Pilar Martin-Escudero

• PhD
• Professor at Complutense University of Madrid

The prevalence of impaired mental health (MH) has increased in recent decades. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of impaired MH amongst registered Spanish golfers using the GHQ-28 questionnaire. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out in Spain between March and August 2024 using a self-administered questionnaire on 298 adul...

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is vital for patient monitoring, particularly in clinical settings. Traditional SpO2 estimation methods have limitations, which can be addressed by analyzing photoplethysmography (PPG) signals with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, analyzed 183 unique referen...

This study examines the relationship between physiological complexity, as measured by Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), and fitness levels in female athletes. Our focus is on their association with maximal oxygen consumption (VO2,max). Our findings reveal a complex relationship between entropy metrics and fitness levels, indic...

Recent concerns regarding the clinical accuracy of pulse oximetry in dark-skinned patients, specifically in detecting occult hypoxaemia, have motivated research on this topic and recently reported in this journal. We provide an overview of the technical aspects of the issue, the sources of inaccuracy, and the current regulations and limitations. Th...

Recent concerns regarding the clinical accuracy of pulse oximetry in dark-skinned patients, specifically in detecting occult hypoxaemia, have motivated research on this topic and recently reported in this journal. We provide an overview of the technical aspects of the issue, the sources of inaccuracy, and the current regulations and limitations. Th...

The market for wrist-worn devices is growing at previously unheard-of speeds. A consequence of their fast commercialization is a lack of adequate studies testing their accuracy on varied populations and pursuits. To provide an understanding of wearable sensors for sports medicine, the present study examined heart rate (HR) measurements of four popu...

Nowadays, pulse oximetry has become the standard in primary and intensive care units, especially as a triage tool during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, a deeper understanding of the measurement errors that can affect precise readings is a key element in clinical decision-making. Several factors may influence the accuracy of pulse oximetry, s...

The myths surrounding women’s participation in sport have been reflected in respiratory physiology. This study aims to demonstrate that continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation during a maximal exercise test in female athletes is highly correlated with the determination of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) or anaerobic threshold (AnT)....

The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most frequently consumed performance enhancing drugs (PED) in sports. In the anti-doping field, the detection of AAS is carried out by the analysis of the athlete’s urine using methodologies based on liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unfortunately, the detection of unknown compounds is not p...

Background: Martial arts are currently being practiced throughout the world by about 100 million people. Considering that sports injuries account for 20% of all emergencies treated in hospitals, this is an issue that should be further studied. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and type of injuries in Wushu, Judo, and Karate practitione...

Analytica Chimica Acta 637(2009)247-258 [2] Testosterone challenge and androgen receptor activity in relation to UGT2B17 genotypes. Clin Invest 2013; 43(3):248-255 [3] Impact of UGT2B17 gene deletion on the steroid profile of an athlete.] Impact of the UGT2B17 polymorphism on the steroid profile. Results of a crossover clinical trial in athletes su...

The urinary excretion of the AAS metabolites required the combination with glucuronic acid, that phase II metabolic modification is controlled by an enzyme that can by affected in its performance by a deletion of the UGT2B17 gen. According to published data the prevalence of this deletion among Asiatic is 70% and Caucasians 7%. The potential of BDS...

This article studies the genetic influence of polymorphism of the UGT2B17 gen on the urinary steroid profile and its implications for the anti-doping field. The study presents the results of a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial with healthy athletes submitted to a single dose of 250 mg of testosterone cypionate. Forty urine...

The aim of the study was to detect how physical education and smoking habits affect secondary school students, 168 non smokers and newly initiated were studied. Weight, height, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, strength, flexibility and endurance, and spirometric tests were analyzed. In both, female and male smokers, obtained worse res...

Dotor Castilla ML, Martín Escudero P, Galindo Canales M, Miguel Tobal F, Giannetti R, Sánchez Miralles A, López Silva SM. Sensor, dispositivo, sistema y método no invasivo para determinar parámetros de ejercicio durante la realización de un ejercicio físico. Sensor (1) no invasivo en forma de anillo para determinar la saturación de oxígeno en sang...

Dotor Castilla ML, Martín Escudero P, Galindo Canales M, Miguel Tobal F, Giannetti R, Sánchez Miralles MA, López Silva SM. A non-invasive, ring-shaped sensor (1) for determining blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of a person performing a physical exercise comprises a signal transmitter that transmits signals through the tissue and the arteria...

