Pietro Roversi

Pietro Roversi
Italian National Research Council | CNR · Institute of agricultural biology and biotechnology (IBBA) Milano Italy

Chemistry, Milano University

About

176
Publications
21,897
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Introduction
We investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the eukaryotic cell either retains misfolded glycoproteins in the ER (ERQC) and/or degrades them by ERAD. Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography of recombinantly expressed purified ERQC proteins and their complexes with misfolded substrates are used to generate a range of biochemical and biological hypotheses. Our ERQC / ERAD partial inhibitors will be broad-spectrum rescuers of secretion for responsive mutant glycoproteins in rare disease.
Additional affiliations
July 2018 - present
University of Leicester
Position
  • Fellow
Description
  • LISCB Wellcome Trust ISSF Fellow
July 2013 - June 2018
University of Oxford
Position
  • Research Associate
Description
  • Research Associate in the group of Prof. Nicole Zitzmann at the Oxford Glycobiology Institute
October 2008 - September 2013
Lincoln College
Position
  • Fellow
Description
  • Academic and pastoral care of the College's Biochemistry graduate and undergraduate students
Education
October 1993 - July 1997
University of Milan
Field of study
  • Structural Chemistry
October 1987 - March 1993
University of Milan
Field of study
  • Chemistry

Publications

Publications (176)
Preprint
Full-text available
The ERAD glycoprotein misfolding checkpoint complex de-mannosylates misfolded glycoproteins, targeting them for retrotranslocation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. The checkpoint complex is a heterodimer comprising an Endoplasmic Reticulum Degradation Enhancing Mannosidase (EDEM) and a Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI). We determined C...
Conference Paper
Background The common Z (Glu342Lys) variant of alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) misfolds within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes, the major site of A1AT synthesis, with concomitant circulating/pulmonary A1AT deficiency (A1ATD). These events predispose to both liver disease and emphysema. Whilst 15% of synthesised Z A1AT is retained within the...
Article
Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor protein p53. MDM2 overexpression occurs in many types of cancer and results in the suppression of WT p53. The 14-3-3 family of adaptor proteins are known to bind MDM2 and the 14-3-3σ isoform controls MDM2 cellular localization and stability to inhibit its activity. The...
Article
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of misfolded glycoproteins is mediated by the ER‐localized eukaryotic glycoprotein secretion checkpoint, UDP‐glucose glycoprotein glucosyl‐transferase (UGGT). The enzyme recognizes a misfolded glycoprotein and flags it for ER retention by re‐glucosylating one of its N ‐linked glycans. In the background of a cong...
Preprint
Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of the tumour suppressor protein p53. MDM2 overexpression occurs in many types of cancer and results in the suppression of wild type p53. The 14-3-3 family of adaptor proteins are known to bind to MDM2 and the 14-3-3σ isoform controls MDM2 cellular localisation and stability to inhibit its ac...
Article
Full-text available
Misfolded glycoprotein recognition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention are mediated by the ER glycoprotein folding quality control (ERQC) checkpoint enzyme, UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). UGGT modulation is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum antivirals, rescue-of-secretion therapy in rare disease caused by responsive...
Preprint
Full-text available
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of mis-folded glycoproteins is mediated by the ER- localised eukaryotic glycoprotein secretion checkpoint, UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyl-transferase (UGGT). The enzyme recognises a mis-folded glycoprotein and flags it for ER retention by reglucosylating one of its N-linked glycans. In the background of a con...
Article
Full-text available
Next-generation Trop-2-targeted therapy against advanced cancers is hampered by expression of Trop-2 in normal tissues. We discovered that Trop-2 undergoes proteolytic activation by ADAM10 in cancer cells, leading to the exposure of a previously inaccessible protein groove flanked by two N-glycosylation sites. We designed a recognition strategy for...
Article
Full-text available
We report about the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to chronic and temporary Cd2+ stress, and the Cd2+ induced activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Cd2+-induced UPR proceeds mainly through the bZIP60 arm, which in turn activates relevant ER stress marker genes such as BiP3, CNX, PDI5 and ERdj3B in a concentration- (chronic...
Article
Full-text available
None of the current data processing pipelines for X-ray crystallography fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) consults all the information available when deciding on the lattice and symmetry (i.e., the polymorph) of each soaked crystal. Often, X-ray crystallography FBLD pipelines either choose the polymorph based on cell volume and point-group symme...
Article
Full-text available
Fusarium endophytes damage cereal crops and contaminate produce with mycotoxins. Those fungi overcome the main chemical defence of host via detoxification by a malonyl‐CoA‐dependent enzyme homologous to xenobiotic metabolizing arylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT). In Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis, GIBMO), this N‐malony...
Preprint
Full-text available
We report about the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to chronic and temporary Cd2+ stress, and the Cd2+ induced activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Cd2+-induced UPR proceeds mainly through the bZIP60 arm, which in turn activates relevant ER stress marker genes such as BiP3, CNX, PDI5 and ERdj3B in a concentration- (chronic...
Article
Full-text available
N-chloro-N'-(p-fluorophenyl)-benzamidine (NCLBA) is a N–halamine derivative which can easily release chlorine, for example when stimulated by high-energy photons. Despite the rich chemistry performed by N–halamines, the chemical properties of the N–Cl bond are poorly investigated. In this work, we determine the accurate charge density distribution...
Preprint
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) glycoprotein folding Quality Control (ERQC) machinery aids folding of glycoproteins in the ER. Misfolded glycoprotein recognition and ER-retention is mediated by the ERQC checkpoint enzyme, the 170 kDa UDP-Glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). UGGT modulation is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum antiv...
Article
Misfolded glycoprotein recognition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention are mediated by the ER glycoprotein folding quality control (ERQC) checkpoint enzyme, UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). UGGT modulation is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum antivirals, rescue-of-secretion therapy in rare disease caused by responsive...
