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Publications
Publications (137)
The advancement of embroidery technology allows the creation of complex design patterns on clothing and patches for personalisation and aesthetic improvement. An important feature of the embroidered patches is that they can be used for incorporation of sensors with different purposes in e-textiles. The production process is completely digitalized a...
Moisture absorption is a crucial property of cotton fabrics, as it directly affects their comfort and performance in various applications, as well as fabric’s degradation. While the moisture absorption ability of cotton fibres has been extensively studied, the influence of the geometric, structural, and mass characteristics of cotton fabrics on the...
Flooding is a phenomenon that cannot be prevented. Some human activities, such as the growth of settlements and economic assets in the floodplains, as well as the declining natural capacity of the soil to retain water caused by land use and climate change, are key factors in increasing the likelihood of floods and their adverse effects. The study i...
Energy from renewable sources reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lowers our dependence on imported fossil fuels. In the presented work, a new way of harnessing the energy of sea waves is given, namely a turbine with oscillating blades. The experimental stand on which the experimental tests were carried out at different revolutions of the hydromot...
Woven textiles’ design is part of sustainable design, and new ways are being sought to minimise energy, including human power and efforts, in order to efficiently develop new weave patterns and apply them directly in the weaving mill. The design of woven textiles is frequently associated with the used weave pattern and the effects of colours and te...
Waste is defined as something useless, an object or substance that is no longer needed. The 3Rs concept (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is promoted on a worldwide scale for generating a sustainable material-cycle society through efficient application of resources and materials. Our paper discusses the application of the 3Rs concept in the field of text...
The pyrolysis of wheat straw in order to produce biochar for soil amendment is a potential strategy for producing environmental friendly fertilizers capable of boosting soil fertility, increasing carbon storage, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, straw biochar’s potential to influence these aspects may vary depending on its properties....
Data in human physiology have shown that the generation of metabolic CO 2 in the temperature interval 18-28 °C could vary only because of the temperature of the environment. Our study investigated the influence of two air temperatures (23 °C and 27 °C) on the CO 2 concentration in the classroom. Sixteen volunteers participated in the field study. I...
This chapter aims to provide the basic knowledge on the weave patterns, used in the manufacturing of woven structures from one set of warp threads and one set of weft threads. The fabric construction, weave patterns, and weave diagrams are presented in details. The basic characteristics of a weave pattern: repeat, overlaps, and displacement number,...
Tundzha River is the third greatest river in Bulgaria and the largest tributary of the fourth largest river in the country, the Maritsa River. The risks for flood events in the Tundzha River basin was assessed based on the characteristics of the river basin and the main causes of floods as sources and mechanisms. The populated places at the highest...
People are the main reason for the deterioration of indoor air quality (IAQ) due to the continuous physiological metabolism processes in their bodies, including respiration. We present results from an investigation of the influence of indoor air temperature on the concentration of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2). The investigation was preconditioned b...
Despite the large application of the machine embroidery in textile and apparel design and high-tech clothing items, there is а lack of systematic arrangement of the digital stitch lines, used by embroidery machines and embroidery designers. Since 2010 information on embroidery stitch lines could be mostly found in the web sites of the embroidery ma...
An e-textile mat with capacitive textile sensors was designed and manufactured to monitor body position and prevent decubitus ulcers in the case of bedridden people. The sensors were incorporated through a process of machine embroidery with electrically conductive threads. A new production method for the conductive threads is still expected to be d...
This paper deals with assessing draught rate (DR) in a ventilated university classroom (field lab). Based on eight hours long continuous measurements of indoor air velocity, and air temperature, as well as the globe temperature under recirculation mode of operation of four ceiling fan coils, information about the time variation of air velocity, air...
Wearing face masks in a pandemic is one way to limit the spread of viral particles. However, their use leads to a change in the dissipation of heat from the face to the environment. As a result, a microenvironment with increased air humidity, air temperature and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration is formed under the mask. The aim of the paper is...
Achieving good indoor air quality (IAQ) is essential when designing ventilation. There is evidence that in densely occupied spaces, like classrooms, the air quality in the breathing zone could be far from the expected, though the requirements of the standards are met. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effect of metabolic carbon d...
The objective of the study is to analyze the air distribution in a test ventilated classroom equipped with a ventilation system composed of four four-way ceiling diffusers. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navies-Stokes (URANS) simulation was performed using the ANSYS Fluent software. The focus of the discussion is on the effect of supply diffuser operat...
Wave energy from seas and oceans is among the most promising and abundant energy sources on the Earth. There are different designs of conversion systems for the utilization of the wave energy, resulting from the different ways of the wave energy absorption, and depending on the location characteristics. The paper proposes a new hydraulic power take...
