Preeti Bajaj

Lovely Professional University | LPU · NA

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a networking paradigm that allows network administrators to dynamically manage network traffic flows and optimize network performance. One of the key benefits of SDN is the ability to compute and direct traffic along efficient paths through the network. In recent years, researchers have proposed various SDN-base...

Network routing algorithms form the backbone of data transmission in modern network architectures, with implications for efficiency, speed, and reliability. This research aims to critically investigate and compare three prominent routing algorithms: Bellman-Ford, Shortest Path Faster Algorithm (SPFA), and our novel improved variant of Bellman-Ford,...

Brain-Computer Interface provides and simplifies the communication channel for the physically disabled individuals suffering from severe brain injury related to brain stroke and lost ability to speak. It helps these patients to connect with the outside world. In the proposed work, the electroencephalogram signal is used as an input source taken fro...

Brain–Computer Interface facilitates the communication link for the physically disabled person suffering from severe brain injury related to brain stroke and has lost the ability to speak. It helps them to connect with the outside world. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient signal measurement method to record brain activity which carries info...

Main objective of the proposed work is to develop an approach for video coding based on Fractal coding using the weighted finite automata (WFA). The proposed work only focuses on reducing the encoding time as this is the basic limitation why the Fractal coding not becomes the practical reality. WFA is used for the coding as it behaves like the Frac...

Congestion is the primary issue related to traffic flow. Avoiding congestion after getting into is not possible. So the only way is to make the informed decision by knowing the traffic situation in advance. This can be achieved with the help of traffic flow prediction. In the proposed work, short term traffic flow prediction is performed using supp...

There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of transportation system is missing a...

Main objective of the proposed work is to develop an approach for video coding based on Fractal coding using the weighted finite automata (WFA). The proposed work only focuses on reducing the encoding time as this is the basic limitation why the Fractal coding not becomes the practical reality. WFA is used for the coding as it behaves like the Frac...

The major challenge with fractal image/video coding technique is that, it requires more encoding time. Therefore, how to reduce the encoding time is the research component remains in the fractal coding. Block matching motion estimation algorithms are used, to reduce the computations performed in the process of encoding. The objective of the propose...

Fractal coding technique has become the most popular coding technique in the recent development of image/video compression technologies for its better performance, achieving a high compression ratio, less decoding time and good reconstruction quality of image. This paper elaborates on the approach which is a combination of a quadtree partitioning s...

Increasing numbers of vehicles on the road are adding to the problems associated with road traffic. Efficient monitoring of vehicles is need of time for smooth traffic flow. Vehicle collision detection and congestion control are prime challenges to be met. Many technologies are in action for collision free traffic. Pertaining to this, vehicle colli...

Fractal based compression technique has a very good performance in terms of achieving a high compression ratio and producing a good quality of image/ picture. Fractal coding technique is limited because of large number of computation is required for searching best possible domain blocks, number of comparisons and transformations applied on each dom...

The major problem with fractal-based coding technique is that, it requires more computation at the encoding phase. Therefore, to reduce this computation, block-matching motion estimation algorithms are used. In this paper, we proposed a modified three-step search algorithm (MTSS) for block-matching motion estimation which consists of two cross-sear...

The current paper includes review of worldwide research work on various issues related to VANET; challenges, stability, performance parameters and solutions to them. VANET target the design and deployment of the QoS-assured, secure and high-speed communication connectivity on mobile platforms such as buses, trains, cars, ships, marine squad of batt...

Expression recognition or Emotional state recognition using holistic and feature information is the vital step in Driver Assistance System. Many researchers have work on Facial Gesture or Emotion recognition independently. The purpose of the present paper is to deal with Simultaneous Facial Gesture tracking and Emotion recognition with Soft Computi...

Traffic on urban roads is increasing day by day. In India there has been a sudden rise in vehicles on road leading to several problems such as loss of time, increased fuel consumption, wasted fuel increasing air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, noise pollution, inconvenience caused due to long queues and increased cost. Intelligent methods h...

Globally terrorism continues to destroy the lives of people. To identify the terrorist amongst the other people is very difficult rather impossible. This exploratory study aims at investigating the effects of terrorism to recognize emotions. The current paper presents a view-based approach to the representation and recognition of human facial expre...

The advent of the Web has raised different searching and querying problems. Keyword matching[1] based querying techniques used by various search engines, return thousands of Web documents for a single query, and most of these documents are generally are unrelated to the users' required information. Queries submitted to a search engine may have ambi...

