Qingyang Xiao

Tsinghua University | TH · School of Environment

CO2 emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission mitigation. Currently, most global CO2 emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency (IEA) and were available at country level with limited source categories. Here, as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic u...

China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change. Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation, the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues. The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of...

Background: Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to an increased risk of stroke. However, the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its major components on the functional disability of stroke patients remains unclear. Methods: Based on China National Stroke Screening Survey data obtained from 2013 to...

CO2 emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission mitigation. Currently, most global CO2 emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency (IEA) and were available at country level with limited source categories. Here, as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic u...

In response to the severe air pollution issue, the Chinese government implemented two phases (Phase I, 2013-2017; Phase II, 2018-2020) of clean air actions since 2013, resulting in a significant decline in fine particles (PM2.5) during 2013-2020, while the warm-season (April-September) mean maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) increased by 2.6...

PM2.5 chemical components play significant roles in the climate, air quality, and public health, and the roles vary due to their different physicochemical properties. Obtaining accurate and timely updated information on China's PM2.5 chemical composition is the basis for research and environmental management. Here, we developed a full-coverage near...

High spatial resolution PM2.5 data covering a long time period are urgently needed to support population exposure assessment and refined air quality management. In this study, we provided complete-coverage PM2.5 predictions with a 1 km spatial resolution from 2000 to the present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP, http://tapdata.org.cn/...

Introduction Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to increases in the incidence of lung cancer. However, more evidence is needed to conclude its effects on lung cancer survival. Objectives The study aimed to explore the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer survival and evaluated the...

The World Health Organization has issued new air quality guidelines (AQG). Based on 2020 data, achieving the new AQG for PM2.5 could prevent an additional 285,000 chronic deaths and 13,000 acute deaths, across China, compared with the previous AQG. The new AQG can better protect health but cannot be achieved without coordinated air-pollution-contro...

High spatial resolution PM2.5 data products covering a long time period are urgently needed to support population exposure assessment and refined air quality management. In this study, we provided complete-coverage PM2.5 predictions with a 1-km spatial resolution from 2000 to the present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) framework. To...

Evaluating ozone levels at high resolutions and accuracy is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone distribution and assessing ozone exposure levels in epidemiological studies. The national models with high spatiotemporal resolutions to predict ground ozone concentrations are limited in China so far. In this study, we...

Based on the exposure data sets from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP, http://tapdata.org.cn/), we characterized the spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 and O3 exposures and quantified the long- and short-term exposure related premature deaths during 2013–2020 with respect to the two-stage clean air actions (2013–2017 and 2018–2020). We find...

Background Active commuting as a contributor to daily physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but leads to more chances of exposure to ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate associations between active commuting to work with cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality and life expectancy among general Chinese adults,...

Air pollution has altered the Earth’s radiation balance, disturbed the ecosystem, and increased human morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, a full-coverage high-resolution air pollutant data set with timely updates and historical long-term records is essential to support both research and environmental management. Here, for the first time, we devel...

The contribution of meteorology and emissions to long-term PM2.5 trends is critical for air quality management but has not yet been fully analyzed. Here, we used the combination of a machine learning model, statistical method, and chemical transport model to quantify the meteorological impacts on PM2.5 pollution during 2000–2018. Specifically, we f...

Air pollution has altered the Earth radiation balance, disturbed the ecosystem and increased human morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, a full-coverage high-resolution air pollutant dataset with timely updates and historical long-term records is essential to support both research and environmental management. Here, for the first time, we develop a...

The contribution of meteorology and emissions to long-term PM2.5 trends is critical for air quality management but has not yet been fully analyzed. Here, we used a combination of machine learning model, statistical model and chemical transport model to quantify the meteorological impacts on PM2.5 pollution during 2000–2018. Specifically, we first d...

Previous studies have reported that intra-urban variability of NO2 concentrations is even higher than inter-urban variability. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have developed satellite-derived land use regression (LUR) models to predict ground-level NO2 concentrations, though only a few have been conducted at a city scale. In this s...

Approximately half of satellite aerosol retrievals are missing that limits the application of satellite data in PM2.5 pollution monitoring. To obtain spatiotemporally continuous PM2.5 distributions, various gap-filling methods have been developed, but have rarely been evaluated. Here, we reviewed and summarized four types of gap-filling strategies,...

Since 2013, clean-air actions in China have reduced ambient concentrations of PM2.5. However, recent studies suggest that ground surface O3 concentrations increased over the same period. To understand the shift in air pollutants and to comprehensively evaluate their impacts on health, a spatiotemporal model for O3 is required for exposure assessmen...

Significance Estimation of the chronic health effects of PM 2.5 exposure has been hindered by the lack of long-term PM 2.5 data in China. To support this, high-performance machine-learning models were developed to estimate PM 2.5 concentrations at 1-km resolution in China from 2000 to 2016, based on satellite data, meteorological conditions, land c...

To improve air quality, China has been implementing strict clean air policies since 2013. These policies not only substantially improved air quality but may also modify the spatial distribution of air pollution, since urban emission sources were under stricter control and some were moved to rural regions with lower air quality improvement targets a...

Quantification of PM2.5 exposure and associated mortality is critical to inform policy making. Previous studies estimated varying PM2.5-related mortality in China due to the usage of different source data, but rarely justify the data selection. To quantify the sensitivity of mortality assessment to source data, we first constructed state-of-the-art...

Rationale: Limited cohort studies have evaluated chronic effects of high fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on lung cancer. Objectives: To investigate the response pattern of lung cancer associated with high PM2.5 exposure. Methods: A Chinese cohort of 118,551 participants was followed up from 1992 to 2015. By incorporating with PM2.5 ex...

