R S Singh

Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi | BHU · Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology

The winter period is most ideal for studying near-surface aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India, since this period is inundated with significantly higher concentrations of aerosols across the unique geographical domain because of shallow atmospheric boundary layer. This study focuses on analysing the concentration of the biotic compon...

This study investigated the degradation of Acid Blue 113 (AB 113) dye using Klebsiella grimontii entrapped Graphene Oxide-Calcium Alginate Hydrogel beads (KG-GO-CA) in a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (FBBR) under varying inlet loading rates. The minimum fluidization velocity of the KG-GO-CA hydrogel beads in FBBR was found to be 0.15 mm/s. The KG-GO-CA...

Integratingphotocatalysisand biodegradation has shown great potential in wastewater treatment technology. In this study, the degradation of p-cresol in water has been investigated through an integrated system comprising of photocatalytic and packed bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). In the photocatalytic reactor, the biodegradability index (BOD5/COD, BOD5...

In this study Ochrobactrum intermedium (Alhpa-22) was isolated from petroleum refinery sludge and characterized by using 16rRNA. In experimentation, for decolrization of methyl orange dye an indigenous noble bacterial ochrobactrum intermedium (Alhpa-22) at 35 °C has been used in a bioreactor. The ochrobactrum bacterial decolorized methyl orange dye...

Wastewater containing excess phenolic compounds is considered a major environmental concern due to its adverse impacts on the ecosystem. In this work, an effort has been given to treat the p-cresol from wastewater using Recirculating Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor (RPBBR). The process parameters, namely inoculum dose, pH, and NaCl (w/v) concentration w...

In this study, Bacillus licheniformis immobilized with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was employed to degrade Brilliant Green (BG) dye from wastewater in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR). Bacterial growth and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion were also assessed under different concentrations of BG dye. The impacts of external mass tr...

The objective of this work was to develop a low-cost and efficient biocarrier for biodegradation of azo dye (i.e., Congo red (CR) dye). The potential bacterial species, i.e., Lysinibacillus fusiformis KLM1 and Lysinibacillus macrolides KLM2, were isolated from the dye-contaminated site. These bacterial species were immobilized onto the polypropylen...

It has long been known that the textile industry generates a massive amount of synthetic waste across the globe. Dye-containing wastewater is carcinogenic, mutagenic, recalcitrant, and xenobiotic. Several techniques have been developed for textile wastewater treatment. Most often, especially for dye-containing synthetic waste, bioremediation has no...

In this study, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal efficiency of peanut shell biochar (PSB) and modified peanut shell biochar (MPSB) was compared in aqueous solutions. The modification was carried out with KMnO4 and KOH. Sorption efficiency of MPSB was relatively higher than PSB at pH 6 for As(III) (86%) and for As(V) (91.26%) for initi...

Imidacloprid is one of the frequently used insecticides. Indiscriminate use of imidacloprid makes it perilous to non-target organisms as well as the environment, including soil and water sources, thus, making its elimination from the environment an irresistible concern. Bioremediation is a technique that uses the degrading capabilities of bacteria...

This study aims to investigate the biodegradation of brilliant green (BG) dye in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) using Bacillus lichenifomis immobilized polyurethane (PU) foam as support material. The operating process parameters (e.g., pH, dye concentration, and inoculum dose) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial n...

In the last few decades, Brilliant green (BG) dye is widely employed to color the fabric materials in various industries (e.g., textile, pulp and paper, etc.). The wastewater containing BG dye emerges as a major challenge among the researchers due to its toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects on human beings and marine life. In this context, th...

This work investigated the performance of the integrated system (i.e., a Photocatalytic reactor followed by a Fixed bed bioreactor (PC-FBR)) for the degradation of complex Acid Blue 113 from wastewater. Initially, a Photocatalytic reactor was employed to improve the biodegradability index (i.e., BOD/COD) of wastewater from 0.21 ± 0.0062 to 0.395 ±...

Bioaerosols are present everywhere around us, either on surfaces or in the air. Depending on their nature, these bioaerosols have positive or negative impacts on our bodies. Our immune system always creates a balance in our health system in response to these bioaerosols. If our body’s immune system is compromised for a while, it could have many sev...

4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) is a persistent organic pollutant commonly found in petrochemical effluents. It causes toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human beings and aquatic lives. Therefore, an environmentally benign and cost-effective approach is needed against such pollutants. In this direction, the chlorophenol degrading bacterial consorti...

