Pradeep Kumar Prajapati

• M D (Ayu), Ph.D
• Vice Chancellor at Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan University

In astrophysics, the abundance of ²⁶Al is essential for understanding nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way and Galactic core-collapse supernovae rates. Detection methods involve γ-ray lines and comparing ²⁶Mg overabundance with the common Mg isotope in meteorites. Therefore, stable isotopes ²⁷Al and ²⁴Mg play a crucial role and the MgAl cycle affecting...

Background Naga Bhasma (NB) (incinerated lead) has been indicated as a remedy for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including Prameha (diabetes), Kasa (cough), Raktapradara (menorrhagia), Shukradosha (defects in semen), etc., However, improperly prepared NB can cause harmful effects on the human body. In modern science also, lead consumptio...

Among various gastric diseases, peptic ulcer is commonly reported in practice. The exact etiology is unknown however, offensive and defensive factors and no acid no ulcer theories are nearer to its etiology. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the causative factors, responsible for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Various treatment modal...

Background: Since ancient times, the essential element sulphur has played an important role in different medical fields. It is one of the main materials used in herbo-mineral pharmaceutics in Ayurveda. However, for Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations, the purity of sulphur is crucial in avoiding any harmful reactions and to enhance the medicinal...

C +¹² C is the main reaction during core and shell carbon burning in massive stars, however, at temperatures higher than 10⁹K when most of the carbon is depleted and its abundance is lower than ¹⁶O, the ¹²C +¹⁶ O fusion can also become relevant. Moreover, ¹²C +¹⁶ O reaction can ignite also in the scenario of explosive carbon burning. The astrophysi...

The abundance of ²⁶ Al carries a special role in astrophysics, since it probes active nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way and constrains the Galactic core-collapse supernovae rate. It is estimated through the detection of the 1809 keV γ -line and from the superabundance of ²⁶ Mg in comparison with the most abundant Mg isotope ( A = 24) in meteorites....

The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused severe infections with high mortality. An increase in the cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was reported predominantly in India. Commonly present in immunocompromised individuals, mucormycosis is often a life-threatening condition. Confounding factors and molecular mechanis...

Chyawanprash (CP) is one of the most revered, effective, and best-selling health supplements of Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine, which is high on the trust and health quotient among Indian consumers. CP is an ancient synergistic blend of around fifty (50) medicinal herbs, herbal extracts with jam-like consistency, traditionally used to improve...

Scholars of ancient Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) were extremely reasonable and had strong scienti c rationality in fundamental concepts, which are also applied to drug manufacture and therapy. Bhavana is a unique traditional method of transformation of raw material/substances into the drug by levigation or wet grinding of powdered drugs wit...

Purpose of Review Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. is an Indian traditional medicinal tree, aka “flame of forest,” “palash,” “bastard teak,” and “dhak.” The family comprises 630 genera and 18,000 species distributed throughout Asian countries. It is traditionally used since the Vedic era for different therapeutic purposes in various parts of India. Th...

COVID's Omicron variant has sparked a slew of concerns across the globe. This review aims to provide a brief overview of what we know about the Omicron variant right now.The new variant has been discovered in 149 countries across all 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions since its discovery in South Africa on the 24th November, 2021 and became...

The ²⁶Al abundance holds a special role in present-day astrophysics, since it is a probe of active nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy and a valuable constraint of Galactic core-collapse supernovae rate. It is estimated through the detection of the 1809-keV γ-line of the daughter ²⁶Mg and from the superabundance of ²⁶Mg in comparison with the most abunda...

Ayurveda focuses upon preventing and promoting health along with curing of diseases in a systematic way. Ayurvedic literature has numerous single and compound plant-based, herbo-mineral, herbo-metallic formulations for general well being and in disease-specifi c conditions relating to geriatrics. Rasayana is a specialized branch that deals with the...

Kajjali (black sulphide of mercury) is a frequently used compound in Ayurveda therapeutics and known to be a prime compound in various rasa medicines. Due to the variety of medicinal properties described in ancient rasashastra literature, kajjali has been used in internal and external treatments. Though the kajjali is included in malahara which is...

Bhallataka Taila (Oil) is extracted with the help of Patala Yantra. It is one of the important formulations in Ayurveda pharmaceutics. Shelf life for various dosage forms are described in Ayurveda classics. In the current scenario, the amendment of Rule No. 161-B of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940, specifies the maximum shelf life of Ayurvedic form...

Background: Natural resources have always been the stepping stone in the advancement of modern medicine and the knowledge of the various traditional system of medicine has played a very crucial role in it. However, due to overexploitation of some drugs has led to the endangerment of them. Objective: The present review describes the cultivation and...

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Miers) is a flagship rejuvenating herb of Ayurveda with reported anti-diabetic potential. In the present study, different dosage forms of Guduchi stem (growing on neem tree) were developed by adopting Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process of Bhavana (levigation). Guduchi Churna (GC) was subjected to 07 times Bhavan...

