Radomira Nemcova

• University of Veterinary Medicine in Košice

We focused on investigation of E. coli infection influence on the turnover and apoptosis of intestinal mucosa. We have verified changes in proliferation and apoptosis in epithelial lining as well as in lamina propria of jejunum and colon of germ-free (GF) piglets as healthy control group and GF piglets in which at 5th day their gut was colonized wi...

Aims: We focused on investigating the influence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on the intestinal barrier. Material and methods: We studied changes in the distribution and secretory activities of goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells (EECs), as well as changes in the population of mast cells (MCs) in the jejunal and colonic mucosa of germ-free (G...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Weissella cibaria, Weissella hellenica and Bacillus coagulans, isolated from equine skin, against biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223 and clinical isolate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Non-neutralized cell-free supernatants (nnCFS) of tested ski...

The enteric nervous system (ENS), considered as separate branch of the autonomic nervous system, is located throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract as a series of interconnected ganglionic plexuses. Recently, the ENS is getting more in the focus of gastrointestinal research. For years, the main interest and research was aimed to the ent...

Dental plaque bacteria are one of the main factors responsible for the development of a periodontal disease, which is the most common infectious disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of periodontal disease-related bacteria in the dental plaque of dogs. Plaque samples were taken from dogs with and without periodontal di...

Biosurfactants (BSs) are surface-active compounds produced by diverse microorganisms, including the genus Bacillus. These bioactive compounds possess biological activities such as antiadhesive, antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects that can lead to important applications in combating many infections. Based on these findings, we decided to investiga...

Dental biofilm is a complex microbial community influenced by many exogenous and endogenous factors. Despite long-term studies, its bacterial composition is still not clearly understood. While most of the research on dental biofilms was conducted in humans, much less information is available from companion animals. In this study, we analyzed the co...

The aim of this work was to monitor the potential antibiofilm properties of biosurfactants (BS) isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3/22 against biofilm formation of the indicator strain Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223. In this work, the effect of BS 3/22 on biofilm growth during co-incubation, inhibition of biofilm-forming cell adhesion and bi...

Dental biofilm is a complex microbial community influenced by many exogenous and endogenous factors. Despite long-term studies, its bacterial composition is still not clearly understood. While most of the research on dental biofilms was conducted in humans, much less information is available from companion animals. In this study, we analyzed the co...

The health benefits of kefir consumption have been well-known for hundreds of years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of kefir milk and the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ž2 isolated from kefir grains on the immune response and selected parameters of the lipid and liver enzymatic profiles of mice. Mice fed wi...

Scientists around the world are focusing their interest on the use of probiotics in honey bees as an alternative method of prophylaxis against causative agents of both American and European foulbrood. In our study we tested inhibitory activity against Paenibacillus larvae and the biofilm formation activity by various lactic acid bacteria isolated f...

Dental diseases are a persistent problem, not only in humans, but very often in companion animals as well. Aetiological agents of these diseases are the dental plaque bacteria. In the present study, we focused on identifying cultivable bacteria living in the dental plaque of dogs, specifically dogs suffering from the early stages of periodontal dis...

The aim of this work was to monitor the potential antibiofilm properties of biosurfactants (BS) isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3/22 against biofilm formation of the indicator strain Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223. In this work, the effect of BS 3/22 on biofilm growth during co-incubation, inhibition of biofilm-forming cell adhesion and bi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a standardized animal model subjected to antibiotic treatment, and the effects of this treatment on the course of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By decontamination with selective antibiotics and observation of pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) induced chemically by ex...

Due to the interest in using probiotic bacteria in poultry production, this research was focused on evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Biocenol CCM 7514 administration on body weight gain and cytokine gene expression in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni. One-hundred and eight 1-day old COBB 500 broiler chickens were equal...

The oral microbiota has an important function of protecting against colonization of exogenous bacteria which could cause a systemic disease. On the other hand, the most common oral diseases, such as periodontitis or dental caries, are caused by microorganisms. A deeper microbiological study of this environment is needed to understand the relationsh...

Dental microbiota is associated with different types of organisms with dentition including humans and is responsible for many oral diseases all over the world. Bacteria in a dental biofilm are important also in other diseases, i.e., endocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, and arthritis, and some findings predict the connection of dental microbiota with c...

Alginite is a non-ore raw material arising by fossilization of accumulated organic (algae) and inorganic material, particularly clay, carbonates, quartz, and amorphous modification of silicic acid in the aqueous environment. Humic acids as a component of organic portion of alginite are known for very good buffering ability which allows them to stab...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/antibiotic-use-in-animals/antibiotic-treated-spf-mice-as-a-gnotobiotic-model

Resistance of pathogenic bacteria is currently one of the major medical problems. Most microbial infections are based on the formation of biofilms, which are a significant reservoir of pathogens. The aim of this study is to determine the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants isolated from intestinal lactobacilli and marine bacter...

FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis of the intestinal tract of conventional mice, following 14-day supplementation of feed with host non-specific (porcine) strain L. reuteri L2/6, showed in the presence of complex microbiota, a significant increase in the counts of representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and...

Probiotic bacteria are frequently used for prevention of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, but there are only limited studies on their efficacy against viral gut infections in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol(TM) on the innate and adaptive immune responses...

The aim of this study was to identify beneficial bacteria with probiotic potential from kefir grains. The lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains were characterised as: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus kefiri. The strains Lb. plantarum 1Ž, Lb. paraplantarum S10, and Lb. paracasei 2Ž to...

Alginite is organic matter rich in humic substances and commonly found in nature, but despite that, the knowledge of its biological effects is limited. In our study we focused on monitoring the effects of alginite alone, as well as its effect as a carrier of probiotic lactobacilli on the cellular immune response in SPF mice after infection with Sal...

The experiment was carried out on 24 SPF BALB/c female mice and lasted for 15 days with a 5-day antibiotic (ATB) treatment and then 10 days without ATB treatment. The aim of our study was to acquire an animal model with reduced and controlled microflora and, at the same time, to ensure that the good health of these animals is maintained. Per oral a...

This study investigated for 14 days post-weaning, the influence of dietary supplementation of synbiotics in the form of probiotic cheeses containing cultures of L. plantarum and L. fermentum and crushed flaxseed (source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids — PUFAs and fibre) on 36 commercial piglets originating from an infected herd (Coronavirus and...

APPROACHES USEFUL FOR SELECTION OF POTENTIAL BENEFICIAL MICROBIOTA IN ORAL CAVITY Madar M.; Fedorova M.; StaSkova A.; Nemcova R.; Gancarcikova S. University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy in Kosice, Slovakia Introduction: Interestingly, despite the current knowledge, oral cavity diseases such as caries dentis, parodontitis or stomatitis a...

Lekárnické listy 05/2016 ISSN 1335-5821

Kocuria spp. are widely distributed in nature. They are Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, coccoid bacteria belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, suborder Micrococcineae, order Actinomycetales, class Actinobacteria. In general, limited knowledge exists concerning the properties associated with the representants of the genus Kocuria, Kocuria krist...

The study of biofilm function in vivo in various niches of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is rather limited. It is more frequently used in in vitro approaches, as an alternative to the studies focused on formation mechanisms and function of biofilms, which do not represent the actual in vivo complexity of microbial structures. Additionally, in vi...

The new visualization techniques for study of the bacterial microflora in gastrointestinal tract M. Maďar, M. Sližová M, D. Mudroňova, M. Popper, S. Gancarčíková, R. Nemcová Laboratory of gnotobiology, University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy in Kosice Institute of immunology, University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy in Kosice It i...

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of flaxseed and lactobacilli supplementation to the diet of piglets during the time period between 10 days before and 21 days after weaning. The morphometry of the jejunal mucosa and proliferative ratio of both epithelial and lamina propria cells were compared with those found in a group of pigl...

In this study, the biofilm-forming potential of intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri strains under different culture conditions was characterized by microtiter plate biofilm assays. Moreover, the spatial organization of exogenously applied L.reuteri L2/6 (a pig isolate) at specific locations in gastrointestinal tract of monoassociated mice was investig...

The present study analyses the effect of flax-seed oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum – BiocenolTM LP96 and their combination on the expression level of selected Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9) and their downstream molecules (myeloid differentiation factor 88, My...

American foulbrood is a dangerous world-wide spread disease of honey bees caused by the Paenibacillus larvae bacterium. Antibiotic treatments are less effective and leave residues in bee products. It is therefore necessary to find an alternative, especially using natural ingredients such as plant essential oils, probiotics, fatty or organic acids....

In the present study, we examined the adherence of indigenous vaginal bacteria, probiotic strains, and metritis pathogens to mucus collected from different parts of the reproductive tracts of heifers and cows and compared their adherence with the bacterial adherence to mucus collected from the stomach and large intestine of pigs. Most of the vagina...

The aim of this study was to determine the immune response after preventive administration of flax-seed oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs) or probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum - Biocenol™ LP96 or their combination in the jejunum of ETEC-challenged gnotobiotic pigs. Subsequently, gene expression of selected cytokines, phagocytic activity of leukocytes f...

The colonization of the digestive tract in animals begins soon after birth, and the normal microbiota changes dramatically during the life of the host. The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota differs between animal species. In principle, the role of gut microbiota in animals is similar to those in humans but some of its functions are emp...

We investigated the influence of administration of flax-seed oil on interaction of Lactobacillus plantarum - Biocenol™ LP96 and Escherichia coli O8:K88ab:H9 in the gut of germ-free piglets. When compared to animals supplemented with L. plantarum, the counts of lactobacilli in the jejunal and ileal mucosa and in the intestinal content were significa...