Background: Curcumin is well known bioactive compound available in Curcuma domestica Valet i.e. turmeric. The research work was carried with intention to get maximum yield of medicinally active constituents (Curcumin) of Curcuma domestica Valet. rhizomes through supercritical fluid extraction. Methods: The experiments were conducted in the year 201...

In the past few decades, the presence of persistent and emerging contaminants in the wastewater has become a major concern due to their associated threats and impacts on the aquatic life and human health. It requires the development of an environmentally benign and cost-effective technique for the removal of such contaminants. In this direction, a...

Dyes are an important class of organic pollutants and are well known for their adverse effects on aquatic life and human beings. In this work, an effort has been made to treat the dye-containing wastewater using modified biocarriers in packed bed bioreactors (PBBRs). Lysinibacillus sp. immobilized polyurethane foam combined with activated carbon an...

In this work, an effort has been made to design the process variables and to analyse the impact of mixing intensity on mass transfer diffusion in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). A lab-scale MBBR, filled with Bacillus cereus GS2 IIT (BHU) immobilized-polyethylene biocarriers, was employed to optimize the process variables, including mixing inte...

The presence of emerging contaminants in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants is a matter of growing concern. Emerging contaminants are chemical compounds including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, other endocrine disruptors, surfactants, surfactant metabolites, industrial additives and personal care products. The occurrence of variou...

The present work provides an insight on the removal of dye and energy recovery simultaneously by Acinetobacter pitii in microbial fuel cells. It focuses on decolorization of reactive orange 16 dye and electricity production in a microbial fuel cell using bacterial isolate Acinetobacter pitii. This isolate removes 92.70% of color at a fixed concentr...

Green macroalgae comprise significant amount of structural carbohydrates for their conversion to liquid biofuels. However, it generally relies on species characteristics and the variability in seasonal profile to determine its route for bioprocessing. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the indigenous marine macroalgal strain (Ulva prolifera...

Water pollution, mainly occurring from manufacturing industries, has been a serious environmental issue in the contemporary world. Dyeing processes produce a massive amount of dye-contaminated effluent; it is a major culprit for water and soil pollution in developing and underdeveloped countries. The azo dye released from industries poses a severe...

Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater Through Bio-nanotechnology 2022, Pages 629-650 Chapter 27 - Hybrid bioreactor in combination with ozone-based technologies for industrial wastewater treatment Author links open overlay panelAnujChaturvediRavi PrakashJaiswal https://doi.org/10...

The discharge of effluents from the textile industry is a multidimensional problem that affects the ecosystem in many ways. Though many new technologies are being developed, it remains to be seen which of those can be practiced in a real scenario. The current investigation attempts to absorb the Malachite Green, an effluent from textile dye using C...

The Lysinibacillus fusiformis immobilized polyurethane foam–polypropylene bio carrier was used as support media in an anaerobic moving bed bioreactor to evaluate the biodegradation of Congo red (CR) dye. The process variables like CR dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), bio carrier filling ratio (BFR) (20–70%), and agitation speed (40–100 RPM) were opt...

The textile industry, at various stages of fabric dyeing, generates huge volumes of wastewaters which eventually overload the aquatic bodies with wide range of dyes as persistent pollutants. In the present study, a recirculating fixed-bed bioreactor (RFBB) was operated in anaerobic and, anaerobic-aerobic environments to treat the simulated textile...

In this study, sponge-modified carrier, i.e., polypropylene–polyurethane foam (PP–PUF) was used in the bioreactors, namely moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) and packed bed bioreactor (PBBR), for the biodegradation of 4-CP. The Bacillus consortium isolated from the petroleum refinery site was used for the immobilization purpose. A comparative analysis wa...

A rigorous knowledge of the bacterial growth kinetics is essential for the scaling-up and optimization of biodegradation process conditions in a bioreactor. Although a great deal of literature is available on the modeling of bacterial growth kinetics considering the inhibition at high substrate-loading, the inhibition caused by toxic metabolic bypr...

In this work, an effort has been made to develop an integrated system (ozonation followed by biodegradation) for the treatment of Acid orange 7 (AO 7) dye. The process parameters such as pH (3.0–11) and ozone dosage (5–25 mg/L) were optimized and obtained as 3.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively to treat the AO 7 by ozonation. Similarly, the process parame...

