Qing Li

• Nippon Medical School

Background: It has been reported that forest bathing significantly reduced negative emotions and increased the positive feelings in both healthy males and females, as well as increasing blood serotonin in healthy males, indicating the potential for a beneficial effect on depressive status. However, an improvement effect of forest bathing on partici...

Background: We previously found that a forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) program significantly reduced the scores for depression, anxiety, anger, fatigue, and confusion and increased the score for vigor in the profile of mood states (POMS) test and showed a potential preventive effect on the depressive status in both males and females. In the present s...

With increasing attention on the health benefits of a forest environment, evidence-based research is required. This study aims to provide scientific evidence concerning the physiological and psychological effects of exposure to the forest environment on middle-aged hypertensive men. Twenty participants (58.0 ± 10.6 years) were instructed to sit on...

In the present study, we investigated the effects of a forest bathing on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Nineteen middle-aged male subjects were selected after they provided informed consent. These subjects took day trips to a forest park in Agematsu, Nagano Prefecture, and to an urban area of Nagano Prefecture as control in August 2015. O...

The natural environment is increasingly recognized as an effective counter to urban stress, and "Forest Therapy" has recently attracted attention as a relaxation and stress management activity with demonstrated clinical efficacy. The present study assessed the physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middle-aged female...

We previously found that ziram, a carbamate pesticide, significantly reduced perforin, granzyme A (GrA), granzyme B (GrB), granzyme 3/K (Gr3/K), and granulysin (GRN) levels in NK-92MI cells, a human natural killer (NK) cell line. To investigate whether other carbamate pesticides also show similar toxicity on human NK cells, we conducted further exp...

We previously found that carbamate pesticides induced significant apoptosis in human natural killer cells. To investigate whether carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, in the present study Jurkat human T cells were treated in vitro with thiram, maneb, carbaryl or ziram. Apoptosis was determined by FITC-Annexin-V/PI stai...

There has been increasing attention on the therapeutic effects of the forest environment. However, evidence-based research that clarifies the physiological effects of the forest environment on hypertensive individuals is lacking. This study provides scientific evidence suggesting that a brief forest walk affects autonomic nervous system activity in...

Time spent walking and relaxing in a forest environment ("forest bathing" or "forest therapy") has well demonstrated anti-stress effects in healthy adults, but benefits for ill or at-risk populations have not been reported. The present study assessed the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy (relaxation and stress management act...

The present study investigated the well-being effects of short-term forest walking and viewing ("forest bathing"). The hypothesis in our study was that both environment (forest vs. urban) and activity (walking and viewing) would influence psychological outcomes. An additional aim was to enhance basic research using several psychological methods. We...

Ziram is a carbamate pesticide, which is widely used throughout the world as a fungicide in agriculture and as an accelerating agent in latex production. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ziram at 0.031-4 μM in vitro on human natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity...

Ziram as a dithiocarbamate fungicide is widely used throughout the world in agriculture. We previously found that ziram significantly inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the mechanism of this inhibition, we investigated ziram-induced apoptosis in human T lymphocytes. Jurkat T cells were treated with zira...

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in working women. Methods: The target subjects were 141 working women. Serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, plasma insulin and plasma glucose were measured in addition to waist circumference and...

Traditional thinking considered the nervous system, endocrine system and immune system to be independent of each other. However, it is now widely accepted that these systems interact through the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network. The nervous system affects the endocrine and immune systems by releasing neurotransmitters through the hypothalamus...

Fenitrothion (FNT) is used throughout the world as an insecticide in agriculture. To investigate the effect of FNT on the splenocytes and the underlying mechanism, FNT and its main metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), were administered orally to Wistar rats in daily doses of 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg, 4-5 days/week for 9 weeks. Splenocytes were harves...

INTRODUCTION. The relationship among lifestyle, aging and psychological wellbeing was evaluated in Japanese working men. METHODS. Self-administered questionnaire on six lifestyle factors and the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ12) were administered to 3306 male workers. Health practice index (HPI) was calculated as a desirable life...

Ziram as a dithiocarbamate fungicide is widely used throughout the world in agriculture and as an accelerating agent is used in latex production. In order to investigate ziram-induced apoptosis/necrosis and its underlying mechanism in human immune cells, a human monocyte-like cell line (U937) was treated with ziram at 0.0312-2 μM for 2-24 h at 37 °...

