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November 2013 - May 2019
Publications
Publications (55)
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important commodity with substantial global growth in semi-arid regions under irrigation, such as Central Chile. This region of Chile has faced severe drought that has resulted in the abandonment of avocado orchards, previously established in a global biodiversity hotspot. This study investigates the early eff...
Citrus orchards in semi-arid regions are increasingly exposed to drought conditions due to climate change. This study compared the physiological and growth responses of ‘W. Murcott’ tangor (WM) grafted onto Citrus macrophylla (M), Swingle citrumelo (SC), C-35 citrange (C35), or bitter citrandarin (C22) rootstock subjected to two irrigation treatmen...
Electrical plant signaling as a variation potential (VP) occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, and it is associated with the induction of sudden changes in xylem pressure. Additionally, there is evidence that electrical potential (EP) of plants changes with changing soil water content. Therefore, the use of EP as a direct plant measurement...
El capítulo analiza el uso de films plásticos en la agricultura chilena, destacando su importancia en la eficiencia de recursos, pero también su impacto ambiental debido a la acumulación de residuos. Se identifican problemas como la contaminación del suelo y el agua, la falta de regulación específica y las dificultades para el reciclaje debido a la...
Chilean avocado orchards have been affected by branch canker and dieback, mainly associated with pathogens species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Producers often relate water stress to these phenomena; however, predisposing factors for these diseases in Chilean orchards have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identi...
Searching for new strategies to mitigate the effects of low water availability for citrus production, a study was carried out on potted mandarin cv. W. Murcott, with the objective of evaluating the physiological and growth response of the plants to polyacrylamide gel application in the substrate in water restriction conditions. The following treatm...
This study assessed both the soil and litter copper (Cu) levels and their relationships with soil microbial activity, in fruit-tree production areas of central Chile where Cu-based pesticides are intensively sprayed. Samples of soil (0–20 cm depth) and litter from a number of selected orchards (kiwi, table grape, plum, and cherry) were collected an...
The increase of vineyard's water consumption due to the Global Warming Phenomenon (GWP) has forced the winegrowers to strengthen their irrigation and water stewardship efforts, intended for maintaining this resource's long-term sustainable use. Due to water being a limited resource, implementing the Water Footprint (WF) concept in winegrapes produc...
Common bean is an important crop, consumed as green-shelled bean in several countries. In Chile, green-shelled beans are cultivated often as a dry land crop, vulnerable to drought. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydric and productive responses of four green-shelled bean genotypes subjected to deficit irrigation in order to outl...
Water scarcity is one of the most important problems of agroecosystems in Mediterranean and semiarid areas, especially for species such as vineyards that largely depend on irrigation. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is a variable that represents water consumption of a crop, integrating climate and biophysical variables. Actual evapotranspiration mod...
In many orchards, irrigation scheduling is designed based on data from meteorological networks and considering homogeneous soil properties. Such assumptions may result in inefficient irrigation, which is difficult to constrain without expensive or invasive techniques. Here we have evaluated the ability of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)...
The agricultural sector is the primary water user in the country, with withdrawals of around 82%, while mining, industrial and urban sanitary uses share 18%. Given its relevance, we discuss the aspects that determine the present and future water demands by this sector. We also identify significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to ensure...
Hanbook for sustainable managing of vineyards, taking into account mainly water and soil.
Citrus are a globally important fruit crop. Abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity adversely affect physiological citrus performance and survival. With the aim of improving drought tolerance in citrus plants, we constructed transgenic lines of Citrus lemon overexpressing the Arabidopsis transcription factor CBF3. Molecular, physiological, a...
A two-year study was conducted to determine how soil texture affects calcium (Ca) absorption and partitioning in potted ‘Hass’ avocado trees. Trees were planted in 200 L pots in one of four soil types: clay (C), clay loam (CL), sandy loam (SL) or sand (S). Prior to planting, Ca content in each soil was in the normal range of availability, although...
Avocado crop is very sensitive to root asphyxiation. Among the agricultural management techniques, soil applications of humic and sulfuric acids became increasingly popular. In a trial with potted 'Hass' avocado trees grown on a silty-clay soil, different soil treatments were applied to determine their effects on tree physiology and soil characteri...
