Pranay Wal

• DOCTRATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE
• Profressor & Dean at PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Pharmacy

The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of drugs used in the coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify, which drug is mostly prescribed at that hospital. This was a prospective observational survey including case series analysis of patients with CAD who met the inclusion criteria. It was conducted in the cardiology unit...

Background When managing diabetes, polypharmacy the use of several drugs simul-taneously to obtain the best possible glucose control is typical. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which can result in side effects and reduced treatment efficacy, have increased. Objective This study evaluated the data mining approach of polypharmacy-based drug-drug in-t...

Background Noncommunicable chronic diseases account for the highest number of mortalities across the globe and are responsible as the greatest contributor to medical healthcare expenses. To create new medicines to fight these diseases, we need to fully understand the pathological mechanisms behind them in addition to the usual therapeutic targets....

Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a spectrum of brain illnesses that mostly affects the frontal and temporal lobes. These regions are commonly related to personality, behaviour, and communication. It is brought on by aberrant protein aggregates, genetics and mutation. FTD most frequently affect people between the ages of 45 and 65...

Introduction The presence of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression is common, and their complex connection poses difficulties in therapy and affects patient outcomes. Thus, this study aims to examine the complex correlation between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a specific focus on potential biomarkers and innovative t...

The therapeutic efficacy of various phytoconstituents is improved by the use of phytosome, innovative drug delivery methods based on phytochemicals, by enhancing their absorption, bioavailability, and therapeutic availability. This exceedingly complex type of herbal formulation contains the active phytoconstituent of the herbal extract and is joine...

Herbal medications provide universal benefits such as effectiveness, safety, cost, and acceptance. With increased interest in plant extract research, there is also increased concern about the activity of bioactive lumberjack climber plants indigenous to Sri Lanka and Indian submontane forests. It was recently determined that plants containing kotal...

Objective The usage of doxorubicin (DOX), an antineoplastic drug that is frequently used for the cure of cancer, is restricted to maximal doses due to its cardiac toxicity. Reactive oxygen species produced by DOX result in lipid peroxidation and organ failure, ultimately resulting in cardiomyopathy. Due to its high polyphenol content, virgin rice b...

Background: Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the ex...

In India, Ichnocarpous frutescens Linn R. Br. (I. frutescens) is a woody climbing shrub belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Tribes traditionally use it as a substitute for Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus) to treat conditions such as delirium, convulsions, atrophy, diarrhea, measles, splenomegaly, tuberculosis, tumours, and diabetes. It has...

Objective of the Study This review aims to critically analyze the scope for targeting drugs towards the treatment of improving outcomes in PDAC, focusing on DNA repair inhibitors, antiangiogenic therapy, inhibitors of the KRAS pathway, anti-stromal, and nanoparticle-based therapy. Materials and Methods A critical review of preclinical and clinical...

The discovery of novel counteractive pharmaceuticals, which have recently generated much interest, has played a significant role in the development of drugs derived from herbal medicines or botanical sources. Paederia foetida (P. foetida) is one such example of a role in both traditional and traditional medicine. Owing to its popularity in folk med...

Background Menopause refers to the natural process of the “cessation of the menstrual cycle.” This phase predominantly affects aged women and can lead to various symptoms such as hot flashes, insomnia, night sweats, and sexual dysfunction, among others. Unfortunately, many women remain unaware of this condition, and some even choose to overlook the...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women worldwide. It refers to a condition that often has 'poly' liquid containing sacks around ovaries. It affects reproductive-aged females, giving rise to menstrual and related reproductive issues. PCOS is marked by hormonal imbalance, often resulting in hyper...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with a wide range of potential applications due to their unique structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, numerous obstacles must be overcome for CNTs to be used successfully, including low solubility, aggregation, and a lack of specialized functions. Diverse...

Aim: To analyse in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract [50%v/v] of Wolffia globosa. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using a series of in-vitro assays, including DPPH inhibition, quantification of total flavonoids and phenols, and phytochemical screening via GC-MS analysis. Followin...

Introduction Hepatic cancer, an aggressive tumour that often develops along with cirrhosis and chronic liver disease like infections with the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, while nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is linked to metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. It is the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality globally and ran...

Objective This review aims to comprehensively analyse the fear of eating behaviour in individuals with diabetes, known as diabulimia or ED-DMT1. The emotional and psychological factors contributing to disordered eating behaviours, their impact on diabetes management, and potential consequences on physical health are explored. Various therapeutic in...

Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, significantly contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by progressive muscle mass and strength loss. This review summarizes the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced muscle atrophy, examines clinical evidence, and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies. A systematic search of elect...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline in the aging population, presenting a critical need for early diagnosis and effective prognostic tools. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as promising biomarkers for AD due to their roles in regulating gene ex...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fastest-growing fields in various industries, including engineering, architecture, medical and clinical research, aerospace, and others. AI, which is a combination of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and human intelligence (HI), is revolutionizing drug discovery and development by making it more...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor. The current treatment for GBM includes adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), radiation therapy, and surgical tumor excision. There is still an issue because 50% of patients with GBM who get TMZ have low survival rates due to TMZ resistance. The activation of several D...

Diabetic neuropathy is a persistent consequence of the biochemical condition known as diabetes mellitus. As of now, the identification and management of diabetic neuropathy continue to be problematic due to problems related to the safety and efficacy of existing therapies. This study examines biomarkers, molecular and cellular events associated wit...

Phytosterols are bioactive substances found naturally in the cell membranes of plants and have an arrangement of molecules similar to that of fat, which is produced by mammalian cells. They are widely distributed as dietary sources of lipids in plants, such as nuts, seeds, olive oil, and legumes. This review provides a summary of the efficacy of BS...

Bacoside A is a vital bioactive component of the Indian medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, which ranks second among the most significant medicinal plants. Bacoside A was discovered to have more pharmacological activity than bacoside B. It has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat mental problems and memory loss. It also possesses antioxidant, antid...

Background Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS). Objective This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related t...

Females of reproductive age can develop endometriosis, an inflammatory gynecological illness that is hormone-dependent. The variable lesions that make up the functional endometrium outside of the uterus cavity are what set this disorder apart in terms of its clinical and pathological aspects. Around 10% of women in their reproductive years have end...

Cervical cancer is one of the four most common cancers that affect women worldwide, along with breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancer. It is a major public health concern that mostly affects women. Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Patients must be screened and immunized to prevent th...

Phytosterols are bioactive substances that are found spontaneously in the cell membranes of plants and have an atomic composition similar to cholesterol produced by vertebrate cells. They are widely distributed in dietary lipids from plants such as nuts, seeds, and beans with olive oil. β-sitosterol has a variation of pharmacological belongings, wi...

Background Inflammatory, immune, and neurodegenerative diseases constitute a category of persistent and debilitating conditions affecting millions worldwide, with inter-twined pathophysiological pathways. Recent research has spotlighted naturally occurring compounds like naringenin for potential therapeutic applications across multiple ailments. O...

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation, affects up to 50% of individuals with diabetes. Objective: In this article, potential mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets will be discussed, as well as their interventional therapi...

Background Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects around 0.5% of the population. Limitations in movement may result from joint damage, which causes inflammation of the joint linings and the gradual deterioration of bone and cartilage. Objective This article gives a summary of the current understanding of the potential ph...

Spirulina, a polyphyletic group of algae, is known for its economically significant products and is widely used as a dietary supplement. It is rich in essential elements and compounds, including proteins, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable nutritional resource. Spirulina platensis , in particular, has been extensively studie...

The RAF (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) kinases play critical roles in a variety of different cellular processes, including the advancement of the cell cycle, the proliferation of cells, the metabolism of cells, cell migration, and the differentiation of cells. RAF kinase was thus established as an important target for the management of cancer d...

Background The words "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical" are combined to form the phrase "nutraceutical." Nutraceuticals are foods or dietary components that have an important role in regulating and sustaining normal physiological function in humans. For the treatment of dysmenorrhoea, a variety of pharmacological medications are available, however, t...

The signal transduction and cell proliferation are regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor. The proliferation of tumor cells, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis is inhibited by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, and bladder cancer can be treated by targeting t...

Inflammation is an individual's physiological response to a sequence of physical, chemical, or infectious stressors acting mainly to provide localized protection. Although inflammation is a protective and thus beneficial process, its excess or prolonged action can be harmful to the body. An increasing number of the population worldwide are changing...

Background Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive formation of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, and impaired antioxidant systems. Early detection and intervention are vital for managing AD effectively. Objective This review scrutinizes both in-viv...

Background: The increasing specialization and dispersion of healthcare systems have led to a shortage of resources to address comorbidities. Patients with coexisting mental and physical conditions are disadvantaged, as medical providers often only focus on the patient's mental illness while neglecting their physical needs, resulting in poorer heal...

