Pranay Tanwar

• Doctor of Medicine
• Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi

Introduction: Cancer of the ovary is one of the most lethal malignancies among women worldwide. This is due to the unavailability of any suitable biomarker for diagnosis or screening. Presently, the serum level of CA125 is the established biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of Ovarian Cancer (OC). But CA125 is also raised in differen...

Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype, accounting for nearly one third of all breast cancers in India. The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved the pathological response and event free survival in patients wit...

Background: Anal cancer is an uncommon cancer in the general population, with an average worldwide incidence of 1.9 per 100,000 men and women per year from 2017 to 2021. We conducted an observational study on HIV-infected males who attended the ART clinic at AIIMS New Delhi to study the prevalence of anal cytopathological abnormalities as well as a...

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is one of the common biliary tract malignancies that is often associated with late presentation of clinical symptoms resulting in poor prognosis, thereby considerably increasing the mortality rate. Geographic and ethnic variations are one of the major causes of GBC incidence. However, in addition to genetic susceptibility...

Persistent infection with human papillomavirus has been implicated in the etiology of cervical cancer and sustained expression of its E7 oncoprotein has been rendered suggestive of malignant transformation. However, there are limited E7 protein-based detection assays. This might be due to paucity of data on steady-state expression level of E7 prote...

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is not well understood because of its enormous biological heterogeneity and unreliable progression. We conducted this retrospective analysis to examine the variables predicting early and late progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) for better management of this disease. Methods This single institutional retr...

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. This study aims to elucidate genetic and transcriptomic alterations in AML through whole exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome analysis, linking these findings with regulatory networks in hematopoiesis and immunology. Methods: We...

Background Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers affecting females worldwide. Several new effective therapeutic strategies are being developed to minimize the number of breast cancer-related deaths and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, resistance to conventional therapies in breast cancer patie...

The progression of gallbladder inflammatory lesions to invasive cancer remains poorly understood, necessitating research on biomarkers involved in this transition. This study aims to identify and validate proteins associated with this progression, offering insights into potential diagnostic biomarkers for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Label-free liquid...

Background Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy noted for its aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis, which is mostly caused by delayed detection. However, the scarcity of information regarding somatic mutations in Indian patients with GBC has hampered the development of efficient therapeutic options. In the pr...

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequen...

PURPOSE This pilot study is aimed to analyze a novel strategy of cervical cancer screening by training of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers via telemedicine to counsel women for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a pilot, community-based, prospective, single-arm study. Physicians trained the ASHA...

Introduction The treatment approach for recently diagnosed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations primarily relies on confirming the tissue diagnosis as non-squamous NSCLC. This routine clinical practice of tissue diagnosis imposes several barriers and delays in turnaround time (TAT) for biomarker testing, significantly del...

During the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the discovery and development of targeted inhibitors aimed at improving the survival rates of cancer patients. Among the multitude of potential therapeutic targets identified thus far, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are of particular importance. Dysregulation of RTKs has been imp...

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML) represents a heterogeneous group having diverse genetic mutations. Understanding the significance of each of these mutations is necessary. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic role of MN1 expression in adult CN-AML patients. Method: One hundred and sixty-three de-novo a...

Background: Measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD) is considered the single most powerful high-risk factor in acute leukemia, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we evaluated the impact of flow cytometry (FC)-based detection of MRD on survival outcomes in pediatrics, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) with T-AL...

e13047 Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have been found to improve survival outcomes in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and are FDA-approved in this setting after progression on hormonal therapy. However, real-world data from India on the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations is scarce. Methods: This...

Introduction/Background Most high-grade ovarian carcinomas (HGOCs) are sensitive to carboplatin (CBP)-based chemotherapy but frequently recur within 24 months. CT45 genes show oncogenic function. Coscia et al. (2018) studied CT45 as a significant marker of a positive response to chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to establish the relevance of C...

ABSTRACTS Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the quiet prevalent and aggressive biliary tract malignant neoplasms distinguished by significant cellular heterogeneity, metastatic activity, and a poor prognosis, with varied frequency worldwide. Most cases are detected incidentally while routine screening imaging or pathological investigation of chole...

Introduction: Immunostaining criteria for p16 positivity in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma have been laid down by College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The staining should be of moderate to strong intensity seen in 70 percent of the tumor cells. Recent studies have pointed out that a sm...