ACKGROUND:
Charcoal rot of strawberry (Macrophomina phaseolina) is an emerging disease difficult to manage, a desirable alternative is the use of resistant cultivars. However, little is known regarding the reaction of cultivars to the pathogen under water stress conditions.
OBJECTIVE:
The aims of this work were to study the effect of water stress...
Several species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family have been associated with branch canker, dieback, and stem end rot in avocado (Persea americana Mill.). In Chile, the incidence of diseases affecting the avocado tree increased from 2011 to 2016, which coincided with a severe drought that affected avocado production. Moreover, distant countries impor...
The effects of irrigation water savings by partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation, shading or mulching on physiology, growth, yield, and wine quality of 'Syrah' grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in a vineyard at two different sites, each with a different soil type and vegetation index. Plants were subjected...
http://www.redagricola.com/cl/botryosphaeriaceae-en-palto-agentes-causales-de-enfermedades-de-la-madera-y-pudricion-peduncular-del-fruto/
Water-use efficiency (WUE) is a quantitative measurement of biomass produced per volume of water transpired by a plant. WUE is an important physiological trait for drought response to mitigate the water deficiency. In this work, a cisgenic construction from Citrus sinensis was developed and its function in the improvement of WUE was evaluated in Ar...
Este manual es el producto de un trabajo interdisciplinario en el cual participó el sector público, productivo y académico. Con él se pretende promover una gestión sustentable y estratégica de recursos naturales explotados en sistemas agrícolas, por cada una de las personas ligadas al agro, puntualmente a la fruticultura. Se espera que este manual...
Species of Botriosphaeriaceae family in Chilean production of Hass avocado can cause canker dieback in young and old avocado trees, which affect trunk and branch, producing damage and tissue death. The infection begin at the vascular tissue and is spread systemically to others healthy parts of the plant, altering the water and nutrients distributio...
Initial project prospecting to determine the symptoms and species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family in Chile.
In response to abiotic stress, plants have been shown to generate electrical signals which may serve as rapid communication pathways between roots and shoots. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of salinity stress on electrical potentials (EP) in tangor citrus trees and to determine if EP responses to salinity are related to physi...
Several studies have shown that physiological responses in plants, including fruit crops, are associated with changes in electrical potentials (EP), but it is often difficult to statistically quantify these responses. This study tested the effects of irrigation on EP in grapevines (Vitis vinifera), taking into account vapor pressure deficit (VPD) a...
The objective of this study was to define the soil available water depletion (SAWD) in avocado, in order to use it as a criterion for irrigation programs in soils of fine texture and low aeration capacity. To determine appropriately the fraction of soil SAWD we performed three independent trials: Trial 1: We evaluated two treatments: T1, irrigation...
Two experiments (Expts. 1 and 2) were conducted at different times with avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Choquette) trees in containers to test the effects of leaf pruning immediately after removing trees from short-term flooding on tree recovery. Trees in each experiment were divided into two flooding treatments: (1) flooded, or (2) non-flooded...
Walnut production in Chile has expanded to areas where the crop was not previously grown. The central zone of Chile has climatic conditions that are conducive to walnut production. However, in the calcareous soils (pH > 8) of this region, lack of availability of ferrous iron (Fe2+) can result in tree iron deficiency. To prevent tree iron deficiency...
Three experiments (Expts. 1, 2 and 3) were conducted to test the effects of removing a portion of the
leaf canopy of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) prior to flooding on plant stress, survival and recovery
from short-term flooding. Trees in each experiment were divided into two flooding treatments: (1)
flooded, or (2) non-flooded. Trees in e...
This book is comprised of 15 chapters covering principles and basic understanding in avocado science, technology, best management practices and postharvest aspects. It is aimed at avocado researchers, libraries, teachers and academics, students, advisers, cutting edge growers and industry support personnel. Topics discussed include the history, dis...
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a fruit-tree species highly susceptible to water deficiency, which makes irrigation
management a difficult task for growers. When irrigation is inadequate, trees suffer growth reduction, fruit losses, and roots
damage. This study addressed the question of how to assess water stress in avocado trees and the consid...
In Chile, expansion of avocado production has resulted in many orchards established in marginal soils that are poorly drained and have high soil water-to-air ratios when soil moisture is at field capacity. However, avocado trees are sensitive to poor soil aeration. A study was conducted to determine the effects of different soil water-to-air ratios...
