Priyank Rai

Background/Objectives Smile analysis is a determinant tool for the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcome. This study aimed to evaluate and compare dynamic smile before and after twin block therapy. Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted on 30 subjects in age group of 11–14 years (mean age = 12.80 ± 1.2 years). Dynamic smi...

Surgical intervention in patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) leads to altered muscular activity and hinders the normal growth of the maxilla. To compare the activity of superior orbicularis oris and masticatory muscles between repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and non-cleft individuals. A literature search was carri...

Cleft lip and palate are common congenital defects with multifactorial complex etiology characterized by complete or incomplete cleft of lip, alveolus, and hard and soft palate. In infants, the main problem lies in the difficulty of suckling with frequent nasal regurgitation leading to respiratory and middle ear infections. This article presents a...

Nasoalveolar moulding (NAM) is a paradigm shift from the presurgical orthopaedics used extensively over the past 20 years in infants with cleft lip and palate. It has been proposed that the gap between the clefted segments be filled up before surgical repair via presurgical nasoalveolar moulding. To attain the best practical and aesthetic results,...

Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the stress distribution and displacement due to three different vertical positions of the mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliance. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element meshed model was created of the maxillofacial complex with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBC...

In orthodontic research, the finite element method (FEM) has been widely used as an engineering resource for calculating the stress and deformation of complex structures. Applying the FEM can predict the graphic representation of these tissue responses through the observation of areas of stress created by applied orthodontic mechanics. This method...

Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital anomaly affecting 1.6 per 1000 live births. Cleft lip and palate may involves the lip, alveolus, hard palate and soft palate in different combinations. As cleft lip and palate involves diverse combinations and requires an interdisciplinary approach towards treatment, a common language of communicat...

Objective To evaluate and assess changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ), dental, skeletal and soft tissue changes following bimaxillary anchored fixed functional appliance (FFA) treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods The prospective single-arm clinical trial included 15 patients (8 males, 7 females;...

Aim: To determine the association of salivary IGF-1 and vitamin D Binding Protein with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) across the pubertal stages and to determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal threshold of these biomarkers for estimation of pubertal growth. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Material and met...

Objective/Background Craniofacial growth and development is influenced by growth hormone, which is in turn facilitated by the growth hormone receptor (GHR). GHR gene polymorphisms have been found to be associated with mandibular morphology and skeletal facial profiles in various populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association of...

Objective To evaluate the relevant scientific literature to determine the association between different serum biomarker levels and radiographic skeletal maturity indicators. Data Search, Screening and Eligibility A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Science Direct and Opengrey.eu up to...

Background: The setback of having a child with cleft lip and palate deeply affects the parents psychology. The Pre Surgical Infant Orthopaedics(PSIO) is a promising procedure for improvement in facial morphology prior to primary lip repair. Objective: The current study examines the perception of effects of PSIO procedures on the facial appearanc...

Background Photobiomodulation has been gaining traction as a plausible therapy to control orthodontically induced root resorption. Aim The aim of the present review was to systematically appraise randomized controlled trials conducted to study the influence of photobiomodulation on external root resorption during orthodontic movement in humans. M...

Restoration of missing oral tissues in patients with cleft lip and palate is the biggest challenge in their rehabilitation. In this report, we described the postdistraction rehabilitation and 1‑year follow‑up of the regenerated bone by implant‑supported prosthesis and orthodontic tooth movement. A novel distraction appliance regenerated natural bon...

Restoration of missing oral tissues in patients with cleft lip and palate is the biggest challenge in their rehabilitation. In this report, we described the postdistraction rehabilitation and 1-year follow-up of the regenerated bone by implant-supported prosthesis and orthodontic tooth movement. A novel distraction appliance regenerated natural bon...

Introduction The intra-oral skeletally anchored maxillary protraction (I-SAMP) has been found to be an effective treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion. Objective This in-silico study explored the influence of different force directions of intra-oral skeletally anchored Class III elastics on the changes in craniomaxillofacial complex, using...

