Qamar Uddin Ahmed

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Verified

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at International Islamic University Malaysia

Ceiba pentandra and Basella rubra leaves are traditionally used in Indonesia to treat ailments like diabetes. This study aimed to validate their use by assessing their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Initially, maceration of the leaves of both plants yielded dichloromethane, methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts. These were phy...

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrofluorimetric method was presented for the determination of citalopram hydrobromide (CTM) in tablets. The method was based on the quenching of bovine serum albumin (BSA) fluorescence with CTM at pH 7.4. The fluorescence intensities were measured at 342 nm after excitation at 279 nm. Various factors affecting t...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Antiseizure medications (ASM) remain a critical therapeutic intervention for treating epilepsy, notwithstanding the rapid development of other therapies. There have been substantial advances in epilepsy medications over the past three decades, with over 20 ASMs now availabl...

This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the Psychotria species, a genus of plants known for their medicinal properties and traditional uses. The focus is on the species' ethnomedicinal applications, their potential as an antidiabetic agent, the pharmacologically active antidiabetic compounds possessed, and their toxicological profiles....

Ensuring herb quality is crucial for maintaining product consistency in herbal products. Marker-based analysis has traditionally been the preferred method for determining the chemical composition of medicinal plants due to its effectiveness. However, current challenges with marker-based analysis, such as high prices and difficulties in procurement,...

Our earlier research demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activities of the optimised extract of Psychotria malayana leaves. It was reported having numerous compounds, although it was unclear which compounds exhibit the bioactivities as well as their binding interaction to the enzyme. This study aimed to identify the compound...

Medicinal plants significantly influence the reproductive system, exhibiting both antifertility and fertility properties. This review compiles information on the effects of medicinal plants native to Southeast Asia on reproductive health, specifically focusing on infertility and fertility enhancement in both males and females. Literature was retrie...

Mitragyna speciosa (Roxb.) Korth, locally known as kratom, is a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, with mitragynine as its principal alkaloid. Similar to other medicinal plants, kratom has side effects and toxicities, which have been documented in scientific studies and case reports. The mitragynine sale and possession of kratom are p...

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is a tropical indigenous tree of Southeast Asia. It is commonly consumed by the people due to its various pharmacological properties. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases including pain, fever, cough, anxiety, depression, obesity, diarrhoea, wound healing, diabetes,...

Metabolite profiling is required to reveal bioactive chemicals in ginger rhizome for supporting its traditional claim as anti-diabetic agent. This study aimed to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activities of the rhizome, to identify its putative α-glucosidase inhibitors, and to analyse the protein-ligand interaction of the i...

The zebrafish's ease of care and high reproductive rate have made them a popular animal model. It is routinely kept and maintained in commercial aquariums. However, the expense of a particular system was prohibitive for researchers with limited budgets or who worked in universities without zebrafish-rearing facilities. Thus, a simple custom-made aq...

A UV-HPLC method optimized by Box-Behnken design model was developed to determine caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples. The chromatographic conditions followed were mobile phase: methanol/water/ citrate buffer (pH 4.6) (40:25:35, v/v/v), AcclaimTM Dionex C18 column (ODS 100A˚, 5µm; 4.6×250 mm), flow rate (0.9 mL min-1), column...

Gelidium spinosum is an edible red seaweed from the family Gelidiaceae with possibility to be developed. The potential medical benefits of G. spinosum have been established, yet adequate empirical research on its toxicity is still lacking. Hence, the present work was aimed to examine the toxicity of G. spinosum methanol extract (GsME) on zebrafish...

Objective The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed herbs on blood HbA1c, and the liver function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Psychotria malayana Jack (Family: Rubiaceae, local name: Salung) is a traditional herb used to treat diabetes. A previous study by our research group demonstrated that P. malayana methanolic and water extract exhibits significant potential as an effective agent for managing diabetes. Further research has been performed on the extraction optimizatio...

Ocimum aristatum, commonly known as O. stamineus, has been widely studied for its potential as an herbal medicine candidate. This research aims to compare the efficacy of water and 100% ethanolic extracts of O. stamineus as α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants, as well as toxicity against zebrafish embryos. Based on the study findings, water e...

Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Polygonum minus Huds, known as ‘kesum’, is widely used in traditional medicine. P. minus has been reported to exhibit a few medicinal and pharmacological propertie...

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (O. stamineus) leaves are herb plant parts that can act as an antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Finding the best O. stamineus extract that serves as an antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory agent is an essential requirement. Additionally, a clustering analysis based on FTIR spectra should be performed using pri...

Context Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin found in Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae). It exerts cardiovascular protective effects as a phytomedicine. However, it is unclear how AA exerts the effects at the molecular level. Objective This study investigates the cardioprotective effects of arjunolic acid (AA) via MyD8...

Herbal utilization, as an antidiabetes agent, is an interesting topic to find acceptable herbal drugs to decrease blood glucose levels. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potency of selected herbal medicines to reduce blood glucose levels and to identify the chemical compounds responsible for reducing glucose. The mechanisms of action of dif...

The objective of this study is to access the effect of purple sweet potato leaf (PSPL) extract on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ, and diabetes was confirmed on day 7. Rats were further divided into a few g...

Background: Bezoar (PB) is a rare, solidified form of undigested food commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of porcupine (Hystrix brachyura). It is believed to be traditionally used to treat various diseases including different kinds of cancers in Malaysia. However, its active principles have not been found out yet. The purpose of this study...

The potency of O. stamineus as a herbal candidate has been evaluated by previous studies. The goal of this study is to compare water and a 100% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus to see which one is more effective as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant. However, these parameters are critical in the development of herbal medicines. Furthermore...

Aerial parts of Tetracera indica Merr. (Dilleniaceae) are rich in betulinic acid and stigmasterol and traditionally used to treat diabetes. This study was aimed to evaluate an in vitro antidiabetic potential of betulinicacid and stigmasterol to ascertain whether they may contribute antidiabetic effect to T. indica. Initially, betulinicacid and stig...

Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury. Numerous studies have...

Cosmos caudatus (Asteraceae), is known as Ulam raja in Malaysia or kenikir in Indonesia also sometimes referred to as “King’s salad.” It is usually consumed as a salad and the leaves have been widely used as a traditional medicine due to their pharmacological activities and beneficial effects on human health. The leaves have been reported to contai...

The leaves of Tetracera indica Merr. (Dilleniaceae) have been used to treat diabetes in Malaysia. However, the active principles responsible for the leaf's antidiabetic effect are yet to be confirmed and evaluated through an in vivo investigation. Hence, a phenolic compound as a flavonoid (wogonin) was isolated as a major compound from the leaves m...

The fruit of Phaleria macrocarpa have been traditionally used as an antidiabetic remedy in Malaysia and neighbouring countries. Despite its potential for diabetes treatment, no scientific study has ever been conducted to predict the inhibitor interaction of the protein α-glucosidase identified in an extract prepared with a non-conventional extracti...

This study explored a series of reported 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors to understand their structural requirements and identify potential new inhibitor scaffolds through automated unbiased procedures. Docking studies have revealed that inhibitor binding affinity can be influenced by several key binding interactions with Phe114...

A simple, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive UV-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in tablet formulations. The method was based on the separation of ascorbic acid using a mobile phase of an acetonitrile-NaH2PO4-H3PO4 buffer solution (pH = 3) (5:95 v/v) with a UV detect...

Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin majorly found in the Terminalia arjuna and is claimed to exert the cardiovascular protective effects as a phytomedicine. However, it is unclear how AA exerts the effects at the molecular level. Hence, this study used an in vitro model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes to...

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and inflammation and vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. Fl...

Vernonia glaberrima plant is used traditionally in the treatment of cancer, diabetes and malaria in North central Nigeria. This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of chloroform extract of Vernonia glaberrima and isolate some bioactive constituents. Neutral red cytotoxicity assay was performed using breast cancer (MCF7), cervical ca...

Exploration of the traditional medicinal plants is essential for drug discovery and development for various pharmacological targets. Various phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants were extensively studied for antiviral activity. This review aims to highlight the role of medicinal plants against viral infections that remains to be the leading...