Introduction: Herbal plants are known for their anti-oxidant and other various therapeutic activities. Mostly the active chemical moieties of the herbal plants are flavonoids in nature. In the present study, Calotropis procera was evaluated for its anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activity. Materials and Methods: First the ethanolic extract of leaves...

The given study describes the formulation of nanoparticles and its delivery in the form of nanoparticles. Olanzapine is one of the most prescribed drug for the treatment of Schizophrenia. It belongs to 2 nd generation antipsychotics. Olanzapine belongs to BCS class II and possess low solubility, So the aim of this study was to formulate and optimis...

Background: Abrin is a type of ribosome-inactivating protein that inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis which leads to apoptosis and cell death. Abrin is isolated from the plant Abrus precatorius L. (A. precatorius) it is a valuable plant from the family Fabaceae. It is commonly known as Gunja or Jequirity, it is found easily throughout India mainl...

Parpati Kalpana is one of the famous Kalpanas of Rasashastra which is widely used and considered as a boon for digestive disorders. The Parpati name is given to this Kalpana as per its Papad or Parpata – thin flake – like appearance. Parpati Kalpana is mainly divided into Sagandha and Nirgandha Parpati Kalpana. Rasa Parpati is the type of Sagandha...

There is rising global interest toward herbal or traditional medicines due to their natural origin and lesser side effects than conventional synthetic drugs that have been described with unwanted but unavoidable side effects. Therefore herbal therapies are being preferred over conventional treatments as an effective remedy of many brain disorders....

Introduction: Herbal plants are known for their anti-oxidant and other various therapeutic activities. Mostly the active chemical moieties of the herbal plants are flavonoids in nature. In the present study, Calotropis procera was evaluated for its anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activity. Materials and Methods: First the ethanolic extract of leaves...

Background: Natural resources have always been the stepping stone in the advancement of modern medicine and the knowledge of the various traditional system of medicine has played a very crucial role in it. Objective: The present review describes different pharmacological activities of the phytoconstituents found in the C. sativa. Result and Discuss...

Plants and herbs are being used for the treatment of various diseases since ancient time due to their efficacy and availability. According to the World Health Organization, 80 % world population use herbs or medicinal plants in one or the other way as vegetables, spices, and medicines. These drugs can be used internally and externally to treat vari...

Purpose of Review Genomics has ushered in a phase of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PM), and several attempts are being made to detect genetic variations that are responsible for susceptibility to diseases and varied response to medications, however, have met with only a limited success. Ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurved...

Shodhana process in rasashastra is a mandatory process for each material prior to use in herbo-mineral pharmaceutical preparations. Although different types of mercury (Hg) shodhana"processes are described in rasashastra, in Sri Lanka, Ayurveda herbo-mineral manufacturers use a three-step method with Allium sativum extract, Piper betel extract and...

Swarasa is primary dosage form of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics which is useful in preparation of various secondary formulations. Scattered description of such formulations in Ayurveda classics leads great difficulties for Ayurveda learners and practitioners. Charaka Samhita, one of the fundamental Ayurveda classics, comprises lots of secondary formulati...

Background Honey is being used in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, especially in Indian Ayurvedic Medicine, as an adjuvant and supplement in diabetes mellitus treatment since immemorial times. In recent times, the use of honey has experienced a renewed interest in the context of diabetes treatment because of the rise in the accessibility of...

Quality control of Ayurvedic medicines though being the need of the hour, is an arduous task. As Ayurveda encompasses the use of drug as a whole which leads to generation of a complex matrix. In such a scenario, selective and sensitive sophisticated analytical tools alone cannot serve the purpose. Besides, the ancient science of medicine is sensory...

In the network of reactions present in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the ³ He(n, p) ³ H reaction has an important role which impacts the final ⁷ Li abundance. The Trojan Horse Method (THM) has been applied to the ³ He(d, pt)H reaction in order to extract the astrophysical S(E)-factor of the ³ He(n, p) ³ H reaction in the Gamow energy range. The exp...

The complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is 82% similar to SARS-CoV-1. The emerging coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have caused the recent pandemics of respiratory infectious diseases. Ayurveda makes use of metals and minerals in the...

Nuclear reactions play a key role in the framework of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. A network of 12 principal reactions has been identified as the main path that drove the elemental nucleosynthesis in the first 20 min of the history of the Universe. Among them an important role is played by neutron-induced reactions, which, from an experimental poi...

Introduction: Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium L.), commonly known as "marking nut," has vast applicability in indigenous system of medicine and is indicated in many ailments such as skin disorders, tumors and malignant growth, fungal disease, excessive menstruation, vaginal discharge, fever, hemoptysis, constipation, and intestinal parasites. Abo...