There is an ethnic difference of obesity index to diagnose metabolic syndrome. The authors explored the optimal cut-off levels for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in relation to each component of metabolic syndrome. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off levels for each compone...

We previously found that forest environments reduced stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline and showed the relaxing effect both in male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of walking under forest environments on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Sixteen healthy male subjects (mean age 57.4 ± 1...

It has been suggested that the presence of a depressive state is a predictor of increase of the body weight. However, to precisely understand the nature of this relationship, the data should be controlled for other factors that can also be associated with weight gain. To test the hypothesis that the presence of a depressive state is associated with...

Aims: The prevalence of glucose intolerance in the Japanese adult population is increasing. In this study, the associated factors including lifestyles with glucose intolerance and its metabolism were explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. The sample included 3203 working men aged 35-59 years. Age, six lifestyle-related fa...

Shift work has been reported to be associated with an increase in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). To clarify the association between the type of shift work and the risk of MetS, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted after adjusting for age and lifestyle factors. The subjects were 3007 Japanese males, aged 34-64 years old, who were employees (...

Background Serum uric acid and hematological parameters play a significant role for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with CVD, but the relationship between such blood parameters and MetS has not yet been precisely investigated in healthy workers.

Objective We performed a 1-year follow-up study to determine the effects of smoking status and insulin resistance on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Methods This study included 2136 workers without metabolic syndrome at baseline who were followed for 1 year. The subjects were divided into four categories of smoking and work history, respecti...

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum insulin levels and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The target participants were 3054 working men. MS was diagnosed based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and was present in 12.9% of the study patients. Serum l...

We previously reported that 2-night/3-day trips to forest parks enhanced human NK activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that this increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after the trip in both male and female subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a day trip to...

Objective This study was intended to identify significant determinant factors of insulin resistance. Methods Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and was calculated as “Fasting plasma glucose × Fasting serum insulin)/405”. The target subjects were 3008 working men. The serum lipid p...

Statistical information regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among a wide age range of workers is insufficient. A total of 4278 men between the ages of 20 and 59 years participated in the study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) I...

The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has frequently been used in the United States to predict the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Components of the metabolic syndrome and several lifestyle factors have also been evaluated to estimate the risk of CHD. To determine the relationship between the FRS and components of metabolic syndrome as coro...

Perceived good health or good self-rated health is considered to be a predictor of longer survival and maintenance of good quality of life, which is a public health goal. This study assessed trends in the percentage of self-rated poor health among Japanese residents, based on data from the National Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions of P...

In Japan, a forest bathing trip, called "Shinrinyoku" in Japanese, is a short, leisurely visit to a forest; it is regarded as being similar to natural aromatherapy. This review focuses on the effects of forest bathing trips on human immune function. Beginning in 2005, adult Japanese individuals, both male and female, participated in a series of stu...

It was found previously that organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) significantly inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. To explore the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of CTL activity, the present study investigated whether OPs can induce cell death/apoptosis in T cells. Jurkat human T cells were treated with chlorpyrifos at 0-100 ppm for 2...

Objectives: To explore whether forest coverage affects the rate of deaths due to cancers in Japan, we investi-gated the relationships between the percentage of forest coverage and standardized mortality ratios due to cancers in all prefectures in Japan. Methods: Data on the percentage of forest coverage in all prefectures in Japan were collected fr...

Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells kill target cells by the directed release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin. We have found previously that dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, dichlorvos), an organophosphorus pesticide, significantly decreased...

We found previously that organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) significantly inhibited natural killer (NK) activity. To explore the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of NK activity, we investigated whether OPs can induce apoptosis in NK cells in the present study. We used NK-92CI and NK-92MI cells, which are interleukin-2 independent human NK cell lin...

It is well documented that natural killer (NK) cells provide host defense against tumors and viruses. We previously showed that lifestyle affects human NK and LAK activities. In order to explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of lifestyle on intracellular perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B in peripheral blood lymphocytes...

In order to investigate chlorpyrifos-induced cell death and its underlying mechanism in human immune cells, a human monocyte like cell line (U937) was treated with chlorpyrifos at 4.45-570microM for 0.5-24h at 37 degrees Celsius in a 5% CO(2) incubator. We first found that chlorpyrifos induced cell death of U937 in a dose- and time-dependent manner...