Anthraquinones are known to have multiple biological activities such as antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. Despite that, microbial biotransformation of anthraquinones was done to modify or synthesise new anthraquinone derivatives which were technically hard to be chemically synthesised. It...

Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish, has become a favoured animal model to assess the teratogenicity effects of various compounds. Momordica charantia is a fruit traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments. In the present work, 80% ethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit was investigated for its teratogenicity effects o...

Objectives The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus), is commonly distributed in Asian countries. However, its therapeutic potential has not been thoroughly investigated yet. The current study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo therapeutic properties of the skin mucus of this fish. Methods The eel mucus was collected fleshly and topical gel with carbopol...

The plant species belonging to the Litsea genus are widely investigated due to their nutritional and medicinal purposes. In this regard, this study is another similar sincere effort in which the antioxidant property and phytochemical composition of Litsea garciae (L. garciae) bark’s hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts were evaluated...

Quinoline derivatives have been reported to possess multi-therapeutic potential owing to the manifestations of different pharmacological effects. The current research work describes about the design and synthesis of a series of novel benzoquinoline analogues with an objective to evaluate their antiproliferative structure–activity relationship again...

Momordica charantia or bitter melon (Cucurbitaceae) is a widely consumed edible fruit with strong antioxidant properties. Due to these properties, it has been commercialised by the natural product industries as a coadjutant in the treatment of various ailments attributable to the deleterious effects of oxidants. The present work aimed to evaluate t...

According to the latest report released by the World Health Organization, bacterial resistance to well-known and widely available antibacterial drugs has become a significant and severe global health concern and a grim challenge to tackle in order to cure infections associated with multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms efficiently. Conseque...

Objectives Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., an evergreen tree is found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Oceania, explicitly Northern Territory of Australia and Papua New Guinea. The fruits are traditionally used to treat various ailments including diabetes, psoriasis, looseness of the bowels, skin inflammation, malignancy, kidney, liver and heart si...

Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic and a...

The leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) (Roxb.) Bosser (family: Rubiaceae) are traditionally used to treat breast cancer in Malaysia; however, this traditional claim is yet to be scientifically verified. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of NC leaves’ ethanol extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using an...

Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to th...

Psychotria malayana Jack leaf, known in Indonesia as “daun salung”, is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Despite its potential, the phytochemical study related to its anti-diabetic activity is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to identify putative inhibitors of α-glucosidase, a prominent enzyme contributing to...

Background: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Thymelaeaceae), usually referred to as God’s crown, Mahkota dewa, Pau, grows all the year in tropical countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia. It is traditionally used to treat haemorrhoids, stroke, heart disease, tumour, impotence, diabetes, allergies, kidney and liv...

Background: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Thymelaeaceae), usually referred to as God’s crown, Mahkota dewa, Pau, grows all the year in tropical countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia. It is traditionally used to treat haemorrhoids, stroke, heart disease, tumour, impotence, diabetes, allergies, kidney and liv...

Context Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf) Harms (Meliaceae) is an important medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical countries of Africa. Traditionally, P. kotschyi is used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, malaria, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Objective To provide an overview of traditional medicinal claims, pharm...

Background Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Thymelaeaceae), usually referred to as God’s crown, Mahkota dewa, Pau, grows all the year in tropical countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia. It is traditionally used to treat haemorrhoids, stroke, heart disease, tumour, impotence, diabetes, allergies, kidney and live...

Momordica charantia fruit is claimed to have healthy benefit. Despite this potential claim, the phytochemical study of this fruit is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidants profile of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) fruit. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of various polarities was evaluated and the m...

Psychotria malayana Jack has traditionally been used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential, the scientific proof in relation to this plant is still lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitors in P. malayana leaf extracts using a metabolomics approach and to elucidate the ligand-protein interactions through...

Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaf is traditionally used for the treatment of breast cancer, however this claim is unverified. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of NC leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using in vitro cell viability, cytotoxicity and gene expression assays followed by gas chromatography a...

The Water-Soluble Extract (WSE) is a crude bioactive phytoconstituent of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds discovered recently. The current findings report about the thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects of WSE using human blood clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay. The thrombolytic effect of WSE (1,666.67 µg/mL) was determined via the clot an...