The alignment of cleft segments is the primary step in presurgical orthopedics and is more critical in the bilateral clefts where the arch is segmented into three units. The projecting pre maxilla poses a great challenge to the alignment of segmented arch due to its unrestrained forward movement. The lateral segments are often collapsed with anteri...

Background Although, the outcomes and changes in the maxillofacial complex after the application of intraoral bone anchored Class III elastics, have been reported by multiple clinical studies, there was no finite element study to assess and evaluate the stress pattern and displacement on maxillomandibular complex with bimaxillary anchorage. The pre...

Crouzon syndrome is one of the most common craniosynostosis facial syndromes caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. Less commonly, there is a mutation of the FGFR3 gene which results in Crouzon syndrome syndrome with acanthosis nigricans. It involves the premature fusion of sutures of the cranial vault, base,...

Objective The objective of the study was to compare external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement between patients who were subjected to photobiomodulation and those who were not. Materials and methods The study was designed as a split-mouth, single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted on twenty-two orthodontic patients requiri...

Objective To assess the treatment outcome of custom made maxillary transport distractor appliance for closure of large alveolar clefts. Method A pilot study was conducted on 12 large alveolar cleft defects present in 11 non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients (1 bilateral and 10 unilateral) in the age group of 16–25 years. All the subjects und...

Aim: The orthodontic treatment planning relies on correct diagnosis of skeletal discrepancy, which demands accurate and precise cephalometric parameters. This study proposed an angle, which is based on unvarying cephalometric points and gives a true sagittal skeletal maxillomandibular relationship. Materials and methods: The present study was co...

Background: The presence of malocclusion in an individual not only distresses the oral form and function but also has a significant impact on the psychological and social well-being of an individual. Adoption of a patient centered approach during the correction of malocclusion serves to benefit both the individual and the orthodontic fraternity as...

Craniofacial development is a sophisticated process which has multiple genetic and epigenetic factors involved. Disturbance in the developmental process can cause morphologic and functional defects, which may also affect the psychological health of the individual. It is imperative for orthodontists to have a thorough knowledge about the growth of t...

External apical root resorption is one of the most deleterious complications after orthodontic treatment. Studies to explain the causal relationship between orthodontic tooth movement and external apical root resorption have been inconclusive till date. Individual variations in external apical root resorption sometimes overshadow the treatment rela...

Class III malocclusion can be varied in presentation and progression. This report describes the presentation, course of treatment and long-term follow-up of two siblings with Class III malocclusion. Two cases discussed in this report were different in their presentation. Sibling 1, a 19-year-old male patient had developed skeletal Class III maloccl...

Background The treatment of Skeletal Class III malocclusion continues to be considered as one of the biggest challenges in orthodontics as the success of its correction is largely unpredictable. Early diagnosis and treatment are highly recommended to eliminate primary etiological factors and prevent an increase in severity of the existing malocclus...

Objective: A twin block appliance used for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion suffers from undesirable dental effects and bulkiness. To overcome these limitations and the need for more esthetic appearance of this appliance, an esthetic twin block was designed and used in patients. This study aimed to compare dentoskeletal changes and est...

The nose is central in the determination of facial esthetics. The variations in its structural characteristics greatly influence the ultimate dentoskeletal positioning at the end of an orthodontic therapy. A careful insight into its developmental etiology will greatly aid the health care professional in identifying patient's real concern about the...

Objective To analyze the effects of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) in newborns with cleft lip and palate and evaluate its postsurgical stability at 1-year follow-up using a nasal stent. Design Prospective clinical trial. Setting Department of Orthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi. Patients Patients with cleft li...

Introduction: Skeletal Class III malocclusion with asymmetry is one of the most difficult problems to correct in orthodontics. A functional shift of the mandible in growing patients may occur accompanying a Class III, due to constricted maxillary arch and occlusal interferences. Studies have indicated that posterior unilateral crossbite develops ea...

Purpose Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a common phenomenon that occurs as an adverse effect of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of the scoping review is to explore and review the literature assessing the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Methodology...