The next generation of banking applications won't be on desktop or mainframes but on the small devices we carry every day. Secured e banking on the mobile is the latest issue for all mobile users.

The fatigue state of the driver is one of the important factors that cause traffic accidents. Vision based facial expression recognization technique is the most prospective method to detect driver fatigue. Therefore, a system that can detect oncoming driver drowsiness and issue timely warning could help in preventing many accidents and consequently...

This paper presents a Real Time Monitoring System for Driver Vigilance. The main components of the system consist of a web cam for real-time image acquisition and an alarm system which characterize a Driver's level of vigilance. The three conditions in which the facial expressions of the driver taken are vehicle light, sunlight and noise. The effec...

In recent years, video processing have been widely used in traffic management. Vehicle detection and vehicle classification using neural network (NN), can be achieved by video monitoring systems. In most vehicle detection methods in the literature, only the detection of vehicles in frames of the given video is emphasized. However, further analysis...

This paper discusses the design of micro power Sigma-delta modulator with GA based oversampling technology. This Sigma-delta modulator design is paid special attention to its low power application of portable electronic system in digitizing biomedical signals such as Electro-cardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG) etc. [1]. A high performance,...

Increasing use of Electronic gadget in vehicular system need researchers‟ attention to provide optimize solution for the system; in various aspects like power consumption, size, cost, complexity etc. There are many economic and technical arguments for the reduction of the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs). One can be number of nearby applic...

Texture can be considered as a repeating pattern of local variation of pixel intensities. In texture classification the goal is to assign an unknown sample image to a set of known texture classes. One of the difficulties in texture classification was the lack of tools that characterize textures. Classification of textures has received attention dur...

Human face detection is concerned with finding location and size of every human face in a given image. Locating skin pixels in images or video sequences where people appear has many applications, especially those related to Human-Computer Interaction. Face detection plays a very important role in human computer interaction field. It represents the...

To reduce accidents and increasing safety, thereby saving lives are one of the context of driver assistance system, among the complex and challenging tasks of future road vehicle is road lane detection. Lane detection is difficult problem because of varying road condition that one can encounter during driving. In this paper a hybrid approach on cap...

This paper focuses on traffic flow forecasting approach based on soft computing tools. The soft computing tools used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Wavelet Network Model(WNM). The forecast of short-term traffic flow in timely and accurate is one of important contents of intelligent transportation system research. The modelling of traffic...

Automatic traffic sign recognition system can help the driver to make a right decision at the right time for safe driving. This paper presents an algorithm for detection of traffic sign using color centroid matching. This algorithm detects the traffic sign from the images captured from the complex road environment. YCbCr color space is used for col...

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) from video is an essential research area in the field of Human Computer Interfaces (HCI). In this work, we present a new method to recognize several facial expressions from time sequential facial expression images. Firstly the video sequence is converted to image frames. Sequentially each image frame is subjected...

Due to the advent of computer technology image-processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of applications. This is particularly true for medical imaging such as Computer Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI), and nuclear medicine, which can be used to assist doctors in diagnosis, treatment, and research. In...

Dynamic properties of neural networks using dynamic neuron can be implemented with the analog dynamic synapse. The proposed circuit has few CMOS transistors but imitates well the dynamic properties of depressing synapses. Dynamical synapse increases the computational power of the neuronal network. An approach towards design of depressing synapse is...

To meet the growing needs of computing power, communication speed and performance requirements demanded by today’s applications, processor clock speed has to be increased. However, increasing clock speed is not viable due to heat dissipation and power consumption constraints. Hence Instead of trying to increase the clock speed, multi-core processor...

Vehicle Class is an important parameter in road traffic measurement. In this paper authors developed an algorithm to find the accuracy of the system for vehicle classification using different techniques. The algorithm mainly reads the inference system and applies various input samples, check the class of each sample and calculate the accuracy. The...

Human face tracker is one of important research areas that is continuously developing. Many methods have been developed for performing an effective and efficient face tracker based system application. One category of the face tracker methods is the real-time face tracker, which is a challenging task in this field. This paper presents a real-time hu...

International statistics shows that large numbers of road accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. In this paper the authors tried to detect the fatigue of a person who is working under some stressful conditions like Driving. The principle of the proposed system is based on the facial image analysis for warning the driver of fatigue to prevent t...

On-chip communication architecture plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the system-on-chip (SoC) design. In the resource sharing mechanism of SoC, the communication architecture should be flexible to offer high performance over a wide range of traffic. The low priority components may suffer from starvation, while high p...

