Pranay Tanwar

All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi · Laboratory Oncology Dr BRA-Intitute Rotary Cancer Hospital

Background: Cancer remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) plays an indispensable role in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. The role of NF-κB is not only limited to tumor cell proliferation and suppression of apoptotic genes but it also induces EMT transition responsible for metastasis. I...

BACKGROUND - Occasional coexistence of Juvenile Angiofibroma (JA) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) has been previously noted, and emerging understanding of molecular mechanisms in JA indicates similarities with FAP by involvement of beta-catenin/Wnt pathway. Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (CHRPE) is the earliest extr...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain the most distressing event in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine containing regimen in preventing CINV in children on HEC and MEC. We searched Pu...

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Background The World Health Organization’s call for elimination of cervical cancer envisages 70% screening coverage of women aged 35 and 45 years by an effective test. In India, this target seems unrealistic as awareness and access to cancer prevention services are poor. However, the institutional delivery rate is now >80%. We evaluated the accepta...

The sinonasal tract is considered a second hotspot for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tumors in the head and neck, with HPV being identified in up to 62% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 38% of papillomas. There is limited data from geographical regions with low prevalence of high-risk (HR)-HPV on the association of HR-HPV in sinonasal ne...

Overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) resulting from its genomic rearrangement is the most frequent genetic alteration found in Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a high-risk leukemia. Detection of CRLF2 expression by multiparameter flow cytometry has been proposed as a screening...

Late detection and lack of precision diagnostics are the major challenges in cancer prevention and management. Biomarker discovery in specific cancers, especially at the pre-invasive stage, is vital for early diagnosis, positive treatment response, and good disease prognosis. Traditional diagnostic measures require invasive procedures such as tissu...

Unlabelled: Germ cell tumour (GCT) is the most common testicular tumour that commonly presents as a painless mass. Bone marrow metastasis in cases of testicular GCT is rare; only few case reports are available till date in the literature. Here an adult male presented with an intra-abdominal mass in right iliac fossa with inguinal lymphadenopathy w...

Background Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that predominantly affects young individuals, including children and adolescents. The disease progresses through heterogeneous genetic alterations, and patients often develop pulmonary metastases even after the primary tumors have been surgically removed. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) regulate...

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML) is the largest group of AML patients with very heterogenous patient outcomes. The revised World Health Organization classification of the hematolymphoid tumours, 2022, has incorporated AML with Nucleophosphmin1 (NPM1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (CEBPA) mutations as...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and challenging hematological malignancy with suboptimal outcomes. The implications of advanced technologies in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced the understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive study...

Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (H...

Chronic inflammation in the gallbladder leading to persistent epithelium damage promotes invasive cancer. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of PDL1 and CA19-9 markers in cancer/inflammatory lesions of the gallbladder. A total of 29 cases (19 cancer and 10 inflammatory) were included. The PDL1 protein concentration level and mRNA expres...

Background: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm distinguished by extensive clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). PCL is divided into two subtypes: primary (pPCL) originates de novo without preceding multiple myeloma, while secondary (sPCL) comprises a leukemic modif...

Introduction : Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common health problem worldwide among women. Currently available biomarkers CA125, CA199, and CEA for diagnosis or prognostic evaluation of UCC have not got widespread acceptance. Method : Whole blood samples of 64 patients with UCC were collected along with 63 healthy females and tes...

Background: Screen positive women need to be triaged by colposcopy which is a major challenge in low-middle income countries. Portable colposcopes may overcome many challenges, reduce referrals and enable a single visit approach. This study assessed the performance of portable colposcopes and potential to reduce referral. Method: This crossover...

Background and aims: The objectives of this study were to investigate the cyto-molecular profile and survival of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from October 2018 to December 2020. Karyotype and cytogenetics analyses were done to identify chromosomal aberrations...

Background- Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. It is a complex, heterogeneous disease in which several lifestyle-related and genetic factors are implicated in its pathogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a complex signaling pathway that plays...

Background: The transplacental route of vertical transmission of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has been known for over a decade. Here we present evidence that suggests HBV can replicate in the placenta. Methods: Forty-one HBsAg positive and 10 control pregnant women were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. HBV positives were furth...