Depression is among the main causes of disability, and its protracted manifestations could make it even harder to treat metabolic diseases. Obesity is linked to episodes of depression, which is closely correlated to abdominal adiposity and impaired food quality. The present review is aimed at studying possible links between obesity and depression a...

Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson’s, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therape...

Background Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant global health burden, necessitating diverse approaches for effective management. Herbal interventions have gained attention as potential adjuncts or alternatives to conventional therapies due to their perceived safety and therapeutic potential. This structured abstract provides a comprehens...

Background Gingivitis, commonly known as gum disease, refers to several types of inflammatory diseases that impact the connective tissues that surround the teeth. Gingivitis causes swelling, redness, and bleeding of the gums in its early stages. Objective This article aims to describe the standard gingivitis medication. It emphasizes recent advanc...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent solid tumor in pediatric cases, contributing to around 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. The wide-ranging genetic, morphological, and clinical diversity within NB complicates the success of current treatment methods. Acquiring an in-depth understanding of genetic alterations implicated in the developmen...

Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that have gained significant attention in the realm of drug delivery and therapeutic applications. They offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery systems, including: -Protection of drugs from degradation and clearance -Enhanced bioavailability - Reduced systemic toxicity - Pr...

Introduction: Pharmacokinetic parameters assessment is a critical aspect of drug discovery and development, yet challenges persist due to limited training data. Despite advancements in machine learning and in-silico predictions, scarcity of data hampers accurate prediction of drug candidates' pharmacokinetic properties. Areas covered: The study...

Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of anatomically or physiologically relevant neural systems. Atypical mitochondrial morphology and metabolic malfunction are found in many neurodegenerative disorders. Alteration in mitochondrial function can occur as a result of aberrant mitochondrial DNA, altered nuclear enzymes...

Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inter...

Background The pumpkin, a very well-edible plant that is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has long been utilised as a functional food and an herbal remedy. Pumpkins include a wealth of phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E in their seeds that may have medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. In recent years, knowledge of...

Introduction: Natural products offer diverse therapeutic effects in chronic disorders, of which cancer is a major one. Natural products act as modulators of the receptor pathway, thus being protective and reducing the impact of many coexisting medical problems. The present review evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of natural products in the context...

Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) are the primary cause of death worldwide. Multiple factors have been accepted to cause cardiovascular diseases; among them, smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits, age, and family history are flag-bearers. Individuals at risk of developing CVD are suggested to make drastic habitual changes as the primar...

Background Uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, which originate from lung tissue often lead to lung carcinoma and are more likely due to smoking as well as inhaled environmental toxins. It is widely recognized that tumour cells evade the ability of natural programmed death (apoptosis) and facilitates tumour progression and metastasis. Theref...

Background Diabetes neuropathy is a frequent ailment that has a substantial impact on patients by increasing the risk of falls and causing discomfort. The lower extremities are where diabetic neuropathy patients first feel pain. This discomfort could seem like a pinprick, an electric shock, or something else. Objective Here, we give a comprehensiv...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease. It basically impairs the structural integrity of articulate cartilage and imbalances the catabolic and anabolic signals in the joint. A degenerative disease is characterized by swelling, pain, and joint stiffness. The treatment and management of osteoarthritis are based on analgesic a...

Background A detailed study on vitamin D status in India has revealed a significant frequency of vitamin D insufficiency among people. People's hectic schedules cause various deficits in their bodies since they are not exposed to enough sunshine, which results in inadequate vitamin D intake over time, diminished sunshine exposure, the kidney's fail...

Background The majority of foods, vegetation, plankton, and photosynthetic bacteria all include carotenoids, which are pigments that naturally exist. Since humans are unable to produce carotenoids, they must be consumed through food or supplements. There are many roles for carotenoids in ensuring human health. They generally act as antioxidants, bu...

Background Nicotine addiction is a major risk for the population all over the world. Many gastrointestinal diseases are caused due to nicotine addiction, like peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, and gastrointestinal cancer. Nicotine causes variations in the offensive and defensive factors, which are involved in gastrointestinal mechanisms....

Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Act...

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, also known as Rudraksha, is a member of the Elaeocarpaceae family and has a long history of antidepressant and antibacterial benefits against various illnesses. Elaeocarpus ganitrus has been used in Unani and Ayurveda medicine as an antidepressant, an antibiotic, and as an external treatment for mental disease, epilepsy, liver...

Background: The Aloe Vera plant has been used in India for several decades for the treatment of periodontal disease. The plant has been considered to have antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties, but it is still used for the treatment of periodontitis inflammation. Objective: The study's goal was to assess the function of Aloe vera in the tr...