The thermal environment in an indoor space is determined by the thermal state of the human body, and the local thermal discomfort. The draught rate (DR) is one of the indices for thermal discomfort. The achievement of air distribution without draught is one of the goals of the ventilation methods. It is especially important in the design of climate...
The production of cotton textiles and garments is of substantial importance for modern society in terms of its economic effect: trade, investment, employment and earnings all over the world. The sector is characterized by substantial demand for electrical energy, alongside with other types of energy resources. The paper discusses the current situat...
Decubitus ulcers or bedsores are skin injuries that are a serious medical problem, difficult to treat. They are usually the result of some tissue nutrition disorder, the most common cause being lying down. The main principle for the prevention of this disease is the frequent change of body position of the person or the use of an anti-decubitus matt...
The distribution of PM2.5 around a thermal manikin with realistic female body shape in a naturally ventilated room has been modelled. The health risk (HR) due to inhalation of the PM2.5 has been quantified by integrating the pollutants mass flux over the boundaries of a virtual box around the mannequin’s head (the breathing zone). By the same appro...
The use of an efficient personal cooling system in hot environments is becoming increasingly popular, as the increased air temperature provokes thermophysiological discomfort, heat stress, reduced productivity and could lead to several health issues. Different methods and devices for personal and local cooling have been developed over the years. Th...
The extraction of rock materials from the landscape is accompanied
by severe influence on nature. The research presents the assessment of the
impact of the quarry activities in a gneiss deposit in the region of Blagoevgrad on
the environment. The effect of the blasting operations and other quarry works are
discussed in terms of the geomorphic impac...
Wildland fires frequently happen and develop in hard-to-reach regions, fast covering large areas due to the presence of ignitable matters together with beneficial meteorological circumstances. Human actions and natural events are the main reasons for the appearance of wildland fires. Our study focusses on the idea of using natural resources, namely...
Global warming intensifies the water cycle. The intensified water cycle is considered to be among the reasons for the increment of floods in several regions on Earth. The floods and the ensuing disaster situations, which have increased over the past year, have caused massive material damage and economic losses to the Bulgarian population. The occur...
The Circular Economy (CE) is an approach that requires a paradigm shift from waste management and recycling to a completely new circular system in the textiles value chain. It is supposed to be linked with both the economic growth and harmonization with ecological systems. The paper investigates the limits of the existing linear model of textiles p...
In the process of the structural design of the working and façade scaffolds, the self-weight of the elements, the service load and the wind load should be taken into account. The wind load on a covered façade scaffold is determined by many factors, including the wind velocity, the solidity ratio of the building's façade, the geometric characteristi...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the heat transfer through a system of two consecutive textile layers with woven macrostructures by numerical simulation, using FLUENT CFD software package. A novel approach for modelling of the textile structure was applied, based on jet systems. The heat transfer through the systems of layers was...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the heat transfer through a system of two consecutive textile layers with woven macrostructures by numerical simulation, using FLUENT CFD software package. A novel approach for modelling of the textile structure was applied, based on jet systems. The heat transfer through the systems of layers was...
Featured Application: In case the ventilation system design leads to low-frequency high-amplitude air velocity pulsations, strong time variation of the draught rate (DR) index may exist and the thermal environment categorization requires for space-distributed long-term computations and measurements. Abstract: The objective of the paper is to demons...
Surgical gowns and medical clothing have to protect the surgeons from the patient and vice versa. However, all players in the operating room (OR) have to be in a state of thermophysiological comfort. The comfort of the surgeons is of special importance, as they are exposed to stressful situations, which could influence their performance negatively....
The research studies in the porosity of textile macrostructures have always been relevant, but they have undergone significant progress with the development of optical devices and computer facilities. The main reason for this continuous interest is the strong correlation between textile porosity and the transfer of heat, fluids, and matter. Adequat...
The role of the smart textiles with embedded electronic components is continuously increasing. As the smart textiles involve conductive threads that are incorporated in the structure of a textile layer or the construction design of a garment, their characteristics, selection and long-life use are of particular importance. However, during the incorp...
The processing of grayscale images of woven macrostructures is a fast way for determination of their porosity. The method is suitable for complex macrostructures and textiles with uneven distribution and size of the pores. The study aims to assess the effect of the image segmentation threshold on the porosity determination. The experimental results...
There are different actors in an operating room (OR), who have controversial requirements for the indoor thermal environment. While the patient is at risk of perioperative hypothermia, the surgeons are in a state of thermophysiological discomfort. The study presents an analysis of the thermophysiological comfort of both patient and surgeons in an O...
Complete book with explanations and figures about weave patterns.