Dotor Castilla ML, Martín Escudero P, Galindo Canales M, Miguel Tobal F, Giannetti R, Sánchez Miralles A, López Silva SM. Sensor, dispositivo, sistema y método no invasivo para determinar parámetros de ejercicio durante la realización de un ejercicio físico. Sensor (1) no invasivo en forma de anillo para determinar la saturación de oxígeno en sangr...

The measurement of the testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) in urine is often used as a marker for testosterone administration in the doping control field. This study examines the frequencies of the different expression forms of the UGT2B17 gene, and assesses their effects on this marker in volunteer subjects. The sample for this descr...

BACKGROUND: Since prevention is the best strategy in the battle against doping, it is of vital importance to assess on one hand the knowledge and attitudes of potential users of banned substances and on the other hand the acquisition of such attitudes along their career. OBJECTIVES: To explore and evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of the use of...

The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, hereinafter referred to as UNESCO. Conscious that sport should play an important role in the protection of health, in moral, cultural and physical education and in promoting international understanding and peace; Noting the need to encourage and coordina...

RESUMEN: Las artes marciales son ejercicios para el cuerpo, la mente y el espíritu que mayoritariamente se originaron en Oriente e incluyen boxeo y autodefensa. Se han practicado desde hace más de 42 siglos, se han dividido en muchas disciplinas a lo largo de este tiempo y son practicadas en la actualidad a lo largo de todo el mundo. Las artes marc...

Background: Since prevention is the best strategy in the battle against doping, it is of vital importance to assess on one hand the knowledge and attitudes of potential users of banned substances and on the other hand the acquisition of such attitudes along their career. This study arises from the request of collaboration made by the Griffith Unive...

The transmittance photoplethysmographyc signals recorded with multiple NIR laser diodes in athletes along a maximal exercise test by treadmill ergometer and the results after processing are presented in comparison to the established reference techniques. (2005 Poster-ECBO 050531-0614 NIR-LD-PPG-Exercise 130817)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique that can be used to quantify the arterial blood pulse rate. Signal corruption by motion artifacts limits the practical accuracy and applicability of instruments for monitoring pulse rate during intense physical exercise. This study develops and validates an algorithm, which is based on...

Pulse oximetry is used to determine the percentage saturation of oxygen in blood. Its main feature is that it is a noninvasive and relatively inexpensive. There are few studies relating physical activity and pulse oximetry with most abundant studies are clinical trials. The authors review the definition of pulse oximetry, the grounds upon which it...

El paciente con cefaleas que se inicia a la práctica deportiva se le deben indicar unos consejos generales sobre la realización de mismo que seguramente le serán de gran utilidad y beneficio: • Evitar factores de riesgo: cafeína, alcohol, evitar el aumento de temperatura corporal, deshidratación, hipoglucemia (no entrenar en ayunas), no llegar a la...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique that enables to quantify the arterial blood pulse rate derived from the cardiac pumping action. Although this technique is widely used in the medical practice as part of pulse oximeters, the signal corruption by motion artifacts is a primary limitation in the practical accuracy and appl...

Every day more research redound on the beneficial effects of exercise in different organ systems, being, therefore, a source of health and protective factor against disease of modernity, especially cardiovascular type and as an adjunct to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of other . Health we seek is not only physical, but mental he...

The invention relates to a method of processing photopletismographic signals obtained from a person or animal and to an oximeter using said method. The inventive method comprises the following steps consisting in: a) receiving time-domain photopletismographic electrical signals; b) transforming said time signals into spectral signals; c) identifyin...

The role of exercise in improving individual and social welfare is becoming increasingly important as the number of people with anxiety or depression. Aerobic exercise is associated with reductions in the latter. Their relationship to psychological well has a correlational rather than causal character. The effects of physical exercise tend to be mo...

actividad física regular es beneficiosa para todos los sec-tores de edad y diferentes tipos de enfermedades 1-5 , entre ellos en la epilepsia, por esto cuando introducimos un plan de ejercicio para el paciente epiléptico podemos ayu-darle a mejorar su condición física, su autoestima y con-fianza 6 . Por norma general se piensa que los adultos y niñ...

At present, sports has acquired a degree of really important presence in our lives. We are attracted by its magic, both as spectators and participants. This attraction exists because of the great enthusiasm and allusions and even some frustration, that is, part of our lives, that we express. In other words, sports is a representation of daily life,...