In this work, an effort has been made to develop an integrated system (ozonation followed by biodegradation) for the treatment of Acid orange 7 (AO 7) dye. The process parameters such as pH (3.0–11) and ozone dosage (5–25 mg/L) were optimized and obtained as 3.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively to treat the AO 7 by ozonation. Similarly, the process parame...

In this study, sponge-modified carrier, i.e., polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was used in the bioreactors, namely moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) and packed bed bioreactor (PBBR), for the biodegradation of 4-CP. The Bacillus consortium isolated from the petroleum refinery site was used for the immobilization purpose A comparative analysis was...

Arsenic, even in trace concentration presents several adverse impacts on human health and are classified among carcinogenic species. The subsequent health concerns owing to consumption of arsenic contaminated water has been widely reported, however, the presence and effects of arsenic through air still remains to be explored thoroughly, due to the...

A laboratory-scale Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is used for the degradation of reactive red 120 (RR120) using bacterial strain Staphylococcus equorum RAP2 (Accession number MW36539) isolated from wastewater treatment plants capable of degrading 100 % of dye (100 ppm) in 72 h at pH 7 efficiently. The effect of pH, concentration, and time on dye degrada...

The wastewater containing the azo dye is a global environmental challenge among researchers. In this study, an effort has been made to use a modified carrier (i.e., low-density polyethylene-polypropylene (LDPE-PP)) to remove the Congo red (CR) dye from synthetic wastewater in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The effect of CR dye concentration (...

Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) are one of the major environmental pollutants introduced from natural and anthropogenic sources. Many AHCs are well known for their toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impact on human health and ecological systems. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective option operated with microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, f...

The short term effect of multiple air pollutants e.g. aerosols (black carbon, BC; PM2.5 and PM10) and trace gases (NO2, SO2, and O3) on all-cause mortality was systematically investigated in a typical urban pollution hotspot over central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). To our knowledge, this would be the first report of mortality estimates for exposure...

Airborne transmission is one of the routes for the spread of COVID-19 which is caused by inhalation of smaller droplets containing CoV-2 (i.e., either virus-laden particulate matter: PM and/or aerosols or droplet nuclei) in an indoor environment. Notably, a significant fraction of the small droplets, along with respiratory droplets, is produced by...

Biochar is produced from pyrolysis of various kinds of biomass which are useful in several kind of applications including removal of environmental pollutants for enhancing quality of water and soil. This review conceptualizes the development and advancement of biochar-based treatment for abatement of organic compounds including agrochemicals (pesti...

In this work, Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) as free and immobilized cells on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were used to remove 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) from the synthetic wastewater. The effect of the process variables, namely process time, pH, temperature, and 4-CP concentration, were optimized and obtained as 7.0 days, 7.0, 30 • C, and 50 mg/L, re...

Keywords: Acid orange 7 Polyurethane foam Packed bed bioreactor Response surface methodology Kinetic model A B S T R A C T The removal of Acid Orange 7 dye was studied in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) using bacterial consortium immobilized polyurethane foam (PUF) as packing material. The process variables such as pH, hydraulic retention time, and...

Size-segregated airborne fine (PM2.1) and coarse (PM>2.1) particulates were measured in an urban environment over central Indo-Gangetic plain in between 2015 and 2018 to get insights into its nature, chemistry and sources. Mean (±1σ) concentration of PM2.1 was 98(±76)µgm-3 with a seasonal high during winter (DJF, 162±71µgm-3) compared to pre-monsoo...

The threat of dye contamination has achieved an unsurpassed abnormal state lately due to their massive consumption in several enterprises including textile, leather, cosmetic, plastic, and paper industries. This review focuses on the integrations of various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as Fenton, photocatalysis, and ozonation, with bio...

The present study investigated the performance of microbial fuel cell (MFC) in terms of electricity production and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate using different substrates. A double-chambered MFC was constructed with Nafion as separator and carbon cloth as an electrode. Glucose, municipal waste water, and sugar industry waste water were...

Photocatalysis is an effective way to control industrial pollution and it is extensively used for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater. A metal-free conjugated polymer graphitic carbon nitride (g – C3N4) with its unique structure is becoming a new research hotspot in photocatalysis. Thermal heating of carbon-rich polymer, template-base...

This work highlights the potential of corncob biochar (CCBC) and Brevibacillus parabrevis for the decolorization of brilliant green (BG) dye from synthetically prepared contaminated wastewater. The CCBC was characterized by proximate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Telle...

