Rachel Davis

• Stanford University

Introduction Stroke lesion volume on MRI or CT provides objective evidence of tissue injury as a consequence of ischemic stroke. Measurement of “final” lesion volume at 24hr following endovascular therapy (post-EVT) has been used in multiple studies as a surrogate for clinical outcome. However, despite successful recanalization, a significant propo...

Background: Measurement of “final” lesion volume at 24hr following endovascular therapy (post-EVT) has been used in multiple studies as a surrogate for clinical outcome. However, despite successful recanalization, a significant proportion of patients do not experience favorable clinical outcome. Methods: This is a prospective study of acute ischemi...

Background: Substantial evidence indicates that delay of first treatment after diagnosis is associated with poorer survival outcomes in breast cancer. Accordingly, the Commission on Cancer introduced a quality measure for receipt of therapeutic surgery within 60 days of diagnostic biopsy for stage I-III breast cancer patients in the non-neoadjuvan...

Introduction: Bladder capacity (BC) is an important metric in the management of patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE). BC is frequently used to determine eligibility for surgical continence procedures, such as bladder neck reconstruction (BNR), and is associated with the likelihood of achieving urinary continence. Objective: To use readi...

A substantial proportion of acute stroke patients fail to recover following successful endovascular therapy (EVT) and injury to the brain and vasculature secondary to reperfusion may be a contributor. Acute stroke patients were included with: i) large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation, ii) successful recanalization, and iii) evaluable MR...

Introduction: Lesion volume on MRI or CT provides evidence of tissue response to successful recanalization by endovascular therapy. The most appropriate time to estimate “infarct” volume remains unclear. Largely for convenience, 24-48 hours has been used in clinical trials and registry datasets which may be too early to determine the final infarct...

Introduction: Perihematomal edema is a consequence of primary intracerebral hemorrhage. On diffusion MRI, a corresponding heterogenous pattern of hypo- and hyper-intensity is visible on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), suggesting both cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. Analogously, endovascular therapy (EVT) for ischemic stroke can result in hemor...

Introduction: A substantial proportion of acute stroke patients experience poor outcomes following successful endovascular therapy (EVT) and reperfusion injury to the brain and vasculature may be a contributor. The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize hyperemia following recanalization and test the association of hyperemia with evolution...

Health needs assessments identify important issues to be addressed and assist organizations in prioritizing resources. Using data from the Mid-South Congregational Health Survey, top health needs (physical, mental, social determinants of health) were identified, and differences in needs by key demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, educat...

Introduction: Needle biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis of breast malignancy. Significant histologic changes due to tissue damage have been reported in solid tumors. This study investigated the association between time from needle biopsy and inflammation in breast tumors. Methods: A total of 73 stage I-II invasive breast cancer cases d...

Introduction: Despite complete recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy, abnormal perfusion can be detected on MRI obtained post-endovascular therapy (EVT). The presence of residual perfusion abnormalities post-EVT may be associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown in response to mechanical disruption of the endothelium from multiple-pass throm...

Background: Health needs assessments help congregations identify issues of importance to them and the communities they serve. Few tools exist, with little known about the processes needed to develop such tools. Objective: Develop a congregational health needs assessment tool and implementation protocol with community, healthcare, and academic part...

Background Time to surgery (TTS) has been suggested to have an association with mortality in early-stage breast cancer. Objective This study aims to determine the association between TTS and preoperative disease progression in tumor size or nodal status among women diagnosed with clinical T1N0M0 ductal breast cancer. Methods Women diagnosed with...

Introduction: A significant portion of patients despite achieving successful recanalization following endovascular therapy (EVT) still have some residual perfusion deficit. The objective of this study was to identify the association of residual perfusion deficit with recanalization status and clot presence post EVT. Methods: Patients were included...

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a trimeric protein which signals through two membrane receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Previously, we identified small molecules that inhibit human TNF by stabilising a distorted trimer and reduce the number of receptors bound to TNF from three to two. Here we present a biochemical and structural characterisation of the s...

Introduction: With current trends towards delaying the closure of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE), bladder growth rate or ultimate capacity may be impacted. Objective: To examine consecutive bladder capacities in CBE patients who had primary closures at differing ages and determine whether there is an optimal age for closure, with reference to b...

Introduction: Repair of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is known to alter dimensions of the bony pelvic ring. Pelvic volume and acetabular configuration are additional metrics which merit analysis in the reconstruction process. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for precise elucidation of such anatomy in pediatric patients, providi...

