Pratik Phansopkar

Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University | BVDU · Orthopaedic Physiotherapy

Compression of the lumbar spine's nerve roots results in the uncommon but dangerous illness known as cauda equina syndrome (CES), which impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. To relieve pressure on the cauda equina, immediate surgical decompression is essential. However, long-term rehabilitation is frequently necessary for recovery, with...

Background and aim: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a complicated and common headache disorder that may present itself with cervical spine dysfunction, irritation of the nerves, central sensitization, and muscular tension. Theoretically, this diagnosis should be an exclusionary diagnosis, considering the fact that it requires extended clinical asses...

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent and can seriously impair stability and mobility. This study examines rehabilitation outcomes in four patients following ligament reconstruction. Four patients who underwent ACL reconstruction and received different physiotherapy protocols, namely, "Oxford Knee Services," "Mass General Br...

Dr. Madhav Gajanan Mokashi is a remarkable individual in physiotherapy, and he is celebrated for his exceptional blend of educational and clinical excellence. His innovative research and influential roles in prominent conferences have shaped the physiotherapy landscape in India. Beyond his professional achievements, Dr. Mokashi has touched countles...

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint ailment that predominantly affects the knee and is most common in older adults. It destroys the surrounding tissues and cartilage. Following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patients with end-stage knee OA can have long-term pain reduction and patient satisfaction, although certain functional l...

Scheuermann disease, a structural deformity marked by kyphotic alterations in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine, is frequently accompanied by back discomfort and spinal wedging. Scheuermann disease predominantly affects the thoracic and thoracolumbar parts of the spine; thus, there is an indirect link between the two conditions. This case report...

Headaches are a common neurological disorder, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments include pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a holistic, hands-on technique used by osteopathic physicians to alleviate pain and improve function by addressing musculoskele...

This case report explains the successful management of a rare, combined injury: an undisplaced patellar fracture and a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture at the tibial attachment in a 44-year-old male patient following a motorbike accident. While both injuries are frequently seen in orthopedic practice, their concurrent occurrence...

Electrical injuries are common phenomena in developing countries, due to inadequate safety measures followed during day-to-day electrical repairs. Workplace injuries account for 20% of these. In some severe cases, electrical injuries lead to burns, indirect fracture dislocations, speech impairments, etc. Falls due to electrical injuries leading to...

Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint among individuals engaged in physically demanding occupations, such as construction workers, luggage lifters, manual laborers, and drivers. One of the main problems facing modern healthcare is treating these people. The identification of distinct patient subgroups with non-specific LBP and the development o...

A prevalent musculoskeletal disorder known as nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is characterized by lumbar discomfort or pain that lacks a distinct, identifiable etiology. It is the main root of disability in all corners of the globe, affecting individuals across diverse age groups and occupations. NSLBP is often categorized as a multifactorial con...

Plantar fasciitis is generally described as an inflammation of the plantar fascia and adjacent tissues around calcaneus tuberosity. Plantar fasciitis onset has been proposed to have an internal mechanical cause, even though this is inadequately recognized. Studies related to alternation in lower-extremity biomechanics that leads to reduced domes of...

Plantar fasciitis arises from progressive damage of the plantar fascia, which originates at the medial calcaneal tuberosity and associated perifascial tissues. The plantar fascia is made up of three segments that grow from the calcaneus and serve a crucial role in appropriate foot biomechanics. The plantar fascia itself is vital in supporting the a...

Background Smartphone usage has led to an increase in text neck syndrome (TNS) and short message service (SMS) thumb, causing neck, shoulder, and thumb pain, affecting daily activities. Limited treatment options are available for these conditions, and early intervention is crucial to prevent chronic pain and musculoskeletal issues. This study sough...

Introduction Lower cross syndrome, also known as pelvic crossed syndrome, occurs if there is inadequate muscle strength, leading to an imbalance in the lower extremities. This condition is characterized by the weakening and tightening of muscle groups on the anterior and posterior aspects of the body. Mostly, there is weakness in the abdominal mus...

The term "Holstein-Lewis fracture" describes a spiral fracture that occurs in the shaft of the humerus at its distal third, which has been linked to radial nerve palsy in adults, and operative treatment is the preferred method of treating the trapped nerve at the fracture site. This paper describes a clinical case involving a 20-year-old male patie...

Introduction Nomophobia is an emerging phobia resulting from people's excessive interaction with mobile phones. This phobia is rapidly increasing due to significant technological innovations and widespread acceptance and usage of mobile phones worldwide. Nomophobia is often associated with complications such as panic attacks, irritability, and anxi...

This case report describes the rehabilitation of a 54-year-old female patient with a left knee dislocation and multiligament injury after surgery. The patient experienced persistent pain and difficulty with weight-bearing, leading to the need for surgical repair. The rehabilitation protocol included three phases: pain management, range-of-motion (R...