Introduction/Background WT1 gene and its encoded protein are highly expressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors such as cancer of breast, lung, pancreas, ovary and prostate (1). WT1-expression is examined by IHC or qPCR, while WT1- ELISA kit is also available. We compared serum level of WT1 (sWT1) with its expression in ovarian cancer...

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma seen in immunocompromised individuals. It has a diffuse growth pattern, with no standard therapy and a poor survival rate. Due to overlap in presenting features with lymphoma and myeloma, PBL is often a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case o...

Context: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematologic malignancy distinguished by the accumulation of abnormally differentiated and uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow induced due to diverse genetic alterations with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) is a transcription...

The global cancer cases and mortality rates are increasing and demand efficient biomarkers for accurate screening, detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that variations in epigenetic mechanisms like aberrant promoter methylation, altered histone modification and mutations in ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling comple...

Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited for its enormous therapeutic and diagnostic potential in the management of multiple disorders. It employs nanomate-rials as drug carriers with enhanced efficacy and limited side effects on normal tissues. A lot of nanomaterials have been studied and produced, imminently reforming the treatment and diagn...

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The phenotype is characterized by delayed diagnosis, recurrence and drug resistance. Inherent immunogenicity potential, oncogenic function and expression of cancer-testis/germline antigen (CTA) in ovarian cancer render them a potential candidate for immunotherapy. Revolutionary cl...

2022) Comprehensive mutations analyses of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) and their effects on FTO's substrate binding implicated in obesity. Front. Nutr. 9:852944. An excessive amount of fat deposition in the body leads to obesity which is a complex disease and poses a generic threat to human health. It increases the risk of various oth...

Traditional drug discovery is expensive and time-consuming, which raises the question of a drug development process with shortened time and cost. Computer-aided drug designing (CADD) revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry in guiding towards the discovery of small molecules having therapeutic relevance. In recent decades, rapid evolution of rati...

HE4 is a secretory protein. It is expressed in reproductive tract and respiratory epithelium in normal individuals. Serum level of HE4 is raised in various solid cancers that give us an advantage to use it as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. It is an established biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]. It has also shown the significance...

Introduction: Genomic profile of breast cancer is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among racial groups. In India, it is the leading cause of cancer death and accounts for 13.5% of the total incidence of new cancer cases with a mortality rate of 10.6% irrespective of age and sex in 2020. The growing incidence marks the importance o...

Introduction: Genomic profile of breast cancer is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among racial groups. In India, it is the leading cause of cancer death and accounts for 13.5% of the total incidence of new cancer cases with a mortality rate of 10.6% irrespective of age and sex in 2020. The growing incidence marks the importance o...

Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer in men worldwide. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that play an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether PRDX 1 and 2 can be used as a urinary biomarker for surveillance of recurrence in urothelial cancer....

Background: T-ALL is a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by transformation and differentiation blockage at different stages of T cell development. Efficient DNA repair has shown to enable leukemic cells to survive the damaging effects of therapeutics, therefore, understanding of DNA repair alterations in leukemia may provide novel...

Almost half of the patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are refractory to primary induction chemotherapy or undergo reactivation. The ideal treatment modality for refractory/relapsed LCH is yet not evidenced. This review aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of vemurafenib (a BRAF pathway inhibitor) in LCH, particularly the refrac...

T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease, characterized by an abnormal transformation of T cells into highly proliferative leukemic lymphoblasts. Identification of common genetic alterations has provided promising opportunities for better risk stratification in T‐ALL. Current treatment in T‐ALL still poses...

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the host genome's epigenetic modifications are essential for living organisms to adapt to extreme conditions. DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone, and inter-association of non-coding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation of epigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved...

Acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML) is the largest group of AML patients which is associated with a variegated patient outcome. Multiple molecular markers have been used to risk-stratify these patients. Estimation of expression of BAALC gene (Brain and Acute Leukemia, Cytoplasmic) mRNA level is one of the predictive markers whi...

Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental contamination. Human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants, including physical, chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causes adverse consequences, and induces a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mu...

LGL leukemia is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of cytotoxic lymphocytes which can be immunophenotypically either T cell or NK cell-derived. According to the World Health Organization classification, it can be divided into three subtypes: chronic T-cell leukemia and chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis, and aggressive natural kille...

Background: The Indian subcontinent has the highest incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in the world. The high incidence of tobacco chewing habit with or without smoking has been found to be the chief culprit. However in a minor subset of patients Human Papilloma Virus may play a role. Materials and methods: A total of 800 cases of...