Background: The initiation of tobacco addiction is complex, and several factors contribute to the onset of this behavior. It is presumed that the influence of family environment may pose a key factor in tobacco addiction. Tobacco-use has been highly observed in the Jamnagar district of Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India. No earlier study has focus...

Objective: Shelf life is the period during which the potency (Virya) of a drug remains unaffected due to environmental factors or from microbial contamination. Considering the growing popularity of Ayurveda products, it becomes important to maintain the quality of all such products. Shelf life is one of the essential components under quality and ne...

Background: Majority of the population relies on traditional medicines for many of their health related problems. Particularly individuals with chronic illness like diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to simultaneously use herbal medicines. Many of such users believe that traditional medicines are natural and therefore safe, but this is a dange...

Ayurvedic management of rheumatoid arthritis

In the network of reactions present in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the ³ He(n, p) ³ H has an important role which impacts the final ⁷Li abundance. The Trojan Horse Method (THM) has been applied to the ³He(d, pt)H reaction in order to extract the astrophysical S(E)-factor of the ³He(n, p ) ³ H in the Gamow energy range. The experiment will be desc...

Background: The concept of Saviryata Avadhi (shelf life) of different Ayurveda dosage forms is well described in Sharngadhara saṃhita. Shelf life is an important component and is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations t...

Background Shelf life is the length of time, after which all substances start to degrade in their qualities and become unsuitable for consumption or sale. Every product has definite shelf life, which depends on various physical, chemical, environmental, and biological factors. Shelf life of various compound formulations was clarified in the classic...

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders which share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia that occurs due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or sometimes both. Herbomineral formulations can be the alternative for contemporary synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents due to their potency, suitability, and negligib...

Background: Guḍuchi Satva is frequently utilized drug among Ayurvedic physicians for conditions such as Jvara (fever), Daha (burning sensation) and other Pitta predominant conditions. Because of its numerous medicinal attributes, many pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing this formulation. This article is intended to check the difference in or...

Chyawanprash (CP) is an Ayurvedic health supplement which is made up of a super-concentrated blend of nutrient-rich herbs and minerals. It is meant to restore drained reserves of life force (ojas) and to preserve strength, stamina, and vitality, while stalling the course of aging. Chyawanprash is formulated by processing around 50 medicinal herbs a...

Ayurveda has given prime importance to Mutravaha srotas (urinary system) and Srotogata vikaras (urinary disorders). Acharyas of Ayurveda has described many aspects of Mutravaha srotasa (urinary system) and described diseases pertaining to it. Mulaka (Raphanus sativus Linn.) belongs to family Brasicassea, traditionally being used in kidney disorders...

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder prevalent worldwide among elderly populations. Owing to limited efficacy, side effects and poor patient compliance for current rationally designed therapies, options are being searched from alternate therapies such as Indian (Ayurvedic), Chinese or other traditional...

Background: Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have several limitations, due to which people are moving towards use of traditional medicines. Considering this, the current attempt is aimed to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of a poly-herbal formulation Śirīṣāvaleha prepared in presence of water and Kanji (sour gruel). Ka...

Background: In the reduction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) the lipid lowering activity of herbs plays an important role, especially where there is relation between low density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction and decreased CVD mortality. Thus, all over the world various medicinal plants are being screened for their lipid lowering activity by the phy...

Background Ayurveda, systematically evolved science of the universe, focuses on preventing, preserving health, and curing diseases in a comprehensive way. This heritage is survived through the ages and Ministry of Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) took a number of initiatives to showcase its usefulness at global...

Vitiligo is a common autoimmune pigmentary disorder of great socio-medical importance. It is characterized by white spots appeared on the skin due to melanocytes deficiency. It can be correlated with Shvitra in Ayurveda. Due to side effects and limitation of the contemporary science, some harmless and effective medicines are expected from Alternati...

Context With increasing popularity, the quality of medicines has become an important issue. Shelf life is an important component that is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations that are being marketed and used in therape...

Analytical study of KukkutandaTwak Bhasma (Incinerated hen egg shell), an Ayurvedic medicine used to treat Leucorrhoea and other disorders. This study helps to find out role of incineration process during preparation of bhasma with different medias.

Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and anxiety pose a major public health problem and are associated with the considerable burden of disease, suicides, physical comorbidities, high economic costs, and poor quality of life. There is a recent upsurge...

Psoralea corylifolia Linn. belonging to Fabaceae family is an important endangered plant that has been therapeutically used to treat different pathological manifestations since ages. It is commonly known as Bakuchi in Sanskrit. Though it is an important plant, till date, no pharmacognostical reports have been available on its seed. A lot of adulter...

CONTEXT: The different dosage forms of Ayurveda are mostly prepared in the presence of Jala (water) as Drava dravya (extracting medium). Transfer of the medicinal properties of any Dravya (drug) is done on the virtue of Drava dravya (liquid medium). Screening through the classics reveal that seers used Drava such as Kshira (cow's milk), Gomutra (co...