Die enzymatische Aktivität der Pansen-Mikroflora bei Kälbern Es wurde bei Kälbern die enzymatische Aktivität des Panseninhalts von Cellulase (E.C. 3.2.1.4.), Alpha-Amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1.), Urease (E.C. 3.5.1.5.) und der neutralen Protease bei Milchernährung bestimmt. In der 5. bis 6. Lebenswoche wurden die höchsten Aktivitäten beobachtet.

The present study examined the impact of Enterococcus faecium on morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets during milk nutrition and weaning. The experiment was carried out on (18) gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets were non-colostral and the feeding ration consisted of autoclave...

In our experiment effect of flaxseed, mixed in standard diet (alone and in combination with probiotic bacteria) during feeding period, on lipid oxidation and sensory properties of pork (thigh muscles) stored at freezing (-21 °C) and chilling (4 °C) conditions was studied. Oxidation processes expressed as changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in...

Probiotic bacteria are used to balance a disturbed intestinal microflora and related dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They could be an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. This study has investigated the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and potentiated probiotics on the health and prod...

The objective of this study was to obtain knowledge about the postnatal development of microflora and the production of short-chain fatty acids in 24 piglets suckled by sows and 26 piglets fed on milk replacement. On day 14 piglets which had received no colostrum had higher counts of Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001) and coliform bacteria (p <0.001) i...

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the je...

Spectroscopic (IR), thermoanalytical (TG/DTG, DTA) and biological methods were applied to investigate physicochemical and biological properties of seven zinc(II) complex compounds of the following formula Zn(HCOO)2·2H2O (I), Zn(HCOO)2·tph (II), Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O (III), Zn(CH3COO)2·tph (IV), Zn(CH3COO)2·2phen (V), Zn(CH3CH2COO)2·2H2O (VI), Zn(CH3CH2C...

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and matrix-assisted laser des-orption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) have been used for analysis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), used as feed additives (prebiotics), in biological samples. The contents of different regions of a piglet's intestine (jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) were ana-lyzed. Raftilose,...

The aim of the present work was to study the changes in the activity of disaccharidase enzymes (lactase. maltase, saccharase) in the small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs aged 0–35 days and inoculated with Enterococcus faecium. The continual decrease of lactase activity was observed from the 14th day of age up to the end of the experiment. The most s...

According to published data, it is well known that essential oils from plants possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens, including Salmonella strains. The influence of the administration of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as well as Lactobacillus fermentum on crop, caecum, liver and...

The protection of human health as well as the quality and safe food assurance becomes the priority of European research in the sphere of animal production. The negative experiences with the using of antibiotic growth promoters lead to subsequent reduction of their application. It is necessary to replace them by the growth promoters of natural origi...

The influence of zinc(II) propionate on the efficacy of Lactobacillus fermentum against Salmonella enterica serovar Düsseldorf was tested in Japanese quails. Twenty one 3-day old Japanese quails were divided into 3 groups each consisting of 7 birds and inoculated orally: (i) group A (control) with Rogosa broth; (ii) group B with rifampicin-resistan...

Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (O83:K24:H31) has been successfully used for prophylactic and therapeutic intestinal colonization of premature and newborn infants, with the aim of preventing nosocomial infections. Although E. coli A0 34/86 was described as a nonpathogenic commensal, partial sequencing revealed that its genome harbours gene clusters highl...

This study presents the application of a rapid, simple and inexpensive thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the analysis of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) as feed additives (prebiotics) in complicated biological samples with minimal pre-treatment. Prebiotics have been monitored in different parts of the intestinal tract (jejunum, ileum and colon) of...

The colonization of the digestive tract in animals begins soon after birth or hatching and the normal microbiota changes dramatically during the life of the host. The composition of gastrointestinal microbiota differs between animal species, between individuals within the same species and between the body sites of the host. The gut microbiota is a...

This chapter describes the development of the digestive tract of gnotobiotic animals. Gnotobiology is the science of gnotobiotic animals. Gnotobiotic animals possess microflora and microflora is of great importance in the development of the digestive tract. The use of gnotobiotic animals in experiments has enabled the study of the role of microorga...

The protective (ENT1) and therapeutic (ENT2) effects of enterocin A (Ent), produced by Enterococcus faecium EK13, against Salmonella enterica serovar Dusseldorf SA31 was determined in a model of gnotobiotic Japanese quails. Twenty-one 3 days old birds were divided into 3 groups of equal size; (ENT1, ENT2 and control group - CG). They were experimen...

The preventive and therapeutic effects of enterocin A produced by the Enterococcus faecium EK13 strain (own isolate) on the structure of intestinal epithelium of gnotobiotic Japanese quails. Three days old quails were infected with Salmonella Duesseldorf SA 31 strain. Prominent marked damage to enterocytes and their necrotization was observed in Sa...