Chemotherapy is a mainstay of treatment for solid tumors. However, little is known about how therapy-induced immune cell infiltration may affect therapy response. We found substantial CD45+ immune cell density adjacent to E-selectin expressing inflamed vessels in doxorubicin (DOX)-treated residual human breast tumors. While CD45 level was significa...

Introduction While evaluation and management options for classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) patients are numerous and varied, little is known regarding the relative utilization of these different methods throughout the world. A large group of exstrophy surgeons practicing globally was surveyed, seeking to document their methods of care. Methods A lis...

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins; it has been shown to be a key mediator in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. While TNF is the target of several successful biologic drugs, attempts to design small molecule therapies directed to this cytokine have not led to app...

Objective: To explore a series of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) cases referred to the authors' institution where primary closure with penile disassembly epispadias repair was complicated by penile injury. The penile disassembly technique is frequently combined with bladder closure in patients with CBE undergoing the complete primary repair of ex...

Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) present clinically across a varied spectrum, ranging from severe obstruction with massive distension of the bladder and upper urinary tracts in the fetus, to a much more indolent course with minor secondary changes in the young or older child. Type III (diaphragm) PUVs are relatively uncommon, and are associated wit...

Objective: To compare the surgical subspecialties performing bladder exstrophy closures and characterize their practice patterns using both a national and institutional database. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIPP) database was reviewed for all bladder exstrophy closures performed from 2012 to 2017. A si...

Purpose Closure of bladder exstrophy is one of the most complex reconstructive procedures. Basic concepts of these operations, as well as their subtle nuances, require years of experience. However, the volume of these cases is low. The authors describe the experience of a junior surgeon learning the details of exstrophy closure during fellowship an...

Introduction: Classic bladder exstrophy is one of the rarest congenital anomalies compatible with life. Surgical treatment of bladder exstrophy has progressed, but the goal of surgery remains a successful primary bladder closure. Several factors have been identified to decrease the risk of failed closure, including appropriate use of osteotomy and...

Purpose: Due to the large abdominal defect from the omphalocele and extreme pubic diastasis in cloacal exstrophy (CE), bioprosthetic material may be used to bridge this gap during abdominal closure in CE. This study examined presurgical factors associated with the use of bioprosthetic materials in CE closure and complications in these patients. M...

Purpose: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is the most severe presentation of the Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (EEC) and is associated with an omphalocele, making the bladder and abdominal wall closure difficult. If the bladder closure fails, a secondary closure is necessary. The objective of this study is to identify patient or surgical factors associated w...

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the measurement properties of the Return-To-Work Self-Efficacy (RTWSE) scale in injured Canadian workers. Method: We assessed internal consistency, construct-convergent, and known-groups validity of the RTWSE scale's total score and the pain management and re-injury self-efficacy (PRSE), supe...

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are indicative of metastatic disease in multiple types of solid tumors. Technologic advances in CTC enrichment have yielded profound variability in both quantity and phenotypic characteristics of CTCs. While size-based exclusion methods have improved the sensitivity of CTC capture, their diminished specificity require...

We provide an overview of the comprehensive evaluation of State Public Health Actions to Prevent and Control Diabetes, Heart Disease, Obesity and Associated Risk Factors and Promote School Health (State Public Health Actions). State Public Health Actions is a program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to support the statewide...

Background: Shoulder injuries in working age adults result in a major cost to the health care system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a new multidisciplinary rehabilitation program and to explore factors that affected a successful return to work (RTW) in injured workers with shoulder problems who received this program....

Background (issue/problem) Beyond the direct deleterious toll on individuals, injury incurs high costs to the healthcare sector and increases the risk of other poor health outcomes, such as chronic illness and poor mental wellbeing. The healthcare sector can play important roles in injury prevention, not only by treating injured patients, but also...

Background Violence poses a serious health challenge, and leads to death, injury and chronic disease. Given the range and complexity of the factors that increase or reduce the likelihood of violence, no single agency can prevent violence on its own. However, it can be challenging to harness the diverse skills, expertise, and assets of so many group...

We describe violence in the United States (US) and solutions the Urban Networks to Increase Thriving Youth (UNITY) Initiative has developed, led by Prevention Institute, a US non-governmental organization (NGO) and authors of this article, with initial funding from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Safety distribution across...

The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes violence as a threat to sustainability. To serve as a context, we provide an overview of the Sustainable Development Goals as they relate to violence prevention by including a summary of key documents informing violence prevention efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) a...