The progressive nature of Parkinson's disease and its associated motor and non-motor symptoms can lead to various complications when patients experience immobilization, exacerbating existing motor impairments and potentially giving rise to secondary health issues. The variability, progression, and management of tremors in PD can be challenging. Due...

Background Lateral epicondylitis (LE), sometimes referred to as tennis elbow or lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET), is one of the most common repetitive stress disorders in the elbow joint. Often, this involves the attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. This study's primary focus is on treating people with LE, a condition that cause...

Anterolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra in the spine slips forward relative to the vertebra below it. Anterolisthesis is often described in terms of the direction of the slippage and the affected vertebrae, such as L5-S1 anterolisthesis, which indicates the slippage occurring between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the sacral bone (S1)....

Periprosthetic fractures (PPF) are related to orthopaedic implants like internal fixators, replacement devices, etc. In this case report, we discussed a 55-year-old male patient who came to our tertiary care hospital with complaints of pain and swelling over the left hip for six months. After radiological investigations, he was diagnosed with a lef...

This case study examines the rehabilitation process of a 24-year-old female patient with thalassemia major (TM), a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, who also suffered from distal ulnar hypoplasia, a congenital anomaly that causes pain and affects the wrist joint's strength and range of motion. The patient underwent a comprehensive physical rehabilitatio...

A volar Barton fracture is a compression injury that usually results from a fall onto an outstretched, pronated wrist. It is characterized by an intraarticular marginal volar shearing fracture of the distal radius. Despite the prevalence of distal radius fractures, consensus regarding optimal treatment remains challenging. To achieve adequate align...

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) represents a complex spectrum of hip abnormalities, varying from mild dysplasia to severe dislocation, significantly impacting biomechanics and joint stability. This study explores the intricate pathogenesis of DDH, emphasizing its articular and periarticular anatomical anomalies and their profound implicati...

Background and objective The shoulder is the most flexible ball- and socket-type joint in the human body. The pathological condition that can commonly affect this joint is the frozen shoulder. This condition is marked by pain and stiffness in the area surrounding the shoulder complex. This leads to difficulty in doing the daily activities of living...

Avascular necrosis (AVN), a debilitating condition characterized by bone tissue death due to inadequate blood supply, can severely impact the hip joint, leading to pain, limited mobility, and joint dysfunction. The complex blood supply and mechanical stress on the hip make it particularly vulnerable to AVN. Early detection is challenging as AVN may...

One of the most prevalent degenerative musculoskeletal conditions is lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS), which is characterized by narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal that pressures the nerve roots and cauda equine. LSS, when treated surgically, usually presents with foot drop as its major complication. Foot drop is a common presentation of severa...

Retroperitoneal tumours, mainly classified as malignant and benign, have a rare incidence. It includes major parts of the peritoneum, and surgical excision remains the optimal pathway to remove the tumour. As with any surgery, tumour resection comes with its own complications. These complications would manifest differently depending on patient adap...

Plantar fasciitis is stated to arise because of inadequate accumulated tension at the plantar fascia's enthesis. Tensile load and prolonged strain cause tiny rips in the fascia, which trigger a chronic inflammation process of healing. This case report shows the diagnostic evaluations, assessment of the condition, and physical rehabilitation managem...

Physical therapists, equipped with unique diagnostic and treatment capabilities, play a pivotal role in advancing regenerative medicine. The present review explores the integration of mechanotherapy and mechanical techniques in physiotherapy, shedding light on the burgeoning field of mechanobiology and its implications for rehabilitative therapies....

A patellar fracture is a fracture of the kneecap. The patella is a shield that plays a vital function in the biomechanics of the knee joint. Traumatic knee injuries produced by direct trauma or quick quadriceps contraction with the knee bent can result in the loss of the extensor mechanism. A 69-year-old female patient presented with pain in her ri...

A head injury or cerebrovascular illness may be the cause of acute intracranial hemorrhage. Making a precise diagnosis is challenging since diagnostic imaging might be challenging in both situations. In this case report, an aneurysmal rupture related head injury resulted in an acute subdural hematoma (SHD) after the patient lost consciousness. A 54...

Due to the contracture or degeneration of the ruptured tendon, using primary suturing to treat chronic extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon ruptures is challenging. The most common cause of EHL rupture is a laceration when a sharp object drops over the dorsum of the foot. EHL injuries are rare cases. In this report, we present a case of a 23-year-...

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a prevalent congenital anomaly, is characterized by the backward bending of the hindfoot, the inward turning of the midfoot, and the turning or tilting of the front foot. The likelihood of experiencing clubfoot is higher in males and among firstborn offspring. Both genetic and environmental elements are recogn...