The main toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is neurotoxicity, which is caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. OPs also affect immune responses including effects on antibody production, IL-2 production, T cell proliferation, decrease of CD5 cells, and increase of CD26 cells and autoantibodies. However, there have been few paper...

Human granzyme 3 (Gr3) is a serine protease contained in the granules of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To elucidate the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Gr3, we attempted to prepare an enzymatically active recombinant human Gr3 without refolding and proteolytic activation. An expression vector was constructed, in...

To explore the effect of forest bathing on the human immune system, we investigated the effect of phytoncides (wood essential oils) on natural killer (NK) activity and the expression of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin in human NK cells. We used NK-92MI cell, an interleukin-2 independent human NK cell line derived from the NK-92 cell, in the pre...

Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells kill target cells by the directed release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes and granulysin. We previously have found that dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide significantly inhibited NK, LAK and CT...

More than 5,000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured with toxic chemicals including the nerve gas "sarin" on March 20, 1995. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of sarin exposure on insomnia in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire concerning sleep-related items was distributed to victims of sarin exp...

To explore the mechanism of stress-induced inhibition of natural killer (NK) activity, female C57BL/6 mice were stimulated by electric foot shock and psychological stress for 7 days consecutively. The shocked mice received scrambled, uncontrollable, inescapable 0.6 mA electric shocks in a communication box 120 times during 60 min. The mice in the p...

More than 5,000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured with toxic chemicals including the nerve gas “sarin” on March 20, 1995. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of sarin exposure on insomnia in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire concerning sleep-related items was distributed to victims of sarin exp...

Granulysin, a cationic protein produced by activated human CTL and NK cells, is cytolytic against microbial and tumor targets. In this study we show that granulysin also functions as a chemoattractant and activates monocytes to produce cytokines/chemokines. Although granulysin-mediated cytotoxicity occurs at micromolar concentrations, chemoattracti...

Delivery of biologically active peptides into cells may help elucidate intracellular signal transduction pathways, identify additional in vivo functions, and develop new therapeutics. Although p21 was first identified as a major regulator of cell cycle progression, it is now clear that p21 subserves multiple functions. The amino terminus of p21 int...

Granulysin, a 9-kDa protein localized in human cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cell granules, is cytolytic against tumors and microbes but not against red blood cells. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the central region of granulysin recapitulate the lytic activity of the intact molecule, and some peptides cause hemolysis of red blood...

A promoter region of human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) [EC 2.8.1.2] is G+C-rich and TATA-less, showing features of a house-keeping gene. In the core promoter, a GC box (-284:GGGGCGTGGC:-275) and an initiator (-219:TTATATG:-225) are found. A cap site hunting analysis for human liver cDNA revealed four possible transcriptional start site...

Natural killer (NK), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells induce target cell death by two main mechanisms, the perforin/granzyme pathway and the Fas-ligand (FasL)/Fas pathway. We have previously found that organophosphorus pesticides significantly inhibit human and murine NK, LAK and CTL activities and that this...

We previously reported that the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) among victims of the Tokyo subway sarin disaster was significantly higher than that of controls 2-3 months after the disaster. It has been reported that the victims were also exposed to the by-products generated during sarin synthesis, i.e., diisopropyl methylphosphonate...

A well-known combined therapy for acute cyanide poisoning is intravenous administration of sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate and cobalt EDTA. Sodium nitrite oxidizes oxy-hemoglobin, resulting in methemoglobin, which has a high affinity for cyanide. Sodium thiosulfate is a substrate of thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase (rhodanese, EC.2.8.1.1),...

Granulysin, a molecule present in the granules of CTL and NK cells, is cytolytic against microbes and tumors. Granulysin induces apoptosis of mammalian cells by damaging mitochondria and causing the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, resulting in DNA fragmentation. Here we show that Ca2+ and K+ channels as well as reactive oxyge...

We have previously found that diisopropyl methylphosphonate, an organophosphorus by-product generated during sarin synthesis in the Tokyo sarin disaster, significantly inhibited natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities. In the present study, to investigate whether organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) also affect NK and CTL activ...

More than 5000 passengers on Tokyo subway trains were injured by the nerve gas, sarin and its by-products. Analysis of phosphor-carrying metabolites of sarin and its by-products in urine samples from the victims suggested that they were exposed not only to sarin, but also by-products generated during sarin synthesis, i.e. diisopropyl methylphosphon...