Pranay Wal

Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology | psit · Department of Pharmacy

The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of drugs used in the coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify, which drug is mostly prescribed at that hospital. This was a prospective observational survey including case series analysis of patients with CAD who met the inclusion criteria. It was conducted in the cardiology unit...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women worldwide. It refers to a condition that often has 'poly' liquid containing sacks around ovaries. It affects reproductive-aged females, giving rise to menstrual and related reproductive issues. PCOS is marked by hormonal imbalance, often resulting in hyper...

Background: The Aloe Vera plant has been used in India for several decades for the treatment of periodontal disease. The plant has been considered to have antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties, but it is still used for the treatment of periodontitis inflammation. Objective: The study's goal was to assess the function of Aloe vera in the tr...

Background One of the largest problems for global public health is diabetes mellitus (DM) and its micro and macrovascular consequences. Although prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have generally improved, its incidence is predicted to keep rising over the coming years. Due to the intricacy of the molecular mechanisms, which include inflammation,...

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently referred to as a "lifestyle illness". In 2000, India (31.7 million) had the greatest global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, followed by China (20.8 million), the United States (17.7 million), and other countries. In recent years, the treatment of gene therapy (T2DM) has attracted intensive i...

Purpose: Both aging and neurodegenerative illnesses are thought to be influenced by mitochondrial malfunction and free radical formation. Deformities of the energy metabolism, mitochondrial genome polymorphisms, nuclear DNA genetic abnormalities associated with mitochondria, modifications of mitochondrial fusion or fission, variations in shape and...

Background The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. Objective This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulm...

Background Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent anarchic ailment with complicated pathophysiology a well-known cause of arthritis-related stinging apropos nexus, degradation of synovium, the creation of pannus, damage to bones, and loss of the cartilage. Thus, it is imperative to dia...

Nowadays, numerous diseases are benefitted from phytosomal therapy. However, poor selectivity and bioavailability may be limiting factors of their therapeutic applicability. The distribution of hydrophobic phytochemicals has been proposed as a potential use for nanovesicles. Phytosomes are more stable, according to a recent assessment of the litera...

Background Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS). Objective This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related t...

Background A relatively untapped origin of drugs is medicinal plants. Traditional medicine employs Urtica dioica L. to treat a variety of ailments. A plant that produces fresh leaves that are dehydrated and used as a powder or in various forms is gaining popularity as a recent source of very nutritious food. Objective This review attempts to addre...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition that is becoming more common and is characterised by sustained hyperglycaemia and long-term health effects. Diabetes-related wounds often heal slowly and are more susceptible to infection because of hyperglycaemia in the wound beds. The diabetic lesion becomes harder to heal after planktonic bacterial cells...

BACKGROUND The comprehension of the molecular, cellular, and biological mechanisms that underlie the management of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as the effects of circadian disruption on health and illness, has made significant strides. METHOD An extensive literature review was done from the standard databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, and PubMed...

Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune skin condition with a significant genetic component. It causes skin inflammation and is characterized by flaky, silvery reddish spots that can worsen with age. This condition results from an impaired immunological response of T-cells and affects 2-5% of the global population. The severity of the illness determines...

Biotin, a vitamin that is water-soluble, is part of the vitamin B complex and is required by all living things, including humans. Biotin-dependent carboxylases are a prosthetic group of enzymes, and biotin catalyzes essential processes in the production of fatty acids, the breakdown of amino acids, and gluconeogenesis in eukaryotic cells. The role...

Ocimum sanctum Linn., also referred to as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a Southeast Asian Ayurvedic plant with a long history of conventional use. The significance of this plant for use in food, medicine, and industry prompted researchers to examine its chemistry and pharmacology. Over 60 chemical substances, including phenolics, flavonoids, phenyl propa...

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complicated, gradually progressive neurological illness characterized by locomotor and non-motor symptomatology that impedes daily activities. Despite significant advances in symptomatic therapies with various extents of negative effects, there are currently no disease-modifying medicinal alternatives. Symptoms...

Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable is-chemic syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stre...

Background: The existence of aberrant myocardial activity and function in the exclusion of those other cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and severe valve disease, is known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes patients are much more prone to death from cardiovascular illnesses than from any other cause, and they also have...

Background: The pumpkin, a very well-edible plant that is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has long been utilised as a functional food and an herbal remedy. Pumpkins include a wealth of phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E in their seeds that may have medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. In recent years, knowledge o...

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by a variety of motor, cognitive, and psychomotor dysfunctions. The current pharmaceutical treatment focuses on treating the condition's symptoms. They are primarily concerned with reducing illness symptoms or avoiding dopamine metabolism. As our understanding of disease pa...

Background Parkinson's disease is a complicated, gradually progressive neurological illness characterized by locomotor and non-motor symptomatology that impedes daily activities. Despite significant advances in symptomatic therapies with various extents of negative effects, there are currently no disease-modifying medicinal alternatives. Symptoms w...

Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable ischemic syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stres...