Purpose To evaluate and compare the prevalence of high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV types in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and healthy controls. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on the patients of CRSwNP undergoing surgical management. All patients underwen...

Background and Objectives Remarkable infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is due to the rapid emergence of various strains which enable the virus to ruling the world. Over the course of SARS-CoV2 pandemic, the scientific communities worldwide are responding to newly emerging genetic variants. However, mechanism...

The SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly throughout the world and appears to involve in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SARS-CoV-2 is attached to host cells via binding to the viral spike (S) proteins and its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Consequently, the S protein is primed with serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TM...

Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited for its enormous therapeutics and diagnostics potential in the management of multiple disorders. It employs nanomaterials as drug carriers with enhanced efficacy and limited side effects on normal tissues. Plenty of nanomaterials have been studied and produced, with the impending imminently to reform th...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex, aggressive myeloid neoplasm characterized by frequent somatic mutations that influence different functional categories' genes, resulting in maturational arrest and clonal expansion. AML can arise de novo (dn-AML) or can be secondary AML (s-AML) refers to a leukemic process which may arise from an anteceden...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex, aggressive myeloid neoplasm characterized by frequent somatic mutations that influence different functional categories' genes, resulting in maturational arrest and clonal expansion. AML can arise de novo (dn-AML) or can be secondary AML (s-AML) refers to a leukemic process which may arise from an anteceden...

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have been used post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for earlier neutrophil engraftment. The use of G-CSFs, and their effect on other post-HSCT outcomes remains debatable. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and IndMed usi...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although genetically and morphologically distinct from other B and T cell ALL subtypes, has one of the most rapidly progressing course and worse outcomes. The current diagnostic classification of AML offers best curative intent, the outcomes are not usually those that are expected at the start of therapy. This is partl...

Introduction/Background* Thrombocytosis is a poor prognostic indicator in malignancies especially in gynecological one such as carcinoma ovary, cervix, and endometrium. Recent evidence indicates that platelets are present in the tumor microenvironment and could play important roles in stimulating tumor growth. The aim of this study is to analyze th...

Introduction/Background* Ovarian cancer is currently diagnosed using CAl25, which has a number of fallacies. Recently HE4 (human epididymis protein) is an emerging biomarker. It has higher potency to differentiate benign tumours from malignant one. Methodology We studied 123 cases of ovarian cancer confirmed by histopathological examination. Whole...

Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the trea...

Accumulating evidences demonstrate that the host genome's epigenetic modificationsare essential for living organisms to adapt extreme conditions.DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone, andinter-association of non-coding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation ofepigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved in the...

Context Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with marked variation in response to therapy. New prognostic markers, such as gene mutations, including NPM1, FLT3, and WT1, have been identified. Objective Evaluation of WT1 gene expression and mutations, including AML-ETO, CBFB-MYH11, NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and PML-RARA, as biomarkers for...

Context Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by different genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Several epigenetics modifications were observed in the promoter regions of the cellular epigenome, including hypomethylation or hypermethylation of CpG islands during the onset and progression of AML...

Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations...

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML), although genetically and morphologically distinct from other AML (acute myeloid leukemia) subtypes, is one of the most best responsive acute myeloid leukemia. -Conventional diagnostic methods and morphological hints often fail in the majority of the cases in the peripheral laboratories owing to re...

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive and most common malignancy of biliary tract lacking effective treatment due to unavailability of suitable biomarkers and therapeutics. SMAD4 is an essential mediator of transforming growth factor-β pathway involved in various cellular processes like growth, differentiation and apoptosis and also recognized...

Introduction: Lesions of liver cause significant morbidity and mortality. Liver biopsy may not give the exact picture on lesions of liver. Autopsy study may be a better choice for this. The aims and objectives are: 1) to analyze lesions of liver in autopsy in India; 2) to establish the usefulness of autopsy pathology in clinical practice, teaching...

Introduction: Transfusion is commonly done in clinical indications and complications arising due to Anemia, shock, blood loss, thrombocytopenia due to any cause, ineffective erythropoiesis. Pregnancy is a physiological condition characterized by Anemia, fluid overload, hypercoagulable state, and antifibrinolytic condition, which can cause various...