The FlexRay communication system is an emerging standard for advanced automotive control applications, such as drive-by-wire. The detailed microarchitectural level of the FlexRay specification facilitates implementations where the internal operation closely reflects the protocol specification definitions. Corresponding functional coverage models in...

Millions of road users and pedestrians are killed in traffic accidents each year. The need to increase road safety is one of the major concerns, and the better way to increase safety is to develop systems which are able to automatically drive. The authors have tried to extract the information of sharpness of curves on the road and have presented th...

The intent of this article is to analyze road traffic accident data recorded over a five-year period in Raipur Chhattisgarh, ascertain the causes of such accidents and suggest precautionary strategies for preventing or controlling them for the benefit of road users. An analysis of accident data recorded between 2004-2008. The causes of these accide...

Vehicle Class is an important parameter in road traffic measurement. In this paper authors developed an algorithm to find the accuracy of the system for vehicle classification using different techniques. The algorithm mainly reads the inference system and applies various input samples, check the class of each sample and calculate the accuracy. Init...

Vehicle to vehicle communication has recently increased attention with respect to traffic regulation/safety aspects. In this spontaneous information network, each vehicle can take on the role of a receiving the data from the base station allowing a chain of information to be built up that is capable of covering a substantial distance. However there...

VLSI cell placement problem is known to be NP complete. A wide repertoire of heuristic algorithms exists in the literature for efficiently arranging the logic cells on a VLSI chip. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive solution of the cell placement technique, with emphasis on standard cell and macro cell placement using simulat...

Due to the advent of computer technology image-processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of applications. This is particularly true for medical imaging such as Computer Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI), and nuclear medicine, which can be used to assist doctors in diagnosis, treatment, and research Thi...

In computer vision, image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of videos. The output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to image. The color vision systems require a first step of classifying pixels in a given image into a...

This paper discusses the application of Gabor filter based feature extraction in combination with neural network for the recognition of five different facial emotions (happy, sad, angry, fear and neutral) as illustrated in Figure 1. Facial expressions provide rich information about human emotion and play an essential role in human communication. Th...

The VHDL-AMS based genetic optimization of fuzzy logic controller for movement control systems is discussed here. The designs have been carried out in the digital domain with HDL. The basic components of the fuzzy logic controller are designed using VHDL-AMS. The proposed work focuses on control of speed with respect to input parameter such as Alig...

International statistics shows that a large number of road accidents are caused by driver fatigue. Therefore, a system that can detect oncoming driver fatigue and issue timely warning could help to prevent many accidents, and consequently save money and reduce personal suffering. In this proposed system security camera can be used that points direc...

This paper gives the information of Flexray protocol, Flexray is a new standard of communication between electronic modules installed in a vehicle. The protocol is based on mechanisms known from telecommunication networks coupled with real time requirements. Its architecture containing Series of FSMs, watchdogs, bus guardian block etc. This paper d...

Limits to precision impose limits to the complexity of analog circuits, hence fuzzy analog controllers are usually oriented to fast low-power systems with low medium complexity. This paper presents a strategy to preserve most of the advantages of an analog implementation, while allowing a marked increment in system complexity. A digitally-programma...

The international statistics shows that a large number of road accidents are caused by driver fatigue. Therefore, a system that can detect oncoming driver fatigue and issue timely warning could help in preventing many accidents, and consequently save money and reduce personal suffering. The authors have made an attempt to design a system that uses...

There are many economic and technical arguments for the reduction of the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) aboard a car. One of the key obstacles to achieve this goal is the limited composability, fault isolation and error containment of todaypsilas single processor architectures. However, significant changes in the chip architecture are ta...

The current paper discusses a design approach for Intelligent vehicle black box system with vehicle networking. It is also proposed that the system will consists of intelligent router (based on LIN or Flex-ray) which on activation will execute for authentication & validation. After confirmation it will form packets of emergency data depending upon...

The hybrid intelligent systems are gaining popularity due to extensive success of these systems in many real world complex problems. In this paper, the implementation of the complex fuzzy logic modules have been undertaken with VLSI design approach. Complex fuzzy logic is a generalization of traditional fuzzy logic based on complex fuzzy sets. The...

The VHDL-AMS based fuzzy logic controller for movement control systems is discussed here. The designs have been carried out in the digital domain with HDL. The basic components of the fuzzy logic controller are designed using VHDL-AMS. The proposed work focuses on control of speed with respect to input parameter such as Alignment & distance with tr...

