Qasim Ahmed

University of Huddersfield · Department of Engineering and Technology

One significant challenge in research is to collect a large amount of data and learn the underlying relationship between the input and the output variables. This paper outlines the process of collecting and validating a dataset designed to determine the angle of arrival (AoA) using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology. The data, collected in a lab...

This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in antenna design tailored specifically tailored for applications in biotelemetry and healthcare. It contains a detailed analysis of over 60 journal papers retrieved from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers database within the past five years. Each paper is briefly...

The selection of an optimal photodetector area is closely linked to the attainment of higher data rates in optical wireless communication receivers. If the photodetector area is too large, the channel capacity degrades due to lower modulation bandwidth of the detector. A smaller photodetector maximizes the bandwidth, but minimizes the captured sign...

This article examines the transformative potential of integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) into sixth-generation (6G) wireless non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). The focus is on the RIS’s capability to address diverse user requirements, including secure data transmission, power efficiency, extended coverage, and enhanced data rates....

As the number of devices getting connected to the vehicular network grows exponentially, addressing the numerous challenges of effectively allocating spectrum in dynamic vehicular environment becomes increasingly difficult. Traditional methods may not suffice to tackle this issue. In vehicular networks safety critical messages are involved and it i...

Radio spectrum is a limited resource and the traditional fixed spectrum allocation methods which permit only the Primary Users (PUs) to access the allocated spectrum, even when it is idle, will quickly deplete the radio resources. The growing network demands and emerging 6G applications, like Intelligent Healthcare, call for the effective utilizati...

In Multi-Tenant Multi-Service (MTMS) systems, multiple Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) share the same physical network infrastructure, with each tenant provisioning a variety of 5G network slices with distinct service needs. Efficient resource allocation enhances utilization. This paper analyses System Spectral Efficiency (SSE) of a downli...

One significant challenge in research is to collect a large amount of data and learn the underlying relationship between the input and the output variables. This paper outlines the process of collecting and validating a dataset designed to determine the angle of arrival (AoA) using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology. The data, collected in a lab...

We propose a hybrid blockchain-based framework for multi-operator resource sharing and SLA management in 5G Standalone (5GSA) networks. Leveraging Hyperledger Fabric (HLF), we implement secure resource sharing between multiple seller Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and a single buyer MNO, evaluating HLF’s performance in terms of transaction latency...

Indoor localization is a key research area and has been stated as a major goal for Sixth Generation (6G) communications. Indoor localization faces many challenges, such as harsh wireless propagation channels, cluttered and dynamic environments, non-line-of-sight conditions, etc. There are various technologies that can be applied to address these is...

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The integration of the physical and digital world has become increasingly important, and location-based services have become the most sought-after application in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper delves into the current research on ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning systems (IPS). It begins by examining the most common wire...

As wireless networks continue to advance and the need for low-latency communication links increases, calibrating antennas installed in the field is essential. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are very useful for applications such as UAV-based measurements. Given its light weight, wide bandwidth makes Printed Log-Periodic antenna (PL...

In this paper, we propose a novel Fine-Tuned attribute Weighted Na\"ive Bayes (FT-WNB) classifier to identify the Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) for UltraWide Bandwidth (UWB) signals in an Indoor Positioning System (IPS). The FT-WNB classifier assigns each signal feature a specific weight and fine-tunes its probabilities to addres...

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) propagation condition is a crucial factor affecting the precision of the localization in the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Indoor Positioning System (IPS). Numerous supervised Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been applied for NLoS identification to improve the accuracy of the IPS. However, it is difficult for existing ML approa...

In this paper, we propose a novel Fine-Tuned attribute Weighted Naïve Bayes (FT-WNB) classifier to identify the Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) for UltraWide Bandwidth (UWB) signals in an Indoor Positioning System (IPS). The FT-WNB classifier assigns each signal feature a specific weight and fine-tunes its probabilities to address...

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm has enabled the automation of mobile robots in unknown environments. It enables the robot to navigate through an unknown trajectory by employing sensors that provide measurements to infer the surrounding environment and use this information to localize the robot. Sensor technology plays a key r...

Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) and network slicing are some of the principal concepts to realize the emerging applications in Beyond 5th Generation (B5G) and 6th Generation (6G) networks. The frequency spectrum remains scarce and underutilized, while the performance requirements in terms of data throughput and latency of the network tenants have div...

Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a popular technology to address the need for high precision indoor positioning systems in challenging industry 4.0 use cases. In line-of-sight (LOS) environments, UWB positioning errors in the order of 1-10 cm can be achieved. However, in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, this precision drops significantly, with errors ty...

Recent research in Future Wireless Networks (FWN)s have primarily focused on improving spectral and energy efficiency, emphasizing less on reducing power consumption. Studies on current Fifth-Generation (5G) system deployment have shown that they consume more power than their predecessors, thus highlighting the need for significant efforts to minim...

As we advance towards 6G communication systems, the number of network devices continues to increase resulting in spectrum scarcity. With the help of Spectrum Sensing (SS), Cognitive Radio (CR) exploits the frequency spectrum dynamically by detecting and transmitting in underutilized bands. The performance of 6G networks can be enhanced by utilizing...

Short-range indoor localization is one of the key necessities in automation industries and healthcare setups. With its increasing demand, the need for more precise positioning systems is rapidly increasing. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology is emerging to enable highly precise localization performance. However, due to the limited availability of...

Sixth Generation (6G) transceivers are envisioned to feature massively large antenna arrays compared to its predecessor. This will result in even higher spectral efficiency (SE) and multiplexing gains. However, immense concerns remain about the energy efficiency (EE) of such transceivers. This work focuses on partially connected hybrid architecture...

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) propagation condition is a crucial factor affecting the precision of the localization in the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Indoor Positioning System (IPS). Numerous supervised Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been applied for NLoS identification to improve the accuracy of the IPS. However, it is difficult for existing ML approa...

Machine Learning (ML) on the edge is key for enabling a new breed of IoT and autonomous system applications. The departure from the traditional cloud-centric architecture means that new deployments can be more power-efficient, provide better privacy and reduced latency for inference. At the core of this paradigm is TinyML, a framework allowing the...

This paper proposes low complexity detection for internet of underwater things communication. The signal is transmitted from the source to the destination using several sensors. To simplify the computational operations at the transmitter and the sensory nodes, a single carrier frequency domain equalizer is proposed and amplify-and-forward protocols...

A design of a low-profile and printed array antenna for wireless access points and futuristic healthcare devices is presented in this manuscript. The antenna design is derived from a printed dipole configuration and is optimized using an empirical design approach to achieve enhanced bandwidth, gain and efficiency performances. The antenna is printe...

The existing sub-6 GHz band is insufficient to support the bandwidth requirement of emerging data-rate-hungry applications and Internet of Things devices, requiring ultrareliable low latency communication (URLLC), thus making the migration to millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands inevitable. A notable disadvantage of a mmWave band is the significant losse...

Device-to-device (D2D) or Sidelink aided communication is regarded as one of the most promising technologies to improve the spectral efficiency of the 5G and beyond communication system. However, two main challenges exist: 1) the selection of the optimal number of devices for improving the spectral efficiency, and 2) improving the physical layer se...

Device-to-device (D2D) or Sidelink aided communication is regarded as one of the most promising technologies to improve the spectral efficiency of the 5G and beyond communication system. However, two main challenges exist: 1) the selection of the optimal number of devices for improving the spectral efficiency, and 2) improving the physical layer se...

Device-to-device (D2D) or Sidelink aided communication is regarded as one of the most promising technologies to improve the spectral efficiency of the 5G and beyond communication system. However, two main challenges exist: 1) the selection of the optimal number of devices for improving the spectral efficiency, and 2) improving the physical layer se...

The deployment of the Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) band in 5G and beyond wireless communications networks is one of the emerging fields owing to its potential of providing extensive bandwidth. Frequency Hopping (FH) has a high potential for use in wireless networks due to its key advantages of spreading the interference over wide bandwidth and of prov...

Achieving significant performance gains both in terms of system throughput and massive connectivity, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as very promising candidate for the future wireless communications technologies. It has already received serious consideration for implementation in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wirel...

The problem of underwater acoustic (UWA) channel estimation is the non-uniform sparse representation that may increase the algorithm complexity and the required time. A mathematical framework utilizing l21 constraint with two-dimensional frequency domain is employed to enhance the channel estimation. The frame work depends on both main and auxiliar...