The effects of age, weaning and breeding conditions on the small intestinal morphology and the distribution of immunocompetent cells were investigated. The villus height and numbers of CD3+ T-lymphocytes, measured in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, were determined in both the gnotobiotic and conventionally bred piglets. The diet of gnotobiotic pig...

The effect of application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) on intestinal colonization by Lactobacillus paracasei and on cellular immunity has been investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids positively affected the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei to the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic p...

The effect of the enterocin A-producing EK strain of Enterococcus faecium on Salmonella dusseldorf SA31 was tested in gnotobiotic Japanese quails. Sixteen 3-day-old gnotobiotic Japanese quails, hatched from disinfected eggs placed in sterile boxes, were divided into two groups of 8 birds: a control group, which was inoculated orally with the SA31 s...

Thin layer chromatography with flame-ionization detection has been used for analysis of olionsaccharides. We report preliminary TLC-FID analysis of fructooligosaccharides in samples from monogastric animals fed either on Raftifeed (Orafti, Tienen, Belgium), a commercial dietetic product containing fructooligosaccharides, or on maltodextrin. Chromat...

Three gut lactobacilli from piglets (Lactobacillus plantarum L 5, Lactobacillus paracasei L 81, Lactobacillus fermentum L 670) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c.) from a calf were examined by microtitre plate binding assay for their lectin-like binding activity after their cultivation on Rogosa agar and in MRS broth. Three ECM (ext...

The aim of this study was to investigate extracellular matrix (ECM) and mucin binding of selected bacterial isolates with probiotic features in comparison with commercially used probiotic bacteria. ECM molecules were immobilized in microtitre plates (mucin and fetuin) or on the surface of latex beads. Porcine mucin was bound by all 13 probiotic str...

Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can...

This work was focused on the effects of administration of Lactobacillus paracasei and the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) Raftilose P95 upon the immune system of piglets 10 days after birth and 10 days after weaning under standard farming conditions. The piglets were divided into three groups of 30 animals: F - combined application of Lc. paracasei and...

Two experiments were carried out on gnotobiotic piglets by model infection with the strain Escherichia coli O:8 K88 + Ent - to investigate the influence of preventive, short-term and preventive continuous long-term administration of the Lactobacillus casei strain on basic haematological and immunological parameters. In each of the experiments, the...

Four gut Lactobacillus strains displaying the features which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products were investigated together with 5 fresh isolates and one collection strain of Lactobacillus plantarum for their ability to bind type I collagen (Cn-I). Immobilised Cn-I in microtitre plates was bound only by 3 stra...

The influence of administration of Lactobacillus paracasei alone and mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei and fructooligosaccharide on faecal bacteria counts in the weanling pigs was investigated. The administration of Lactobacillus paracasei alone significantly decreased Clostridium (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05) counts as compared to...

The influence of preventive administration of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and maltodextrin KMS X-70 on Escherichia coli 08: K88 adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract of 11 conventional and 6 gnotobiotic piglets was investigated. The preventive administration of L. casei alone had almost no inhibitory effect on the adherence of E. coli to the...

The effect of inoculation of Lactobacillus casei on selected parameters of metabolic profile and intestinal metabolism of gnotobiotic piglets was investigated during the first three weeks of their life. The experiment was carried out on 8 germ-free piglets. The experimental group was inoculated once a day with the Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei s...

In the present study, the effect of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Lactobacillus fermentum inoculation on jejunum and ileum colonization in gnotobiotic piglets has been observed. The characteristic features of the strains used were strong adherence to pig epithelial gut cells as well as inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic E. coli und...

Fourteen strains of lactobacilli isolated from the gut of suckling pigs were identified and studied to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial feed additives, acid tolerance, adherence to epithelial cells from the porcine intestine and antimicrobial activity. Four strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei, two strains as L...

The study presented investigated the influence of application of a probiotic on the selected traits of the immune system (total leucocyte number - Le, differential blood picture - DBP, per cent of phagocytic activity - % PA, index of phagocytic activity - IPA, total immunoglobulins - TIg) which was affected by administration of ovalbumin with the a...

The effect of continuous administration of Lactobacillus casei 294/89 on selected parameters of metabolic profile, gut ecosystem, growth, and health in calves on the average 8 week old with a well-established gut microflora has been studied. Throughout 4 weeks, Lactobacillus casei was daily administered to experimental calves at 2 g per os. 1 g of...

The present knowledge of research makes it possible to use a whole range of stabilized micro-organisms and their metabolites for the production of preparations known as probiotics. The mechanism of the effect of probiotics, although it is not fully elucidated, is closely connected with the properties of the production strains. When selecting them,...