Introduction This is a novel, pilot study aimed to analyse training of ASHAs by telemedicine for counselling women for cervical cancer screening by HPV Self-Sampling. Methods This study is a pilot, community-based, prospective, single-arm study. Physicians trained the ASHA workers over telephone using videos, e-pamphlets and video conferencing reg...

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequen...

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with very high incidence and relatively high mortality in women. The PIK3CA gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of breast cancer. Despite this, the mutational status of all exons except exons 9 and 20 still remains unknown. Methods This study uses the whole exome sequencing (WE...

Background- Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with very high incidence and relatively high mortality in women. The PIK3CA gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of breast cancer. Despite these, the mutational status of all exons except exons 9 and 20 still remains unknown. Methods- This study uses the whole exome sequencing (...

Various clinico-pathological factors play role in the papilloma proliferation and pathogenesis of Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). However, it is not known if they are directly responsible for malignant transformation of these papillomas or not. We did this study to elucidate any such association. The most recent debrided tissue of RRP i...

Background: Cancer remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) plays an indispensable role in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. The role of NF-κB is not only limited to tumor cell proliferation and suppression of apoptotic genes but it also induces EMT transition responsible for metastasis. I...

BACKGROUND - Occasional coexistence of Juvenile Angiofibroma (JA) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) has been previously noted, and emerging understanding of molecular mechanisms in JA indicates similarities with FAP by involvement of beta-catenin/Wnt pathway. Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (CHRPE) is the earliest extr...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain the most distressing event in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine containing regimen in preventing CINV in children on HEC and MEC. We searched Pu...

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease, which progresses from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Early detection and laboratory-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma are still major challenges. This study was undertaken to determine w...

Background The World Health Organization’s call for elimination of cervical cancer envisages 70% screening coverage of women aged 35 and 45 years by an effective test. In India, this target seems unrealistic as awareness and access to cancer prevention services are poor. However, the institutional delivery rate is now >80%. We evaluated the accepta...

The sinonasal tract is considered a second hotspot for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tumors in the head and neck, with HPV being identified in up to 62% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 38% of papillomas. There is limited data from geographical regions with low prevalence of high-risk (HR)-HPV on the association of HR-HPV in sinonasal ne...

Overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) resulting from its genomic rearrangement is the most frequent genetic alteration found in Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a high-risk leukemia. Detection of CRLF2 expression by multiparameter flow cytometry has been proposed as a screening...

Late detection and lack of precision diagnostics are the major challenges in cancer prevention and management. Biomarker discovery in specific cancers, especially at the pre-invasive stage, is vital for early diagnosis, positive treatment response, and good disease prognosis. Traditional diagnostic measures require invasive procedures such as tissu...

Unlabelled: Germ cell tumour (GCT) is the most common testicular tumour that commonly presents as a painless mass. Bone marrow metastasis in cases of testicular GCT is rare; only few case reports are available till date in the literature. Here an adult male presented with an intra-abdominal mass in right iliac fossa with inguinal lymphadenopathy w...

Background Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that predominantly affects young individuals, including children and adolescents. The disease progresses through heterogeneous genetic alterations, and patients often develop pulmonary metastases even after the primary tumors have been surgically removed. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) regulate...

The present magnetic nanoparticle coupled quantum dots immuno-nano-fluorescence assay provides a rapid assay, antibodies and a kit thereof for early detection of cervical cancer. The assay of the present invention is a visual to naked eye assay and cost-effective assay for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated cervical ca...

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML) is the largest group of AML patients with very heterogenous patient outcomes. The revised World Health Organization classification of the hematolymphoid tumours, 2022, has incorporated AML with Nucleophosphmin1 (NPM1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (CEBPA) mutations as...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and challenging hematological malignancy with suboptimal outcomes. The implications of advanced technologies in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced the understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive study...

Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (H...

Chronic inflammation in the gallbladder leading to persistent epithelium damage promotes invasive cancer. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of PDL1 and CA19-9 markers in cancer/inflammatory lesions of the gallbladder. A total of 29 cases (19 cancer and 10 inflammatory) were included. The PDL1 protein concentration level and mRNA expres...

Background: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm distinguished by extensive clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). PCL is divided into two subtypes: primary (pPCL) originates de novo without preceding multiple myeloma, while secondary (sPCL) comprises a leukemic modif...

Introduction : Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common health problem worldwide among women. Currently available biomarkers CA125, CA199, and CEA for diagnosis or prognostic evaluation of UCC have not got widespread acceptance. Method : Whole blood samples of 64 patients with UCC were collected along with 63 healthy females and tes...