On-chip communication architecture plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the System-on-Chip (SoC) design. In the recourse sharing mechanism of SoC, the communication architecture should be flexible to offer high performance over a wide range of traffic. Conventional SoC architecture typically employ priority or time divi...

On-chip communication architecture plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the System-on-Chip (SoC) design. In the recourse sharing mechanism of SoC, the communication architecture should be flexible to offer high performance over a wide range of traffic. The paper describes and evaluates the use of fuzzy logic arbiters fo...

Summary Driver fatigue is an important factor in large number of accidents. There has been much work done in driver fatigue detection. This paper presents driver fatigue detection based on tracking the mouth and to study on monitoring and recognizing yawning. The authors proposed a method to locate and track driver's mouth using cascade of classifi...

The design approach for fuzzy controller for autonomous mobile systems is discussed here. Silicon area & operational speed are the major constraints for fuzzy controllers. The digital approach has greater flexibility, easier design automation, and good compatibility with other digital systems but they are more complex. The designs have been carried...

Vehicle class is an important parameter in the process of road-traffic measurement. Currently, algorithm for inductive loop detector (ILD) uses back propagation neural network for vehicle classification. It has disadvantage of being stuck in local minima also more number of computations are required to find final weights of FFNN. This paper discuss...

The approach for design of four way set associative multilevel CMOS cache memory is discussed here. The cache hierarchy, organization and cache structure has been discussed. Apart from these the two levels i.e. level 1 & level 2 of cache memory design approach are discussed. The type of cache memory organization to be used is the major part design....

International statistics shows that a large number of road accidents are caused by driver fatigue. Therefore, a system that can detect oncoming driver fatigue and issue timely warning could help prevent many accidents, and consequently save money and reduce personal suffering. The authors have made an attempt to design a system that uses security c...

The design approaches & constraints for hardware implementation of fuzzy logic controllers are discussed here. The digital, analog & mixed analog domains are compared. Apart from these the Memory based approach & MFC based approach are discussed. Silicon area & operational speed are the major constraints for fuzzy controllers. Most hardware impleme...

Interference in wireless/mobile communications can be reduced by deploying efficient radio subsystems and by making use of channel assignment techniques. The number of frequencies assigned to each base station must be chosen large enough to satisfy the given demand in the corresponding cell. In this paper, authors made an attempt to combine advanta...

The proposed work includes CMOS design of a Neuron to generate binary logic Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as well as Multilayer Neural network. Several neural net chips exist on the market today. Some of these chips operate as analog devices by running below threshold on the transistors thereby gaining continuous properties instead of discrete pr...

The traffic sign detection and recognition system is an essential module of the driver warning and assistance system. During the last few years much research effort has been devoted to autonomous vehicle navigation using different algorithm. Proposed work includes a neural network based drivers assistance system for traffic sign detection. In this...

This paper mainly proposes a benefit of methodology for pre trip plan assistance system with vehicle health monitoring. It proposes a comparison of calculating safest distance traveled by a vehicle by evaluating vehicle health monitoring using open loop Mamdani, open loop Sugeno, hybrid fuzzy, closed loop genetic fuzzy and adaptive neuro fuzzy cont...

This paper presents the architecture and learning procedure-underlying Adaptive- Neural Fuzzy Inference System, a Fuzzy Inference System implemented in the framework of adaptive neural networks. It elaborates the work to employ the ANFIS architecture to model linear function for creating a closed loop system. It tests the comparative performance wi...

The study of Vehicle Health monitoring plays very important role in deciding the possibility of completing journey successfully. Already work has been done on Pre Trip plan assistance with vehicle Health Monitoring with simple and Hybrid Fuzzy controllers. The conventional Fuzzy logic controllers are knowledge-based systems, incorporating human kno...

Traveler information plays a critical role in supporting safety, security, mobility, and in improving the reliability of travel. In the present work, authors are proposing an electronic cascaded controller making use of knowledge based system and fuzzy control. This will alert driver about possibility of completing journey successfully, considering...

The increase in number of road vehicles has out paced the improvements and developments on the road resulting into unsafe road travel. In a conventional car today, drivers would still be required to manoeuvre the vehicle at night without any assistance by the system. The traffic moves at higher speeds along the highways and freeways at night. In th...

In the early days of automobiles, speeds of vehicles were very low and there were relatively few vehicles on the road. The increase in the number of vehicles and their speed has already outpaced the improvements on roads and the other traffic facilities, resulting in unsafe road travel. The fundamental component of night driving is the headlight wh...