Bhallataka Phala (fruit of Semecarpus anacardium L.), is a well-known anti-hyperlipidaemic drug. Bhallataka is described in all Ayurvedic classics as Rasayana and advocated for various therapeutic purposes such as Kushtha (skin diseases), Arsha (piles), Krimi (worm infestations), Prameha (urine disorders), Medodosha (lipid disorders), etc. Though i...

Introduction In Ayurveda, metals and minerals are converted into biocompatible forms through specified classical procedures like Shodhana, Marana, etc. before their therapeutic use. Their frequent use without any noticeable side effects since ages is the ultimate proof of safety. But, safety and toxicity concerns are being raised by conventional re...

Nanotechnology is the newly emerging science in the medical field similarly Ayurvedic medications and therapies are getting in trend due to their safety and efficacy. However, delivery of Ayurvedic drugs requires modification for their global acceptance because traditional formulations are not preferred by the patients due to their dose, palatabili...

Introduction: Ethnomedicine is contributed to the evolution of different systems of medicine, namely, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Naturopathy including the modern medicine. Enicostemma littorale blume [E. littorale (Mamajjaka)] is one of the traditional medicines used mainly in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan as a stomachic, tonic, carminat...

Introduction: Avaleha (Linctus) is a unique dosage form of Ayurveda that is frequently used in various disorders and as Rasāyana (Immunomodulators). Aṣṭāngavaleha is one such formulation being used for Śvāsa (Asthma), Jvara (Fever), Hikkā (Hiccup) and Kāsa (Cough). Aṣṭāngavaleha has not been mentioned in Brūhattrayī. It had been extensively reviewe...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an auto-immune inflammatory disease is one of the challenging conditions for the physicians to handle due to its chronicity, incurability, complications, morbidity, etc. In spite of potent anti-inflammatory agents and powerful immune-suppressive agents, its prognosis is not good, as these drugs have certain limitations in...

Background: Hyperlipidemia is modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence is alarmingly increased in India. Although many treatment modalities are effectively used in the conventional system, they have certain limitations and adverse effects. Ayurvedic metallic and herbo-mineral formulations are safely practiced in Indian...

Context: Control of cough remains a major unmet medical need. There is a need to have safe and effective anti‑tussive drug that can alleviate chronic cough without developing side effects. Ashtangavaleha is an effective compound formulation for combating the disease asthma. Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate anti‑tussive activity of...

Background: Bronchial Asthma is now recognized to be a primarily inflammatory condition. It is an episodic disease manifested clinically by paroxysms of dyspnoea, cough and wheezing. Respiratory diseases are a major cause of disability and poor quality of life. Modern drugs used to treat this condition are known to develop certain adverse reactions...

Borax is used in Ayurveda to treat various diseases like asthma, ulcer, and others, after removal of the water for crystallisation. It causes toxicity when accumulated in the body, leads to vomiting, fatigue, and renal failure. The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and the sub-acute toxicity and cardiac activity of processed borax...

Background-Life style, Speed and the prime demands of present era lead to psychological stress, which ultimately causes the mental or physical diseases. In Ayurveda and contemporary sciences, stress is found as one of the major aggravating factors for various diseases including skin disorders. A study about the involvement of psychological stress i...

Alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease characterised by hair loss can be correlated with Indralupta in Ayurveda. Due to side effects and limitation of the contemporary science, some harmless and effective medicines are expected from Alternative medical sciences. Ayurveda has great potential to treat such autoimmune diseases. Here a case of alopecia...

Introduction-Nishamalaki [combination formulation of Turmeric and Indian goose berry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)]; is recommended in Ayurvedic classics, proven efficacious and widely practiced in the management (treatment, prevention of complications) of Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus). Dose related antihyperglycemic activity of Nishamalaki prepare...

Introduction: Śodhana is a preliminary process that helps in eliminating possible physical or chemical blemishes from raw material and making them suitable for therapeutic application. Guggulu (Commiphora wightii (Arn) Bhandari) is a well-known herb in Āyurveda, which is gaining its attention in world market. Exudate of the plant is therapeutically...

In Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics, heartwood of several precious plants is used. Increasing global demands of the Ayurvedic formulations containing heartwood may lead to damage or destroy the plants. With aim to develop some alternative pharmaceutical methods, repeated extraction process was applied on Acacia catechu heartwood. Coarse pow...

Introduction: Now a days, chemical fertilizers not only pollute the cultivation land but also the attributes cultivated plant with those harmful chemicals. Hence organic manures are getting pace. Kunapajala is liquid organic manure mentioned in Vrikshyayurveda, acts as a good source of plant nutrient. The method has been mentioned for preparation b...