distribución, morfología, ciclo vital, hábitat y estado de conservación de las diez especies de náyades (moluscos bivalvos de la superfamilia Unionoidea) nativas de la península Ibérica: Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793), M. margaritifera (L., 1758), Potomida litto...
Large unionids from the Weald faciès of northern Spain are described. Three hundred seventeen specimens belonging to the Order Unionoida have been studied. Two species from the family Margaritiferidae were identified from the Cameros Basin. Margaritifera idubedae (Palacios and Sánchez, 1885) was recorded from the Urbión Group (Hauterivian-Barremian...
A new genus of fossil bivalve from the Lower Cretaceous of the Cameros Basin is described and designated Protopleurobema. As well as the type material of Unio numantinus (Palacios and Sánchez, 1885), we examined 805 specimens discovered in deposits comprising unit D of the lithological Urbión Group of Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian age. This new taxo...
1.Freshwater mussels or naiads are generally considered to thrive in river habitats, provided the ecological conditions are good. The presence of populations of these bivalves in artificial channels and ditches with natural bottoms has only scarcely been reported. The aim of this paper was to present the idea that these ‘channel’ and ‘ditch’ habita...
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The European Union has adopted the ambitious target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Several indicators have been proposed to assess progress towards the 2010 target, two of them addressing directly the issue of species decline. In Europe, the Fauna Europaea database gives an insight into the patterns of distribution of a total dataset...
Aquatic ecology an society of Ruidera Lakes (Central Spain)
El estudio de los moluscos de agua dulce llevado a cabo en la Comunidad de Madrid permite citar 33 especies, de ellas 25 son de gasterópodos y ocho son de bivalvos. De estas especies, 23 ya habían sido citadas previamente en esta área, aunque la mayoría con otros nombres, bien porque en la actualidad son sinónimos, o bien por determinaciones erróne...
Throughout its history, Margaritifera auricularia has been confused with its relative M. margaritifera. This paper compiles the early iconography of M. auricularia and reproduces the illustrations of this species. Our objective is to not only recapture the many interesting images of M. auricularia, but also to examine the historical errors that led...
Genetic variability, shell morphology, anatomy, reproductive season, glochidium morphology and host fish of several Iberian populations of Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819 (¼ U. elongatulus C. Pfeiffer, 1825) were examined. The genetics of three allopatric populations were studied, including two 'races' previously described for this species on the Iberian...