Physical exercise has been shown to be very effective in processes where there is joint damage, this is offered both as a therapeutic alternative, improved pharmacological results, precise weapon in the prevention of these rheumatic diseases and most importantly the best "stick "to improve their quality of life.

The objective of this study is the continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation in athletes while performing an exercise stress test. The knowledge of the evolution of oxygen saturation during exercise could be a useful parameter for evaluating the improvement in sports performance. The continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation by mean...

The objective of this study is the continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation in athletes while performing an exercise stress test. The knowledge of the evolution of oxygen saturation during exercise could be a useful parameter for evaluating the improvement in sports performance. The continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation by mean...

El principal problema al monitorizar la frecuencia cardiaca mediante fotopletismografía durante el ejercicio son los artefactos por movimiento. Hemos registrado fotopletismogramas por transmisión en atletas durante pruebas de esfuerzo máximo en tapiz rodante, con un nuevo sistema sensor basado en tres diodos láser con emisiones en longitudes de ond...

The transmittance photoplethysmographic signals recorded with multiple NIR laser diodes in athletes along a maximal exercise test by treadmill ergometer and the results after processing are presented in comparison to the established reference techniques.

The transmittance photoplethysmographyc signals recorded with multiple NIR laser diodes in athletes along a maximal exercise test by treadmill ergometer and the results after processing are presented in comparison to the established reference techniques.

The main problem to monitor heart rate by photoplethysmography during physical exercise is the presence of movement artefacts. We have recorded transmittance photoplethysmogramms in athletes along a maximal exercise test by treadmill ergometer using a new sensory system with multiple near infrared laser diodes. The obtained heart rates agree with t...

El principal problema al monitorizar la frecuencia cardiaca mediante fotopletismografía durante el ejercicio físico son los artefactos por movimiento. Hemos registrado fotopletismogramas por transmisión en atletas durante pruebas de esfuerzo máximo en tapiz rodante, con un nuevo sistema sensor basado en tres diodos láser con emisiones en longitudes...

Photoplethysmography and pulse oximetry are widely used techniques for noninvasive monitoring of heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. In recent years we have been working on the application of near infrared range wavelengths to replace those of the classical pulse oximeters. The development of laser diodes based sensors, processing algorith...

Photoplethysmography and pulse oximetry are widely used techniques for noninvasive monitoring of heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. Over the last years we have been working onto the application of near infrared range wavelengths to replace those of the classical pulse oximeters. The development of laser diodes based sensors, processing al...

Maximal effort tests are used to check the fitness of athletes and to assess their status of health. Measurements performed during the test are also useful to understand athlete physiology and to optimise the training protocols. One of the interesting measurements that can be performed is the oxygen saturation and desaturation in blood along with c...

Photoplethysmography and pulse oximetry are widely used techniques for noninvasive monitoring of heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. Over the last years we have been working onto the application of near infrared range wavelengths to replace those of the classical pulse oximeters. The development of laser diodes based sensors, processing al...

The movement expressed in the form of exercise is acquiring increasingly important role in the lives of individuals, to have unequivocal evidence through multiple investigations, the beneficial effects on different organ systems, their help in preventing various day diseases, especially cardiovascular and metabolic type, and as an adjunct to pharma...

La realización de ejercicio produce modificaciones en todos los sistemas del individuo. En el sistema respiratorio estas adaptaciones son de gran importancia y su fin es mantener una buena oxigenación de los tejidos. El conocimiento de la cesión de oxígeno a nivel tisular empieza a adquirir en estos últimos años, en el mundo del deporte una relevan...

Exercise produces effects on the body involving various systems. These variations will be both immediate and permanent shape. You need to know these adaptations and modifications that will be beneficial in most cases , provided they are made within a scheduled regimen and adequate physical activity to needs and situation of the individual at that a...

AIDS remains one of the most serious health problems in this millennium. In fact, WHO estimated at 5 million cases of AIDS worldwide and about twelve million people are infected with HIV (HIV, viral etiological agent of AIDS). In recent years, they have made considerable efforts in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease of AIDS, ho...

La ciencia se haya introducido en el ámbito deportivo con el fin de ayudar a mejorar el rigor y la eficacia de los éxitos deportivos. Entre el amplio abanico de tendencias de este siglo una de las características es que la ciencia, entre otro tipo de fenómenos, ha potenciado la especulación sobre todas las parcelas de nuestra vida y no por eso meno...