Charcot neuroarthropathy is the destruction of the bones and joints caused by underlying neuropathy, trauma, and disturbances in bone metabolism. Modern health care and surgical options now include limb salvage. An acquired or congenital foot deformity is the equinovarus deformity, also known as clubfoot or talipes equinovarus. The foot is fixed in...

Background The discomfort in the mid-shaft and distal end of the tibia caused by shin splints or tibial periostitis also known as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is frequently induced by participating in sports or other strenuous activities. The two treatment methods used in this study are the Graston technique and cupping therapy; we have com...

One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral submucous fibrosis. One such condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is characterized by severe trismus, disability, and a higher risk of cancer. The mouth opening gradually decreases,...

Introduction Proprioception is one's capacity to perceive bodily position, alignment, and movement. Several connective tissues, such as skin, ligaments, joint capsules, and muscles in the body, contain proprioceptive sensory receptors. Joint elasticity results from hormonal variations, notably the peak relaxin hormone during pregnancy, which also a...

Volar Barton fracture is a common condition in dislocation of the distal radius of the volar or dorsal aspect. It occurs due to violent injury or road traffic accidents. Radius is one of the most common parts to get affected. Various treatment plan is needed for this fracture like physical therapy and medication. Surgical intervention is necessary...

Background and objective A degenerative joint condition mostly affecting the weight-bearing joints is osteoarthritis (OA). The majority of the time, it involves the knee joint. Pain and stiffness are common in grade 1 and 2 OA. And that's the main reason people ask for help. Physiotherapy treatment can be helpful for symptomatic management of early...

Primary patellar dislocation or first-time patellar dislocation is the second most frequent cause of knee injuries which overall accounts for about 3% of other knee injuries. The patellofemoral joint is formed by the patella connecting to the femoral trochlea and creates both static and dynamic structures of the knee. There are basically three type...

Necrotizing fasciitis is defined as a highly progressive microbial infection. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is mostly based on clinical signs, and early diagnosis is key. There are several difficulties that patients confront following surgery. Physical therapy helps to regain the functional range of motion, enhance muscle strength, reduce...

Schatzker fracture belongs to the tibial plateau fracture. This fracture is frequently characterized by excessive trauma, such as a fall from a terrific height or an automobile collision. They are identified by a vertical break in the tibial plateau, which disturbs the joint surface and surrounding tissues. A schatzker type six fracture is a comple...

For an unusual spinal injury that frequently results in a traumatic fracture of the lumbar spine, surgical procedures, including spinal fixation and osteotomies, are commonly needed for the therapy of complicated spinal pathologies to regain stability and relieve pain. A 55-year-old man complained of lower back pain while lifting heavy objects at w...

The foot and the lower leg comprise the ankle joint complex. The foot is crucial for the maintenance of posture. Frequently, overuse or repeated microtrauma to the fascia causes plantar fasciitis. This review aims to suggest the efficacy of various plantar fasciitis (PF) interventions based on modifications in clinical results. This review included...

Low back pain is the most common chronic pain disease, affecting 70–80% of people at some time in their life, according to epidemiological research. LBP is described as discomfort in the region of the back of the body that stretches from the lower border of the 12th rib to the lower gluteal folds that lasts for at least one day. Back pain (BP) may...

Plantar fasciitis is generally described as an inflammation of the plantar fascia and adjacent tissues around calcaneus tuberosity. Plantar fasciitis onset has been proposed to have an internal mechanical cause, even though this is inadequately recognized. Studies related to alternation in lower-extremity biomechanics that leads to reduced domes of...

A frozen shoulder is a painful condition characterized by pain and stiffness. In frozen shoulder, the capsule of the joint gets inflamed, leading to pain that limits shoulder movement and thereby affects shoulder functions. There are three stages of frozen shoulder, and the symptoms differ according to the stage. Physiotherapy plays an important ro...

Kinesiophobia is defined as "an irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or re-injury" by those who coined the term. Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia (fear of movement and re-injury) magnify somatosensory perceptions, overstating this perception in terms of...

The ankle joint is a complex joint that bears the human body's weight throughout daily activities. Unimalleolar, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures are the three subgroups that make up the category of ankle fractures. Determining the risk-benefit tradeoffs between non-operative and surgical therapy still requires a thorough initial examination...

Background and objective Upper trapezius can cause neck pain, and restrict functional activities and cervical range of motion (ROM), and hence its management should be part of a global rehabilitation program. Owing to the heterogeneity of the existing trials, various techniques of manual physical therapy might be potent, though the scope of their e...

The genu valgum is one of the anomalies of the lower extremities in the coronal plane (knocked knees). Children might be vulnerable to it as well. It may also be hereditary, with females being more likely to develop it. A 14-year-old female patient had severe genu valgum anomalies of the bilateral lower extremities. The patient is in pain, unable t...