Violence is a preventable, public health crisis in the United States. Young people are powerfully affected by violence, and it is critical that we advance prevention as a vital part of the solution to defend childhood. Violence affects where we live, where we work, where we go to school, and whether our children go to school or if we can work. Expe...

Evidence, particularly practice-based evidence, is needed to guide public health practice. With the goal of contributing to practice-based evidence, the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention combined and streamlined aspects of an evaluability assessment and an effectiveness evaluation to...

In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contracted an evaluation of the Aggressively Treating Global Cardiometabolic Risk Factors to Reduce Cardiovascular Events (AT GOAL) programme as part of its effort to identify strategies to address CVD risk factors. Th...

Violence injures, maims and kills people before their time, and it undermines efforts to help young people succeed in life. Given the range and complexity of the root causes of violence, no single agency can prevent violence on its own, yet these fields often don't realise what difference they can make and aren't sure how to be most effective. The...

This Guide applies the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (“Guiding Principles”) to the specific context of employment and recruitment (“E&R”) agencies. Recognising that each company is different, it is intended to help E&R agencies “translate” respect for human rights into their own systems and company cultures. It summarises what...

This Guide applies the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (“Guiding Principles”) to the specific context of Oil & Gas. Recognising that each company is different, it is intended to help oil and gas companies “translate” respect for human rights into their own systems and company cultures. It summarises what the Guiding Principles ex...

Where we live, work, learn, and play impacts our life expectancy and also the quality and richness of our lives. Life expectancies differ across zip codes, with communities of color and low-income communities experiencing severe disparities. Using a Freierean model of community learning, the Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments...

The roots of violence are complex and are represented across the socio-ecological spectrum. While law enforcement is typically the agency tasked with addressing violence, it is clear that many departments and agencies of local government have influence over the determinants of violence. This paper presents research conducted with CDC funded UNITY i...

Problem & Relevance: Life expectancies differ across zip codes, with communities of color and low-income communities experiencing severe health disparities. Using a Freierean model of community learning, the Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) enables community-driven efforts to address community health and health equ...

Using Freireian approach to educating communities for self-advocacy, the Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) seeks to enable the raising of community consciousness of their critical role in addressing social determinants of health. The original THRIVE tool was developed with funding from the Office of Minority Health...

Violence leads to death, injuries and chronic disease, and poses a serious health challenge for young people. Urban Networks to Increase Thriving Youth (UNITY), a CDC funded initiative, is a national effort that supports U.S. cities to shift local practices to emphasize a multi-sector public health approach to reducing violence. UNITY promotes an i...

The Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) seeks to enable the raising of community consciousness of their critical role in addressing social determinants of health. The original THRIVE tool was developed with funding from the Office of Minority Health (HHS) between 2002 and 2004. The tool was successfully piloted in an...

The growing recognition of the impact of violence on health outcomes, like chronic disease, presents an opportunity to bring attention to efforts in preventing violence. Healthy food and activity practitioners are increasingly noting that violence undermines the effectiveness of their efforts to prevent chronic disease. It negatively affects where...

Violence leads to death, injuries and chronic disease, and it poses a serious health challenge for young people, especially children and adolescents in U.S. cities. When young people witness or suffer from violence, their brains develop differently as a result. The parts of the brain responsible for controlling impulses, regulating stress, solving...

Place and community conditions significantly affect health. People lead healthier lives in communities with walkable and bikeable streets, safe parks and playgrounds, grocery stores selling healthy foods and beverages, and neighbors who know one another. Healthy food and physical activity practitioners and advocates increasingly note that violence...

Healthy communities lead to healthy minds, but neither can be sustained without healthy, community-wide social norms. Prevention Institute has identified five key norms that limit community health by increasing the likelihood of sexual and domestic violence (SDV): a culture of violence, limited roles for women, narrow definitions of masculinity, an...

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO TRAIL and death receptor (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) agonistic antibodies have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and their clinical trials have produced positive results. However, there are no small organic molecular weight compounds that bind to TRAIL-death receptors and induce apoptosis...

Good health is a matter of social justice. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Disparities commissioned this paper to identify policy solutions at the community, regional and state level to reduce inequities in health and safety. To understand the landscape and delineate a set of solutions, the authors scanned literature and white pape...