The increasing use of various pesticides (e.g., organophosphate, organochlorine, carbamates, and pyrethroid) has helped to improve agricultural productivity by minimizing the potential crop losses associated with insect attacks. Owing to their highly recalcitrant nature, most pesticides and their residues often accumulate in the environment to exer...

Acid blue 113 (AB113), an azo dye, is found in the wastewater released from leather, textile, tannery, and paper printing industries. It is toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, causes adverse effects on the ecosystem. In this study, polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was used as carriers in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for the...

In this study new cross-linked polyethylene based membrane was prepared by solution casting method in the presence of solvent Xylene using different proportions of fly ash particles. These composite membranes showed good selectivity and flux towards organics separation as compared to pure polymer membrane. Membranes were used in a lab scale pervapo...

The biodegradation of naphthalene using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) immobilized Exiguobacterium sp. RKS3 (MG696729) in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. The performance of a continuous PBBR was evaluated at different inlet flow rates (IFRs) (20-100 mL/h) under 64 days of operation. The maximum naph-thalene removal efficiency (RE) was...

Owing to its exceptional properties at high temperature, graphite is used in several applications such as structural material and fuel block in high temperature nuclear reactors. Air ingress is one of the serious safety concerns in these reactors. Oxidation of graphite leading to increased porosity affects its mechanical strength and may lead to co...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an attractive green technology which harnesses the power of microorganism for the production of electricity along with bioremediation of waste. However, the bioremediation of the high concentration of dye wastewater in MFC remains unclear. In present study, double-chambered MFC inoculated with mixed bacterial consortium...

Effect of nutrient enrichment on periphyton was studied using chemical diffusing substrates that released, singly or in combination, PO 4 3À-P and nitrogen, both NO 3 À-N and NH 4 þ-N. The study was carried out in March and June 2014 as these two time periods showed abundance of different groups of algae. Whereas diatoms and green algae were abunda...

The degrees of mineral carbonation in (a) construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and (b) a mixture of cement and fly ash were studied through a dynamic experimental method to determine the variation in the rate and extent of CO2 sequestration achievable under simulated outdoor conditions. A number of experiments were performed in a self-designed...

Biochar prepared from Sterculia alata fruit shell showed a better performance for dye removal than the biomass from Sterculia alata fruit shell. The important process parameters-namely the pH, the amount of biochar, the initial dye concentration and the contact time-were optimized in order to maximize dye removal using biochar of Sterculia alata fr...

Biochar prepared from Sterculia alata fruit shell showed a better performance for dye 21 removal than the biomass from Sterculia alata fruit shell. The important process parameters namely 22 the pH, the amount of biochar, the initial dye concentration and the contact time were optimized in 23 order to maximize dye removal using biochar of Sterculia...

In this work, the impact of external mass transport on the phenol biodegradation rate in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. The potential bacterial species i.e., Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil and its phylogenetic tree was made by neighbor-joining method. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) immobili...

This work highlights the potential of corncob biochar (CCBC) and Brevibacillus parabrevis for the decolourization of Brilliant green dye from synthetically prepared contaminated wastewater. The corncob biochar was characterized by proximate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmet...

Bioengineered Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: Hybrid treatment and kinetic studies-Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number: KBIE-2020-0028R2 Full Title: Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: Hybrid treat...

Sources of airborne particulates (PM10) were investigated in two contrasting sites over central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), one representing a rural background (Mirzapur) and another as an urban pollution hotspot (Varanasi). Very high PM10 concentration was noted both in Varanasi (178 ± 105 μgm⁻³; N:435) and Mirzapur (131 ± 56 μgm⁻³; N:169) with 72%...

Almond shell wastes were used to prepare activated carbons with chemical activation by H 3 PO 4 , which were tested for the extraction of methylene blue dye from a synthetic liquid solution. The characteristics properties of prepared activated carbon like a functional group and morphological structure were characterized. The prepared activated carb...

The unbridled industrialization and unrestrained expansion of modern textile facilities combined with a deficiency of adequate treatment provisions have escalated the discharge of toxic effluents rich in carcinogenic pollutants such as dyes. As a consequence, there is an alarming need for the development of financially suitable and highly efficient...

he performance of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with bio-carriers made of polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was evaluated for the collective removal of phenol and ammonia. Three independent variables, including pH (5.0-8.0), retention time (2.0-12.0 h), and airflow rate (0.8-3.5 L/min) were optimized using central composite design (CCD...