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is being extensively used for indoor localization problems because of its ability to provide high accuracy, high data rate and low transceiver power for short range communications. There are several integrated circuits developed to apply this technology. However, the range for localization provided by these modules h...

Achieving significant performance gains both in terms of system throughput and massive connectivity, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a very promising candidate for future wireless communications technologies. It has already received serious consideration for implementation in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireles...

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), Indoor Positioning System (IPS) has attracted significant interest in academic research. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is an emerging technology that can be employed for IPS as it offers centimetre-level accuracy. However, the UWB system still faces several technical challenges in practice, one of...

This paper proposes low complexity detection for internet of underwater things (IoUT)s communication. The signal is transmitted from the source to the destination using several sensors. To simplify the computational operations at the transmitter and the sensory nodes, a single carrier frequency domain equalizer (SC-FDE) is proposed and amplify-and-...

In this paper, an analytical framework is presented for device detection in an impulse radio (IR) ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) system and its performance analysis is carried out. The Neyman–Pearson (NP) criteria is employed for this device-free detection. Different from the frequency-based approaches, the proposed detection method utilizes time domai...

In the beyond 5G networks, extraordinary demands for data rates and capacity are to be met. A possible candidate to address these challenges is Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique, which leads to higher diversity gains and massive connectivity. One caveat of NOMA is the increased receiver complexity to nullify the Inter User Interferenc...

In the next generation of mobile communication networks, unprecedented challenges are required to be met, such as much higher data rates and spectrum efficiency, lower latency, and massive connectivity. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently been proposed as a promising technology to achieve much superior spectral efficiency compared to...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the proposed double threshold-based multi-relay selection for cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communication networks using differential modulation with distance constraints. The mathematical model of the proposed scheme is discussed and the proposed double-threshold based relay selection scheme consis...

The Department of Transport in the United Kingdom recorded 25,080 motor vehicle fatalities in 2019. This situation stresses the need for an intelligent transport system (ITS) that improves road safety and security by avoiding human errors with the use of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, this survey discusses the current development of two main...

In this letter, a new power allocation scheme is proposed to improve the reliability of cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CO-NOMA). The strong user is allocated the maximum power, whereas the weak user is allocated the minimum power. This power allocation alters the decoding sequence along with the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio...

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has gar-nered considerable attention as a prime candidate for the next generation of wireless communication systems due to its improvement of spectral efficiency. The proposed model exploits one of NOMA's key features, namely of users having to decode other users messages before decoding their own as part of Su...

Hybrid digital to analog (D-A) precoding is widely used in millimeter wave systems to reduce the power consumption and implementation complexity incurred by the number of radio frequency (RF) chains that consume a lot of the transmitted power in this system. In this paper, an optimal number of RF chains is proposed to achieve the desired energy eff...

Today's wireless communication networks transmit their signals based on the Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) principle. As the number of users increases, OMA based approaches may fail to meet the stringent requirements emerging in the 5th Generation of wireless communications for very high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. Non-Orthogona...

Hybrid digital to analog precoding is widely used in millimeter wave system to reduce power consumption. The radio frequency (RF) chains consume maximum transmitted power, therefore, in this paper optimal number of RF chains are selected to achieve the desired energy efficiency (EE). The novelty of the proposed method is in two folds. First, the op...

Log-periodic antenna is a special antenna type utilized with great success in many broadband applications due to its ability to achieve nearly constant gain over a wide frequency range. Such antennas are extensively used in electromagnetic compatibility measurements, spectrum monitoring and TV reception. In this study, a log-periodic dipole array i...

Supporting high user density and improving millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) spectral-efficiency (SE) is imperative in 5G systems. Current hybrid digital-to-analog beamforming (D-A BF) base stations (BS) can only support a particular user per radio frequency (RF) chain, which severely restricts mm-Wave SE. In this paper a novel low-complexity selection com...

Device-to-device (D2D) assisted offloading heavily depends on the participation of human users. The content preference and sharing willingness of human users are two crucial factors in the D2D assisted offloading. In this paper, with consideration of these two factors, the optimal content pushing strategy is investigated by formulating an optimizat...

Device-to-device (D2D) assisted offloading heavily depends on the participation of human users. The content preference and sharing willingness of human users are two crucial factors in the D2D assisted offloading. In this paper, with consideration of these two factors, the optimal content pushing strategy is investigated by formulating an optimizat...