Background: The existence of aberrant myocardial activity and function in the exclusion of those other cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and severe valve disease, is known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes patients are much more prone to death from cardiovascular illnesses than from any other cause, and they also hav...

Background Natural products have a crucial role in the discovery and development of drug molecules. The secondary metabolites derived from the plant have potential therapeutic value and reveal many pharmacological effects. Crotalaria burhia Buchham, a Leguminaceae herb, is mostly present in arid parts of India, Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan. Shi...

Background: Smallpox-like symptoms are seen in the viral zoonotic illness known as monkeypox. In the current outbreaks being reported, the World Health Organization (WHO) claims that this is the first instance of chains of transmission being documented in Europe without known epidemiological connections to West or Central Africa. On August 7, 2022,...

Background Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent complaint among women nowadays. Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful disorder that occurs during the menstrual cycle. It is described as unpleasant menstrual cramps or period discomfort that occurs without the presence of any pelvic illness. Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common causes of absence...

Earth is a heritage of plants with an abundance of species, many of which are knownamongus, but many of them are still unknown for us. There are many traditional plants whichhavebeen used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, and Nagkesar (Mesua ferrea Linn) isone of them, which is grown in many countries like India, Indochina, Nepal, Thailan...

Phytosomes stand sophisticated herbal preparations that contain the phytoactive ingredients found in extracted from herbs and have the ability towards change the cell membrane's hydrophilic to lipophilic state. They may be produced as pills, creams, gels, suspensions, and other medicinal forms. Many illnesses now have a fantastic treatment alternat...

Background The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is now being connected to medical equipment to make patients more comfortable, offer better and more affordable health care options, and make it easier for people to get good care in the comfort of their own homes. Objective The primary purpose of this study is to highlight the architecture and use...

Background The loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as other mostly catecholaminergic neurons, causes many of the motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is commonly thought of as a movement disorder, the significant prevalence of psychiatric complications such as cognitive impairment, and psychosis...

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes stomach pain in children and adolescents. It may also impact one's quality of life. IBS is linked to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhoea and constipation. Despite the identification of several potential pathophysiological pathways, the aetiology of IBS remained unknown. Obje...

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes stomach pain in children and adolescents. It may also impact one's quality of life. IBS is linked to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhoea and constipation. Despite the identification of several potential pathophysi-ological pathways, the aetiology of IBS remained unknown. Obj...

Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome, also known as IBS, is a chronic and severe functional gastrointestinal disease that is characterized by a variety of symptoms that have a major negative impact on patients' quality of life. It affects nine percent to twenty-three percent of the total population of the world. At this time, there is no medication th...

There are several learning goals in this book's writing. The student should be able to understand the fundamental ideas of Physical Pharmaceutics-I after reading this book, including how to handle chemical, determine physical properties, grasp the function of each process, and lastly analyses physical properties. The primary audience for this text...

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Objective: Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal potential of Phytoconstituents present in leaf extracts of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) plant. Methods: The antimicrobial effects of leaves of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) were evaluated using both ethanol and aqueous extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ca...

Mushrooms are an important aspect of the human diet, and their popularity has increased over the years. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) are the most commonly consumed mushrooms by the rural dwellers in South Western Nigeria, perhaps, based on their nutritive value and health-enhancing benefits. Pleurotus is a genus of about 40 mushroom species p...

Skincare, anti-aging, alluring products, and solar protection products are constant requests in the developing market. Most of the results of solar ultraviolet radiation on the epidermis are negative, and photoprotection techniques should be used to reduce them. Sunscreens shield the human epidermis from Ultraviolet illness by containing UV filters...

Background COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. For people with COVID-19 infection as well as for healthy individuals, blood glucose control is essential. Nowadays, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients. Objectives We examined the data on the link between diabetes and COVID-19, the pathogenesis of...

Stress disorders are the most frequent type of mental disease. They are less noticeable than depression and schizophrenia, yet they are just incapacitating. This article presents a descriptive analysis of anxiety disorders, their types, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and it also unfolds the mode of action of drugs, herbal agents, therap...

Male infertility is responsible for an estimated 50% of all cases of infertility. Treatments for male infertility include surgery, in-vitro fertilization, hormone therapy, and herbal remedies. Assisted reproductive technologies and methods have made it possible to identify and treat previously untreatable causes of male infertility. Currently avail...

Background Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological ailment. It is also known that it affects practically all other brain components, although only gradually. Animal models are mostly used to test the efficacy of treatment against a specific enzyme and to aid in the creation of a new drug dose. Objective The purpose of this revie...

Background The global distribution of IBS is surprisingly uniform, affecting men and women of all ages. Its deep-rooted character, symptoms that fluctuate from moderate to extreme, have several detrimental effects on the sufferer's standard of living; consequently, proper treatment of these patients is necessary. The etiology of IBS is unknown. Alt...

animal model for IBS

Textbook of Pathophysiology (As per PCI): An Essential Guide for Pharmacy and other Paramedical Courses is the first edition of the book. The etiopathogenesis of diseases and disorders is emphasized. The author's goal in writing this book was to meet the demands of pharmacy college lecturers and students. Not just pharmacy students, but also medica...