Impaction of maxillary molars is an extremely rare condition and difficult to manage. This case reports a rare cause for impacted maxillary molars which has not been reported in the literature till date. A 13-year-old patient with missing right maxillary first and second molars reported to the outpatient department. Cone beam computed tomography sc...

The aim of the current longitudinal study was to assess the levels of serum Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and serum Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in different cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages and observe their association with the mandibular growth. Blood samples and lateral cephalograms of 63 subjects (age group...

Purpose Pain associated with orthodontic treatment is often one of the reasons for dropout during fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of photobiomodulation on pain during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods A single blind study using a split mouth design was carried out on 24 subjects...

Introduction: Various types of separators have been advocated, but the ideal separator should produce optimum separation with minimal pain and discomfort. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the amount of separation achieved by three different types of separators (Elastomeric, Kesling and Kansal), and to assess the...

Twin block is a commonly used appliance for correction of retrognathic mandible in growing patients. However, it has a drawback of causing lower incisor proclination, which reduces its potential of achieving maximum skeletal effects. Thus, we introduced a novel modification in the present design to facilitate greater anteroposterior effects in skel...

Background: HYDIS-TB is a contemporary distraction appliance used in large alveolar cleft defects. This appliance requires intraoral trimming at the docking site during approximation of the segments which cause entrapment of acrylic particles at the surgical site thereby hampering normal healing process. Solution: We employed commonly available put...

Objective: There is an increasing tendency to prescribe maxillary orthopaedic treatment with skeletal anchorage, with the goal of enhancing the skeletal and minimizing the dentoalveolar effects – offering a management option for skeletal Class III dysmorphoses that otherwise they received surgical treatment in their adulthood. An update is provided...

Background: Pain and long treatment duration are two of the majors concerns associated with fixed orthodontic treatment. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) as a non-surgical approach has been reported to challenge both the concerns. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of low level laser therapy on rate of orthodontic tooth movement du...

Introduction: A close relationship exists between pharyngeal airway and dentofacial structures. Retrognathic mandible is an anatomic predisposing factor for narrow pharyngeal airway. Twin Block appliance improves the patency of pharyngeal airway by correction of mandibular retrognathia in growing patients. Aim: To assess changes in pharyngeal airwa...

Esthetics is the chief concern with which the patient approaches to an orthodontist. Orthodontists are gearing up to make the treatment esthetic in both the active and the retentive phase. Here, we present a relapsed case of 15-year-old female patient who got her fixed treatment done and was wearing Hawley’s appliance with anterior bite plane as re...

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess levels of serum Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and serum Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and comparing with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India. Participants: 150 subject...

Background Determination of skeletal maturation and remaining growth potential is an essential part of treatment planning in orthodontics. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between IGF-1 levels, IGFBP-3 levels with CVM staging to track the pre pubertal and pubertal growth spurts in female patients in North Indian population. Me...

Background With change in concepts of growth determination methods, there is a surge in the measurement of biomarkers for appraisal of growth status. Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein and was observed to parallel the normal growth curve. Hence, the present study was intended to assess the levels of serum osteocalcin and serum insulin-like grow...

Feeding appliance has traditionally been given to facilitate feeding in an infant with cleft lip and palate. Anothe important indication of this appliance can be in cases where feeding is not much affected but there is recurren infection. The incidence of ear diseases is high in case of cleft palate patients especially in first few years of lif Thi...

Introduction: One of the most undesirable consequences of orthodontic treatment is occurrence of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Numerous in vitro studies have reported the prevention of enamel demineralization by surface treatment with lasers and fluoride varnish. Aim: To evaluate the changes on the enamel surface and microhar...

Orthodontic treatment involves the use of attachments and force element that can negatively affect the dietary intake, compromising the nutrition of the patient. On the other hand, for effective orthodontic treatment, a balanced diet is required. Thus it becomes a vicious cycle, which should be taken into consideration by both the patient and the o...