Background One of the largest problems for global public health is diabetes mellitus (DM) and its micro and macrovascular consequences. Although prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have generally improved, its incidence is predicted to keep rising over the coming years. Due to the intricacy of the molecular mechanisms, which include inflammation,...

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently referred to as a "lifestyle illness". In 2000, India (31.7 million) had the greatest global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, followed by China (20.8 million), the United States (17.7 million), and other countries. In recent years, the treatment of gene therapy (T2DM) has attracted intensive i...

Purpose: Both aging and neurodegenerative illnesses are thought to be influenced by mitochondrial malfunction and free radical formation. Deformities of the energy metabolism, mitochondrial genome polymorphisms, nuclear DNA genetic abnormalities associated with mitochondria, modifications of mitochondrial fusion or fission, variations in shape and...

Background The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. Objective This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulm...

Background Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent anarchic ailment with complicated pathophysiology a well-known cause of arthritis-related stinging apropos nexus, degradation of synovium, the creation of pannus, damage to bones, and loss of the cartilage. Thus, it is imperative to dia...

A disorder names "Osteoporosis" takes place due to variation's or disproportions in the activity of osteoblasts that is the bone forming cells. The aim of the study is to perform the histopathological analysis of drug Raloxifene using Bone biomarkers and bone regulators as they help to easily asses the osteoporosis in female mice through the evalua...

Nowadays, numerous diseases are benefitted from phytosomal therapy. However, poor selectivity and bioavailability may be limiting factors of their therapeutic applicability. The distribution of hydrophobic phytochemicals has been proposed as a potential use for nanovesicles. Phytosomes are more stable, according to a recent assessment of the litera...

A nascent category of anticancer therapeutic drugs called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) relate selectivity of aimed therapy using chemotherapeutic medicines with high cytotoxic power. Progressive linker technology led to the advancement of more efficacious and safer treatments. It offers neoteric as well as encouraging therapeutic strategies for...

Background A relatively untapped origin of drugs is medicinal plants. Traditional medicine employs Urtica dioica L. to treat a variety of ailments. A plant that produces fresh leaves that are dehydrated and used as a powder or in various forms is gaining popularity as a recent source of very nutritious food. Objective This review attempts to addre...

In the past few years, there have been tremendous breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical and drug delivery fields, with the emergence of novel technologies aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance. Fiber-based drug delivery systems have attracted the most attention of these because of their adaptability, simplicity of manufacture,...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition that is becoming more common and is characterised by sustained hyperglycaemia and long-term health effects. Diabetes-related wounds often heal slowly and are more susceptible to infection because of hyperglycaemia in the wound beds. The diabetic lesion becomes harder to heal after planktonic bacterial cells...

BACKGROUND The comprehension of the molecular, cellular, and biological mechanisms that underlie the management of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as the effects of circadian disruption on health and illness, has made significant strides. METHOD An extensive literature review was done from the standard databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, and PubMed...

Background One of the most popular beekeeping products is propolis. The word "propolis," which alludes to a beehive, has Greek sources and implies "defense for the community." Propolis is a resinous material that honey worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) and other bee species make for a variety of uses. Since 300 BC, propolis has been used as a traditi...

Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune skin condition with a significant genetic component. It causes skin inflammation and is characterized by flaky, silvery reddish spots that can worsen with age. This condition results from an impaired immunological response of T-cells and affects 2-5% of the global population. The severity of the illness determines...

Biotin, a vitamin that is water-soluble, is part of the vitamin B complex and is required by all living things, including humans. Biotin-dependent carboxylases are a prosthetic group of enzymes, and biotin catalyzes essential processes in the production of fatty acids, the breakdown of amino acids, and gluconeogenesis in eukaryotic cells. The role...

Ocimum sanctum Linn., also referred to as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a Southeast Asian Ayurvedic plant with a long history of conventional use. The significance of this plant for use in food, medicine, and industry prompted researchers to examine its chemistry and pharmacology. Over 60 chemical substances, including phenolics, flavonoids, phenyl propa...

Background: Nowadays, the majority of the population suffers from the problem of hair loss. It leads to disturbed mental health, lower self-confidence, and a lot more problems. A lot of the hair loss therapies available are not reliable and lead to recurrence and side effects after some time. Cannabinoids (CBD) have recently become quite popular f...

Background In recent times, herbal medicines have experienced an expansion in both developing and developed countries due to their natural origin and low incidence of adverse effects. A systematic review was performed to gather information regarding herbal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus. Objective The aim of this article was to review evid...