Background Herbal drugs can be used more appropriately, with increased efficacy by using them in modern dosage forms. This can be established with the aid of novel drug delivery systems for herbal ingredients. The present review emphasizes the development of novel herbal formulations and their type of active constituents, along with applications of...

Gum is a plant-based substance that, when combined with water, creates a thick, sticky solution or gel. Chemically, they are polysaccharides. Some of their characteristics, including plentiful abundance, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and low price, make them more useful in the commercial food and pharmaceutical industries than synthetic polymers....

Background Dermatomycosis, a type of fungal infection that can infect human skin, hair, and nails; day by day the growth of fungal infections ranging from superficial to systemic infection is alarming. Common causative agents included are Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis species. Objective The effective treatment of the fungal...

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that may cause illness in humans as well as animals. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about more than (13,378,853) confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, detected all over the world till 16th July 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) decla...

Background Berries family and flaxseed have been used in ethnomedicinal practice for the treatment of various disorders and different ailments. Despite its beneficial uses, no studies on its polyherbal formulated gel combination toxicity potential have been reported. The present research study was designed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity (14 da...

Hypertension is a major global health challenge due to its prevalence and increased risk of cardiovascular disorder. Non-pharmacological intervention or lifestyle modification is a safer option to control blood pressure and shows effective results in regulating high blood pressure. In this review, we have described the pathophysiology of a hyperten...

In the current scenario, dysmenorrhea is a very frequent gynecological condition among women. At least one in every four women suffers from severe abdominal cramps, which are referred to as dysmenorrhea or menstrual cramps. Hence, in this review we compile the data from several reviews and research papers about dysmenorrhea, its pathogenesis, along...

Background Diabetes mellitus is a disease and endocrine disorder and it's a growing health problem in various countries. The prevalence of diabetes rises worldwide including South Africa 5.4% in 2025 increases as expected. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the diabetes mellitus problem in adults 173 million in developing counties. In th...

Background Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was earlier intended to treat only patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but researchers have found DBT to treat several psychological disorders, including depression. Aim The article aims to review the clinical shreds of evidence rega...

Arthritis is a chronic immobilizing, skeletal and muscular disorder having quite similar symptoms as that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which currently there is no medicine available for permanent cure. All modern drugs provide symptomatic temporary relief, but produce severe side effects. Pentas lanceolata having some ethnomedicinal record to t...

Peptic ulcer disease, which includes both stomach and duodenal ulcers, accounts for a significant portion of people seeking surgical advice around the world. A peptic ulcer is a lesion that develops on the stomach or duodenal lining. "Gastric ulcers" and "duodenal ulcers" are the two most prevalent peptic ulcer kinds. Peptic ulcers are caused by an...

Background In today's global world, most women are experiencing midlife health problems which can affect their lives and mental status. Most of the diseases occurr after childbirth and during pregnancy or gestation period which can lead to severe problems such as postpartum depression (PPD), postmenopausal depression, perimenopausal depression whic...

Background: In today's global world, most women are experiencing midlife health problems which can affect their lives and mental status. Most of the diseases occurr after childbirth and during pregnancy or gestation period which can lead to severe problems such as postpartum depression (PPD), postmenopausal depression, perimenopausal depression whi...

Background: The review gives a brief about PCOS and the symptoms related to the disease. Around 2.2 to 26% of cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive age group of women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have a positive effect on...

Study Objective: Hypertension or raised blood pressure leads to the occurrence of morbidity and mortality rate among peoples and it was considered as the primary factor for the occurrence of various cardiac and vascular disorders include ischemic cardiac disease, myocardial necrosis, cardiac failure, renal disorder, atherosclerosis, and cerebrovasc...

Background Due to the prevailing coronavirus crisis, the use of sanitizers has become an urgent need of today to take preventive care as we step out for various reasons. Many brands and varieties of sanitizers are available in the market today. Objective The present study has been undertaken to develop and analyse the effects of an Ayurvedic prepa...

Background Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported having hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica g...

Background:Background: Tanning nowadays due to pollution, stress, UV rays, and life style has become a major skin care problem. Synthesis of a poly-herbal anti-tan formulation has been performed in this work and it is evaluated on various parameters. Objective: The present work is aimed at the synthesis of herb based anti-tan medicine and the eval...

Critically challenging tasks for the researchers are isolating and extracting chief active medicinal phytoconstituents from existing herbal plants. The intricate extraction process usually involves active plant and animal portions separated by selective solvents through various standard procedures. Therefore, most of the products contained the comp...

Mother nature cure is the trademark sort of recovering treatment to fix diverse medical issues. Headache is started by hack, wheezing, stressing, fever, or rest; there are uncommon signs on appraisal and neurological or visual side effects. Headache is a constant indication in everybody and is a famous issue in youth and pubescence, all things cons...