Introduction: The impact of dental appearance, malocclusion and treatment for the same on psychological and functional wellbeing has drawn increasing attention over the past decade. Various psychometric instruments alongside normative indices have been used to predict orthodontic concerns. Evaluating the patients’ experience during the orthodontic...

Correction of class II molars in growing patients with acceptable facial profile can be performed by distalization of maxillary first molars. However, in patients where compliance is difficult intraoral means of molar distalization is required. This case report describes the use and effectiveness of a novel 2K appliance in an 11‑year‑old female hav...

Purpose: The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of masseter muscle thickness on buccal corridor space and underlying craniofacial morphology. Materials and Methods: Forty-six young adults (23 males and 23 females) in the age group of 18–23 years having intact dentitions and Class I molar relationship were included in the study. Ma...

Introduction: Biochemical markers are agents directly involved in bone growth and remodeling and can be quantitatively evaluated from various biologic fluids. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in serum and urine as a growth maturity indicator and to compare them with the cervical...

The intrusion of the maxillary first molar is indicated when occlusal clearance is needed for prosthetic rehabilitation. Maxillary molar intrusion may be undertaken using skeletal anchorage systems to avoid complicated mechanics delivered by conventional intra-oral fixed appliances. In the present case report, the efficient use of orthodontic minis...

Because of the high failure rates, large alveolar cleft defects cannot be successfully closed with bone grafting. Vega introduced the use of the hyrax screw for the closure of such defects by distraction osteogenesis. However, his technique was more invasive with a difficult adaptation of the appliance at the surgical table. To overcome these limit...

Objective: To cephalometrically evaluate and compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes after maxillary protraction with skeletally anchored and conventional facemask. Methods: The data for the study were collected from the pre- and post-treatment records of patients of maxillary retrusion treated with skeletally anchored and con...

In this article we describe a modified clear aligner with z spring for correction ofsingle tooth crossbite. It serves as an esthetic alternative to conventional removable appliance and at the same time, it is an inexpensive alternative to clear aligner technology.

Aglossia is a rare congenital disorder with complete absence of tongue that can also be associated with limb deformities, syndromes and aberrant positioning of the visceral organs. The present case report describes multidisciplinary rehabilitation in a patient with Aglossia Congenita along with dextrocardia, situs inversus, mutilated dentition with...

The projecting premaxilla in case of bilateral cleft lip and palate presents a great challenge to the surgical repair of the cleft lip due to difficulty in suturing the large defect. Furthermore, the short columella and nasal dysmorphology result in compromised esthetics even with repeated surgeries. The current case report describes the use of an...

Optimal positioning of orthodontic mini-implants is essential for a successful treatment with skeletal anchorage. This study aims to compare the accuracy of two-dimensional radiographs with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for mini-implant placement. An ideal site for mini-implant placement at the buccal interradicular space between the secon...

Elastomeric ligatures are routinely used in any Orthodontic setup. The biggest challenge at the onset lies in ligating rotated teeth. If conventional elastomeric ligatures are used on such teeth there are two associated problems: First due to tautness of the ligature tie the bracket may debond and second the patient may feel discomfort due to exces...

This article presents insight into the different types of asymmetrical Class III dentofacial deformities, their diagnoses, and the treatment modalities adopted by orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons. In diagnosing facial and dental asymmetries, a thorough clinical examination and radiographic survey are necessary to determine the extent of the...

Newer available composite resin adhesives have chromatic agents that change their color during setting from pink to colorless. It has an advantage of easy flash removal thus reducing the amount of plaque accumulation and helping patients to maintain better hygiene. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare shear bond strengths of light-cure...

The biggest challenge in mini-screw placement is the accuracy and ease of placement, thus avoiding their proximity to the adjacent root structures during insertion. We have designed a very simple and inexpensive grid holder and a grid which can be used on buccal and palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular arches, in anterior as well as posteri...

Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat are commonly seen in family medicine, usually in children. Occasionally, orthodontic appliances or parts of orthodontic appliances are accidentally swallowed and have caused problems with either the airway or the gastrointestinal tract. The purposes of this article were to describe the type of appliances...