Evidence of long-term effects of high exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on coronary heart disease (CHD) remains limited. We incorporated the high-resolution satellite-based PM2.5 estimates with a large-scale, population-based Chinese cohort comprising 118,229 individuals, to assess the CHD risk of long-term exposure to high PM2.5....

Background The concentration-response relationship between mortality and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has not been fully elucidated, especially at high levels of PM2.5 concentrations. Objective We aimed to evaluate chronic effects of ambient PM2.5 exposure on deaths among Chinese adults in high-exposure settings. Methods...

Background: Evidence of the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rare for populations exposed to high levels of PM2.5 in China and in other countries with similarly high levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the CVD risks associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 i...

Objective: To study the effect of long term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the incidence of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke among Chinese adults. Design: Population based prospective cohort study. Setting: Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project...

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (the Action Plan) in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. Here, we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013–2017 using satellite-based PM2.5...

In the developing countries such as China, most well-developed areas have suffered severe haze pollution, which was associated with increased premature morbidity and mortality and attracted widespread public concerns. Since ground-based PM2.5 monitoring has limited temporal and spatial coverage, satellite aerosol remote sensing data has been increa...

Residential sector emissions of aerosols, primarily from solid fuels burned for cooking and heating purposes, are high in black carbon, a component that absorbs radiation efficiently across a wideband of wavelengths. Mitigation of residential sector emissions has been suggested as a method to rapidly reduce anthropogenic global warming. This study...

Background: Diabetes caused substantial economic and health burden worldwide. However, the associations between air pollution and diabetes incidence were rarely reported in the developing countries, especially in China with relatively high PM2.5 concentrations. Objectives: A cohort-based study was conducted to assess the diabetes incidence assoc...

It is well recognized that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects health adversely, yet few studies from South America have documented such associations due to the sparsity of PM2.5 measurements. Lima’s topography and aging vehicular fleet results in severe air pollution with limited amounts of monitors to effectively quantify PM2.5 le...

The long satellite aerosol data record enables assessments of historical PM2.5 level in regions where routine PM2.5 monitoring began only recently. However, most previous models reported decreased prediction accuracy when predicting PM2.5 levels outside the model-training period. In this study, we proposed an ensemble machine learning approach that...

Background: Few studies have estimated effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure on birth outcomes in China due to the lack of historical air pollution data. Objectives: We estimated the associations between maternal PM2.5 exposure and birth outcomes using gap-filled satellite estimates in Shanghai, China. Methods: We obtained birth registration reco...

Over the past 24 years, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program has provided highly accurate remote-sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution including all continents and many oceanic island and coastal sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET globa...

Satellite-driven statistical models have been proven to be able to provide spatially resolved PM2.5 estimates worldwide. The North China Plain has been suffering from severe PM2.5 pollution in recent years. An accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 levels in this region is crucial to design effective air pollution contro...

Background: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluat...

Satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been used to assess population exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The emerging high-resolution satellite aerosol product, Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), provides a valuable opportunity to characterize local-scale PM2.5 at 1-km resolution. However, non-random missing...

PM2.5 air pollution has been a growing concern worldwide. Previous studies have conducted several techniques to estimate PM2.5 exposure spatiotemporally in China, but all these have limitations. This study was to develop a data fusion approach and compare it with kriging and Chemistry Module. Two techniques were applied to create daily spatial cove...

Nitrogen dioxide is a common air pollutant with growing evidence of health impacts independent of other common pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. However, the global distribution of NO2 exposure and associated impacts on global health is still largely uncertain. To advance global exposure estimates we created a global nitrogen dioxide...

The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program over the past 24 years has provided highly accurate remote sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution that includes all continents and many island sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have ad...

Background Estimating the health effects of ambient air pollutant mixtures is necessary to understand the risk of real-life air pollution exposures. Methods Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) visit records for asthma or wheeze (n = 148,256), bronchitis (n = 84,597), pneumonia (n = 90,063), otitis media (n = 422,268) and upper respiratory tract inf...

Background: Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potent...

Background: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2...

Background: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying...

Supplementary appendix.

Supplementary appendix.

Supplementary appendix.

Exposure to air pollution is a major risk factor globally and particularly in Asia. A large portion of air pollutants result from residential combustion of solid biomass and coal fuel for cooking and heating. This study presents a regional modeling sensitivity analysis to estimate the impact of residential emissions from cooking and heating activit...

Persistent high aerosol loadings together with extremely high population densities have raised serious air quality and public health concerns in many urban centers in East Asia. However, ground-based air quality monitoring is relatively limited in this area. Recently, satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at high resolution has become a p...

Persistent high aerosol loadings together with extremely high population density have raised serious air quality and public health concerns in many urban centers in East Asia. However, ground based air quality monitoring is relatively limited in this area. Recently, satellite retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at high resolution has become a pow...

Deadly heat waves are increasing with climate change. Public forecasts and warnings are a primary public health strategy for dealing with such extreme weather events; however, temperatures can vary widely within the administrative units used to issue warnings, particularly across urban landscapes. The emergence of more frequent and widely distribut...

Fossil-fuel combustion related winter heating has become a major air quality and public health concern in northern China recently. We analyzed the impact of winter heating on aerosol loadings over China using the MODIS-Aqua Collection 6 aerosol product from 2004-2012. Absolute humidity (AH) and planetary boundary layer height (PBL) -adjusted aeroso...

Yak dung is widely used for cooking and heating in Tibet. We measured real-time concentrations of black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) emitted by yak dung burning in six households with different living conditions and stove types in the Nam Co region, Tibet. We observed a much lower av...