The granulomatous disease tuberculosis (TB) is brought on by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Skeletal TB is involved in 10-35% of extra-pulmonary reported cases worldwide, with the most common kind being tuberculous spondylitis (Pott's disease). Depending upon the extent of spinal engagement, the clinical presentation may include back pain...

The sacroiliac joint is frequently broken apart by high-energy trauma, which increases fatalities and complications from pelvic injuries. Ilium fractures are high-energy pelvic fractures that often progress from the iliac crest to the greater sciatic notch. Concomitant head injury exsanguinations and uncontrollable bleeding within the pelvis are co...

Avascular necrosis of the femur is an irreversible and painful disorder in which the epiphyseal bone suffers from ischemia necrosis owing to an interruption in blood flow to the femoral head, resulting in bone destruction. Later, it leads to osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Here, we present the case of a 35-year-old male who came with a complaint o...

Proximal tibia fractures are generally open fractures resulting in life-threatening complications. There is an increase in the prevalence of compartment syndrome post-tibial fractures. Though fasciotomy and wound debridement is the choice of treatment in such conditions, amputation becomes a necessity when there is widespread muscle and tissue dama...

Recurrent shoulder dislocation is often induced as a result of a traumatic situation that results in structural disease; however, a small subset of individuals suffer symptomatic recurrent shoulder instability without trauma. The glenohumeral articulation geometry offers a lot of flexibility at the sacrifice of inherent stability. The commonly disl...

The aim of this trial was to collate, analyze, and compare the effectiveness of phonophoresis and ultrasound adjunct to Otago exercise program for pain, knee range of motion, and functional disability in patients with grades I and II of knee osteoarthritis. This is a single-blind randomized control study. A total of 52 patients with pre-diagnosed o...

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant neurological deficits that adversely affect the quality of life of patients and caregivers. Patients with SCI present with the symptoms of weakness and loss of sensations in the limbs. Motor deficits may occur in the form of paraplegia, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia. Patients remain immobilized fo...

Femoral shaft fracture occurs through the diaphyseal region of the femur. The intertrochanteric (IT) fracture is an extracapsular fracture that occurs through the proximal metaphyseal area of the femur. The ipsilateral femoral shaft and IT fractures happen in rare cases following high-energy trauma. These fractures are difficult to manage due to th...

Tibial fractures occur following low-energy and high-energy trauma resulting from indirect and direct impacts, respectively. High-velocity trauma like road traffic accidents usually results in open fractures of the tibia associated with acute compartment syndrome, posing a serious threat. Thus, this injury requires prompt operative management with...

The purpose of this case study was to elucidate the significance of physiotherapy management in rehabilitating an individual with osteomyelitis. The patient was a 25-year-old male with complaints of purulent discharge from wounds above the knee. The physiotherapy intervention prescribed and noted here focuses on enhancing functional goals during th...

In clinical practice, cervical disc abnormalities such as herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and internal disc disturbance are seen. DDD includes degeneration causing annular tears, a decrease in disc height, and nuclear degradation. Cervical stenosis with myelopathy can be caused by anything that narrows the spinal...

Rickets is an ossification and mineralization disorder of the growth plate before skeletal maturity that is peculiar to children and adolescents. Most children are affected by this deficient disorder throughout their skeletal growth stage, characterized by deformed and soft bones, due to a failure to assimilate and utilize calcium and phosphorus pr...

A common clinical shoulder problem is frozen shoulder. The degree of shoulder joint movement must be measured as part of the rehabilitation procedure. These assessments can be used to assess the severity of a patient's disease, set rehabilitation goals, and determine the appropriate level of activity difficulty, as well as comprehend the rehabilita...

This short review focus on pre-prosthetic preparation and rehabilitation of patients who have limb amputation. The father of the prosthesis limb is Ambrosia Pare. He discovered the term prosthesis on 4 November 1846 the prosthesis limbs came from the mind of biomedical Engineering which are made up of Acrylic Resin, Carbon Fibre, Thermoplastic Sili...

Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese treatment for pain. Acupuncture is a 3000-year-oldtraditional therapy from China. Electroacupuncture is similar to traditional acupuncture in that it uses electrical stimulation. It works similarly to orthodox acupuncture in that it excites the same regions. As with conventional acupuncture, needles are inserted...

Cerebral palsy has traditionally been thought of as a mobility and gait issue caused by a non-progressive damage to the developing mind. While indicative usual symptoms may occur at an earlier age, the characteristics of this entity develop over time, and the particular cerebral palsy condition may not be recognized until the child is between the a...

Virtual reality is computer-generated technology for therapeutic uses and rapidly growing in popularity. This review focused on the outcomes of the study show that virtual reality as treatment approach is a safe and acceptable therapy providing participants with satisfaction and motivation to exercise. Therapists are using VR to help people rehabil...