Recent studies have suggested that sulforaphane, a compound found largely in cruciferous vegetables, could inhibit tumor growth through regulation of angiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which it inhibits angiogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which sulforaphane (SNF) inhibits angioge...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Zolinza/vorinostat) could sensitize tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant breast carcinoma in vivo. BALB/c nude mice were orthotopically implanted with TRAIL-resistant MDA-MB-468 cells and treated...

Violence against women (VAW) results in physical, emotional and fiscal harm to women, children, families and entire communities. While women, children and families who have been victimized need appropriate services and responses, equally important is ensuring that everything possible be done to prevent violence from occurring in the first place. Al...

The Community Action Partnership (CAP) in Oxnard, CA undertook a community planning process to promote positive youth development and reduce gang violence with the overarching vision of improving community health. The collaborative, interdisciplinary effort brought together representatives from diverse sectors, ranging from elected officials and la...

A new framework for addressing urban violence is emerging that recognizes the critical role of public health and prevention and recognizes that violence cannot be addressed exclusively as a criminal justice issue after-the-fact. This session will present models from cities that are transcending the traditional borders of a criminal justice approach...

As the intimate partner violence (IPV) movement shifts to an expanded focus on primary prevention, there is a growing need for concrete strategies and key venues in which to catalyze and sustain change. Synthesizing lessons learned from a national web-based dialogue of IPV prevention advocates and practitioners and a qualitative assessment involvin...

The World health Organization's World Report on Violence and Health characterized violence as a universal challenge. In the report's forward, Nelson Mandela said, The twentieth century will be remembered as a century marked by violenceViolence can be prevented. In my own country and around the world, we have shining examples of how violence has bee...

Increasingly, cities around the country are implementing innovative, comprehensive efforts to prevent violence. Many of these are in alignment with an emerging urban framework for violence prevention. Given the growing recognition that we cannot arrest our way out of this issue and the critical role of public health, this session will explore the i...

Local face-to-face provider training has the benefit of enabling participants to network with people in their communities who are working on similar issues, to engage in interactive discussions, and to learn from local experts and local program examples. However, face-to-face training has considerable costs (labor and expense) and provides limited...

Research has shown that even after adjusting for individual risk factors, there are neighborhood differences in health outcomes. The neighborhood conditions that contribute to health disparities are related to a history of bias directed against people of color. These conditions in the community environment, such as deteriorated housing, poor educat...

With funding from The California Endowment, Prevention Institute synthesized findings from a review of nearly 100 community indicator reports and interviews with more than 60 individuals in the document Good Health Counts. This presentation will focus on how community indicator reports can assist communities in addressing major health concerns and...

Despite efforts by residents and elected officials, cities across the country still grapple with violence. Violence is among the biggest health threats affecting communities today, yet it can be prevented. Its prevention requires an approach that builds on a combination of community and systemic action along with a focus on family and individual re...

As communities strive to address health concerns and monitor and sustain progress, community indicator reports can be a powerful tool. Community indicator reports use selected indicators to track social, health, and economic conditions in defined geographic areas. Reports provide a tool for measuring crucial information in a community, making it av...

Many public health solutions to chronic diseases involve individual lifestyle choices: eating more healthfully, increasing physical activity, and quitting smoking. This approach neglects barriers in the community environment that make modifying unhealthy behaviors challenging. Addressing environmental barriers is an essential strategy to supporting...

Many public health solutions to chronic diseases involve individual lifestyle choices: eating more healthfully, increasing physical activity, and quitting smoking. This approach neglects barriers in the community environment that make modifying unhealthy behaviors challenging. Addressing environmental barriers is an essential strategy to supporting...

Prevention Institute, a nonprofit, national center dedicated to health and well-being, developed a toolkit for health and resilience in vulnerable environments (THRIVE), a community assessment tool, to help communities bolster factors that will improve health outcomes and reduce disparities experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. THRIVE is gro...

The happy-sad chimeric faces test has been established as a useful test of right hemispheric function. It is known to elicit a left hemifacial bias (LHF bias) in right handed subjects. 41 normals and 19 manic, depressive and schizophrenic patients each were tested. All subjects were strictly right handed. Normals and depressives showed significant...

A fifty year old man presented to a psychiatric unit with catatonia. He was later found to have a brain abscess in the left frontal region. Brain abscess has not been previously reported to be associated with catatonia.

This article appeared in The Fourth R (1998;84:1,3-8,13-15), a publication of the National Institute for Dispute Resolution. At an interview for a position as a counselor in a school in which the students are threatened by a great deal of violence, I was asked how I would go about implementing a violence prevention program. As I started to answer,...