170 Pages 261 B/W Illustrations
Published November 20, 2019 by CRC Press
It is imperative a model be developed that can assess the difference between the amount of CO2, generated within the human body and the amount of CO2 that is ejected by the body as a function of indoor air parameters. This model would allow the assessment of the amount of the CO2 which is not ejected by the body through exhalation and which have to...
People are one of the sources for deterioration of the indoor air quality. They worsen indoor air quality by their
presence (respiration, bio-effluents), activities and habits. Through respiration, people decrease the oxygen concentration in
the air of the occupied space and increase carbon dioxide and water vapor concentration in the indoor air as...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important issue, considering that modern people spend most of their time indoors in houses, workplaces, recreation areas. IAQ has a serious impact on human health, comfort, performance, and wellbeing. In order to minimize the negative consequences, considerable efforts are made to assure the high quality of the indoor...
The paper presents results from CFD simulations, which aim to provide the best air distribution in a small climate chamber. Inside the climate chamber, the target volume, an exposure box, is placed. Two different ventilation approaches were tested ("diffusion ceiling" and "diffusion floor") with 27 cases simulation cases altogether. The results obt...
The paper presents a pilot study on the influence of cold indoor environment on the activity of the brain while solving mental tasks. The Neuro Sky Mind WaveTM technology was used to record EEGs during the cold exposure in two subzero environments. Tsai-Partington test was used to stimulate the brain activity during the state of thermophysiological...
It is imperative a model be developed that can assess the difference between the amount of CO2, generated within the human body and the amount of CO2 that is ejected by the body as a function of indoor air parameters. This model would allow the assessment of the amount of the CO2 which is not ejected by the body through exhalation and which have to...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important issue, considering that modern people spend most of their time indoors in houses, workplaces, recreation areas. IAQ has a serious impact on human health, comfort, performance, and wellbeing. In order to minimize the negative consequences, considerable efforts are made to assure the high quality of the indoor...
: People are one of the sources for deterioration of the indoor air quality. They worsen indoor air quality by their presence (respiration, bio-effluents), activities and habits. Through respiration, people decrease the oxygen concentration in the air of the occupied space and increase carbon dioxide and water vapor concentration in the indoor air...
The paper presents the dependency of neps in rotor spun yarns (cotton 100%) on variations of opening roller speed, teeth inclination of the opening roller and opening of the carded sliver. Three types of opening rollers and three levels of opening speed were used to produce 40 tex rotor yarns while keeping the other spinning parameters constant. Th...
In this paper, a comparative analysis of the capabilities of four leading software products for programming of embroidery machines was made. The implemented features in each software are systematized on a modular principle, and the innovations in the machine embroidering process are highlighted.
The principal goal of this material is to point the attention of HVAC system designers that evaluation and reduction of head losses and minor losses in ventilation systems ensures supplying the required air flow rate to the ventilated space, saves energy and decreases the useless generation of CO2.
Despite the efforts of the producers and all market players in the chain "from fibers to textiles" organic cotton occupies up to 1% of the cotton textiles and apparel worldwide. This paper discusses both the technological and environmental aspects of the organic cotton production. A comparison made between organic and conventional cotton length and...
Cotton is the most used natural fiber in the world for the production of textiles and apparel. Nowadays, there are three different possibilities for cotton growth in the world: production of conventional, organic, or genetically modified cotton. Their influence on human health, due to the application of pesticides, is discussed. The influence of th...
Smart and intelligent textiles together with wearable devices for cooling the human body assure active protection of the human body in a hot environment. The purpose of this article is to present the recent inventions in the field of wearable technologies and high-performance apparel that helps the thermophysiological comfort of people in high-temp...
The paper presents the specific design process of narrow fabrics with elastomeric yarns, which production needs jacquard weaving machine. Some particularities, related with the use of elastomeric threads in the warp are discussed. The design of an elastic band is shown as an example of the application of a narrow jacquard weaving machine and its de...
The study presents experiments, conducted with human subjects in an artificial cold chamber, assessing the influence of a cold environment on the temperature of the human body. Infrared thermography was applied as a non-invasive, contactless method for direct measurement of the temperature distribution of both clothed and uncovered parts of the bod...
The paper presents a numerical study on the heat transfer in through-thickness direction of single woven layers, based on the jet system theory. A mathematical model, involving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes partial differential equations is used, and two turbulence models (k − ɛ and RSM) are applied to solve the closure problem. Numerical res...
The thermophysiological comfort is one of the aspects of the human comfort. It is related to the thermoregulatory system of the body and its reactions to the temperature of the surrounding air, activity and clothing. The aim of the chapter is to present the state of the art in the wearable technologies for helping the human thermophysiological comf...