Background: Screen positive women need to be triaged by colposcopy which is a major challenge in low-middle income countries. Portable colposcopes may overcome many challenges, reduce referrals and enable a single visit approach. This study assessed the performance of portable colposcopes and potential to reduce referral. Method: This crossover...

Background and aims: The objectives of this study were to investigate the cyto-molecular profile and survival of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from October 2018 to December 2020. Karyotype and cytogenetics analyses were done to identify chromosomal aberrations...

Background- Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. It is a complex, heterogeneous disease in which several lifestyle-related and genetic factors are implicated in its pathogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a complex signaling pathway that plays...

Background: The transplacental route of vertical transmission of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has been known for over a decade. Here we present evidence that suggests HBV can replicate in the placenta. Methods: Forty-one HBsAg positive and 10 control pregnant women were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. HBV positives were furth...

Introduction/Background WT1 gene and its encoded protein are highly expressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors such as cancer of breast, lung, pancreas, ovary and prostate (1). WT1-expression is examined by IHC or qPCR, while WT1- ELISA kit is also available. We compared serum level of WT1 (sWT1) with its expression in ovarian cancer...

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma seen in immunocompromised individuals. It has a diffuse growth pattern, with no standard therapy and a poor survival rate. Due to overlap in presenting features with lymphoma and myeloma, PBL is often a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case o...

Context: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematologic malignancy distinguished by the accumulation of abnormally differentiated and uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow induced due to diverse genetic alterations with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) is a transcription...

The global cancer cases and mortality rates are increasing and demand efficient biomarkers for accurate screening, detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that variations in epigenetic mechanisms like aberrant promoter methylation, altered histone modification and mutations in ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling comple...

Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited for its enormous therapeutic and diagnostic potential in the management of multiple disorders. It employs nanomate-rials as drug carriers with enhanced efficacy and limited side effects on normal tissues. A lot of nanomaterials have been studied and produced, imminently reforming the treatment and diagn...

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The phenotype is characterized by delayed diagnosis, recurrence and drug resistance. Inherent immunogenicity potential, oncogenic function and expression of cancer-testis/germline antigen (CTA) in ovarian cancer render them a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Revolutionary cl...

An excessive amount of fat deposition in the body leads to obesity which is a complex disease and poses a generic threat to human health. It increases the risk of various other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and multiple types of cancer. Genomic studies have shown that the expression of the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene was highly al...

Traditional drug discovery is expensive and time-consuming, which raises the question of a drug development process with shortened time and cost. Computer-aided drug designing (CADD) revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry in guiding towards the discovery of small molecules having therapeutic relevance. In recent decades, rapid evolution of rati...

HE4 is a secretory protein. It is expressed in reproductive tract and respiratory epithelium in normal individuals. Serum level of HE4 is raised in various solid cancers that give us an advantage to use it as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. It is an established biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]. It has also shown the significance...

Introduction: Genomic profile of breast cancer is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among racial groups. In India, it is the leading cause of cancer death and accounts for 13.5% of the total incidence of new cancer cases with a mortality rate of 10.6% irrespective of age and sex in 2020. The growing incidence marks the importance o...

Introduction: Genomic profile of breast cancer is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among racial groups. In India, it is the leading cause of cancer death and accounts for 13.5% of the total incidence of new cancer cases with a mortality rate of 10.6% irrespective of age and sex in 2020. The growing incidence marks the importance o...

Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer in men worldwide. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that play an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether PRDX 1 and 2 can be used as a urinary biomarker for surveillance of recurrence in urothelial cancer....

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the host genome's epigenetic modifications are essential for living organisms to adapt to extreme conditions. DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone and interassociation of noncoding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation of epigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved in...

Background: T-ALL is a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by transformation and differentiation blockage at different stages of T cell development. Efficient DNA repair has shown to enable leukemic cells to survive the damaging effects of therapeutics, therefore, understanding of DNA repair alterations in leukemia may provide novel...

Almost half of the patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are refractory to primary induction chemotherapy or undergo reactivation. The ideal treatment modality for refractory/relapsed LCH is yet not evidenced. This review aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of vemurafenib (a BRAF pathway inhibitor) in LCH, particularly the refrac...

T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease, characterized by an abnormal transformation of T cells into highly proliferative leukemic lymphoblasts. Identification of common genetic alterations has provided promising opportunities for better risk stratification in T‐ALL. Current treatment in T‐ALL still poses...