In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes...

The plant Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is known in Malaysia as "meroyan sakat/salung". A rapid analytical technique to facilitate the evaluation of the P. malayana leaves' quality has not been well-established yet. This work aimed therefore to develop a validated analytical technique in order to predict the alpha-glu...

Ethnopharmacological relevance Porcupine bezoar (PB) is used as folk medicine for various medical conditions including cancer treatment in Malaysia. However, its toxicity profile has never been thoroughly ascertained to confirm its safe nature as an efficacious traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer as well as other ailments. Aim of the s...

Tetracera macrophylla is a valuable medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. The crude ethanol extract was analyzed for its total phenolic and flavonoid contents. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazine-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were used to examine the free radical scavenging capac...

Stone leaf (Tetracera scandens) is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant that has been traditionally used for the management of diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity have not been fully explored yet. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the hydromethanolic extracts of T. scand...

Tetracera scandens is a medicinal shrub that belongs to Dilleniaceae. The leaves of the plant have been traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. The conventional quality control analysis of medicinal plants that relies on the quantification of few major metabolites is considered time-consuming since it requires extensiv...

Plants are believed to have various medicinal benefits from their constituents, but they might also give toxic effects to the human's body. Clinacanthus nutans that belongs to Acanthaceae family, which has been reported to have an antidiabetic and antioxidant effect. The study has been done to determine the toxic level and the lethal concentration...

The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using...

Here in this study regarding the over expression of TP, which causes some physical, mental and socio problems like psoriasis, chronic inflammatory disease, tumor angiogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis etc. By this consideration, the inhibition of this enzyme is vital to secure life from serious threats. In connection with this, we have synthesized t...

The WSE is a highly polar, gummy and mucilaginous bioactive content of the Nigella sativa (L.) seeds. This study reports the anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE investigated using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Hole-Board Test (HBT) in adult mice and human RBCs haemolysis inhibition and protein denaturation respectively. The oral WSE trea...

Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows non-toxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. The present study aimed to assess the toxic effect a...

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been recognized as an alternative vertebrate animal model for neurobehavioral and chemical toxicity studies. Aluminium chloride (AlCl 3) is a well-known neurotoxic chemical. The oil of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds (NSO) has been reported to possess several bioactivities whilst water-soluble extract (WSE) is an oil-free bioa...

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly gainin...

Chromen-4-one substituted oxadiazole analogs 1–19 have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibition. All analogs exhibited a variable degree of β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging in between 0.8 ± 0.1–42.3 ± 0.8 μM when compared with the standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50 = 48.1 ± 1....

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) extraction was carried out on Stereospermum fimbriatum’s stem bark in order to obtain an enriched extract containing the targeted active compound. The recovery of its active compound, C1, was compared with the most active Soxhlet’s extract of dichloromethane. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was d...

A standard protocol to develop type 1 diabetes in zebrafish is still uncertain due to unpredictable factors. In this study, an optimized protocol was developed and used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Psychotria malayana leaf. The aims of this study were to develop a type 1 diabetic adult zebrafish model and to evaluate the anti-diabetic...

Porcupine bezoar (PB) is a calcified undigested material generally found in porcupine's (Hystrix brachyura) gastrointestinal tract. The bezoar is traditionally used in South East Asia and Europe for the treatment of cancer, poisoning, dengue, typhoid, etc. However, limited scientific studies have been performed to verify its anticancer potential to...

Abstract Background Methanol extract (MECN) of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves (family Acanthaceae) demonstrated peripherally and centrally mediated antinociceptive activity via the modulation of opioid/NO-mediated, but cGMP-independent pathway. In the present study, MECN was sequentially partitioned to obtain petroleum ether extract of C. nutans...

Entada spiralis Ridl. (Leguminosae), locally known as Sintok or Beluru, is a tropical woody climber that grows widely in Malaysia. It is a valuable and well-known plant in herbal medicine due to its various traditional and medicinal applications. Crude extracts were obtained from the stem bark by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol as e...