Several studies have shown that electrical signals in plants are a mechanism for communicating the detection of environmental stimuli, such as soil water content, air temperature or relative humidity, from the site of detection to more distant plant organs. Most of those studies were conducted with herbaceous plants and relatively little is known a...
Recent studies have shown that electrodes inserted into the stem of some fruit tree species can be used to measure internal electrical signals in response to changes in environmental variables such as soil water content. However, the relative effects of internal or external factors, such as placement of electrodes, light intensity or air temperatur...
Monitoring soil water content coupled with phytomonitoring techniques have been shown to be good tools for irrigation management in avocado orchards. There are many well-tested devices for monitoring soil moisture in orchards but options for measuring plant water status are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether measuring vol...
Commercial avocado production in Chile has expanded to areas with poorly drained soils presenting low oxygenation over significant periods of time throughout the year. In many of these areas, irrigation management is difficult because plantations are often placed on slopes of hills. Poorly aerated soils combined with irrigation design and managemen...
In Chile, commercial avocado production has expanded to areas with poorly-drained soils that are low in oxygen. In these soils, improper irrigation design or management can limit fruit production and quality due to flooding of the root zone. The effects of soil flooding on stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf chlorophyll content (estimated wit...
In Chile, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards are often located in poorly drained, low-oxygen soils, situation which limits fruit production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injecting soil with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of molecular oxygen, on plant water status, net CO2 assimilation, biomass a...
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees are among the most sensitive of fruit tree species to root hypoxia as a result of flooded or poorly drained soil. Similar to drought stress, an early physiological response to root hypoxia in avocado is a reduction of stomatal conductance. It has been previously determined in avocado trees that an extracellula...
In Chile, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards are often located in poorly drained, low-oxygen soils, situation
which limits fruit production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injecting soil with
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of molecular oxygen, on plant water status, net CO2 assimilation, biomass a...
Recent studies have associated the effect of water stress, irrigation, and light cycles with electrical signaling in fruit tree species including avocado, blueberry, lemon and olive. In those studies, changes in the electrical potential (EP) difference were detected between the base of the stem and leaf in response to drought, irrigation, and diurn...
Phytomonitoring techniques for irrigation of avocado orchards indicate that plants respond very rapidly to fluctuations in soil water content. Root to leaf abscicic acid transport cannot fully explain the almost immediate response of stomata to either irrigation and/or sudden changes in climatic conditions. Therefore, we studied the existence of a...
Avocado trees evolved in Andisoils, which are considered the optimum type of soils for tree growth due to their physical properties; mainly low bulk density (0.5 - 0.8 g cm-3) and high macro porosity (∼ 46%). In Chile, avocado orchards are mostly located in fine textured soils, with bulk densities between 1.3 and 1.5 g cm-3 and macro porosities clo...
Monitoring soil water content coupled with phytomonitoring techniques have been shown to be good tools for irrigation management in avocado orchards. There are many well-tested devices for monitoring soil moisture in orchards but options for measuring plant water status are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether measuring vol...
Se realizó una investigación durante la temporada 2003/2004 en un huerto de paltos (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass, sobre portainjerto Mexicola, con el objeto de mejorar la metodología de medición del potencial hídrico xilemático medido a medio día (?xm), utilizando la técnica de la cámara de presión.. El huerto estaba localizado en la V Región (...
A research was developed during 2003 and 2004 at an avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchard cv. Hass grafted on Mexicola rootstock. The orchard was located in the Vth Region of Chile (32°53' lat. S; 71°16' long. W). The orchard was under optimal water and nutritional condition. Several experiences were carried out to optimize midday stem water pot...
Homestead, Florida, Estados Unidos, durante agosto de 2006. Se evaluaron paltos de 1 año cv. Beta y Hass, injertados sobre patrón Waldin de semilla, inundados continuamente por 11 días o bien mantenidos bajo condiciones normales de riego (control). La asimilación de CO 2 (A), conductancia estomática (gs), transpiración (T) y potencial hídrico xilem...
The objective of this study was to define the soil available water depletion (SAWD) in avocado, in order to use it as a criterion for irrigation programs in soils of fine texture and low aeration capacity. To determine appropriately the fraction of soil SAWD we performed three independent trials: Trial 1: We evaluated two treatments: T1, irrigation...