Article
Full-text available
Macromolecular refinement is an optimization process that aims to produce the most likely macromolecular structural model in the light of experimental data. As such, macromolecular refinement is one of the most complex optimization problems in wide use. Macromolecular refinement programs have to deal with the complex relationship between the parame...
Article
Full-text available
14-3-3 proteins are an important family of hub proteins that play important roles in many cellular processes via a large network of interactions with partner proteins. Many of these protein-protein interactions (PPI) are implicated in human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The stabilisation of selected 14-3-3 PPIs using drug-like 'mol...
Article
Full-text available
The experimental electron density distribution (EDD) of 1-methyluracil (1-MUR) was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments at 23 K. Four different structural models fitting an extensive set of XRD data to a resolution of (sinθ/λ)max = 1.143 Å −1 are compared. Two of the models include anharmonic temperature factors, whose inc...
Article
Full-text available
Background: The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) is the central enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Members of the 6PGDH family belong to different classes: either homodimeric enzymes assembled from long-chain subunits or homotetrameric ones assembled from short-chain subunits. Dimeric 6PGDHs bear an internal duplicati...
Article
Full-text available
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) flags misfolded glycoproteins for ER retention. We report crystal structures of full-length Chaetomium thermophilum UGGT (CtUGGT), two CtUGGT double-cysteine mutants, and its TRXL2 domain truncation (CtUGGT-ΔTRXL2). CtUGGT molecular dynamics (MD) simulations capture extended conformations and reve...
Article
Full-text available
Multipolar refinements of structural models fitting extensive sets of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from single crystals of 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)squaraine [SQ, C8H12N2O2] and its dihydrate [SQDH, C8H12N2O2•2H2O], collected at very low T (18 ± 1 K for SQ, 20 ± 1 K for SQDH), led to an accurate description of their crystal electron density distributi...
Article
Full-text available
Background : n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the NAD ⁺ -dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate and its reverse reaction in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Methods : Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( Hs GAPDH) h...
Article
Full-text available
Background : n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the reversible NAD ⁺ -dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Methods : Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( Hs GAPDH) have been...
Article
Influenza and dengue viruses present a growing global threat to public health. Both viruses depend on the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein folding pathway. In 2014, Sadat et al. reported two siblings with a rare genetic defect in ER alpha-glucosidase I (ER Glu I) who showed resistance to viral infections, identifying ER Glu I as a key a...
Preprint
Full-text available
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) is the only known glycoprotein folding quality control checkpoint in the eukaryotic glycoprotein secretory pathway. When the enzyme detects a misfolded glycoprotein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), it dispatches it for ER retention by re-glucosylating it on one of its N-linked glycans. Recent cr...
Article
Full-text available
Endoplasmic reticulum glycoprotein folding quality control (ERQC) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) preside over cellular glycoprotein secretion and maintain steady glycoproteostasis. When cells turn malignant, cancer cell plasticity is affected and supported either by point mutations, preferential isoform selection, altered expression levels, o...
Article
Full-text available
Plants offer a simpler and cheaper alternative to mammalian animal models for the study of endoplasmic reticulum glycoprotein folding quality control (ERQC). In particular, the Arabidopsis thaliana (At) innate immune response to bacterial peptides provides an easy means of assaying ERQC function in vivo. A number of mutants that are useful to study...
Preprint
Full-text available
Plants offer a simpler and cheaper alternative to mammalian animal models for the study of Endoplasmic Reticulum glycoprotein folding Quality Control (ERQC). In particular, the Arabidopsis thaliana (At) innate immune response to bacterial peptides provides an easy means of assaying ERQC function in vivo. A number of mutants that are useful to study...
Article
Full-text available
DNA Time is a poetry experiment conducted by two poets, Sue Dymoke and Pietro Roversi. Sue Dymoke, a poetry educator and researcher at the University of Leicester, has a family history of breast cancer. Pietro Roversi is a structural biologist who works at the Leicester Institute of Chemical and Structural Biology (LISCB) at the University of Leice...
Article
Full-text available
Small molecule modulators of the Endoplasmic Reticulum glycoprotein folding quality control (ERQC) machinery have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a number of enveloped viruses and have the potential to rescue secretion of misfolded but active glycoproteins in rare diseases. In vivo assays of candidate inhibitors in mammals are expensive a...
Chapter
Targeting the host-cell endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) pathway is an effective broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. The two ER resident α-glucosidases whose sequential action permits entry in this pathway are the targets of glucomimetic inhibitors. Knowledge of the molecular details of the ER α-glucosidase II (α-Glu II) structure was li...
Article
Full-text available
Two crystal structures of Japanin, an 18 kDa immune-modulatory lipocalin from the Brown Ear Tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus), have been determined at 2.2 and 2.4 Å resolution. In both crystal forms the protein is in complex with cholesterol, which sits in a closed pocket at the centre of the lipocalin barrel. Both crystal forms are dimers, which...
Article
The functional and biological significance of the selected CASP12 targets are described by the authors of the structures. The crystallographers discuss the most interesting structural features of the target proteins and assess whether these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to the CASP12 experiment. This article is pro...
Article
The possible occurrence of static/dynamic disorder at the Mg site in pyrope (Mg 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 ), with or without anharmonic contribution to the thermal vibrations even at low temperatures, has been largely debated but conclusions were contrasting. Here a report is given on the experimental charge density distribution, ρ EXP , of synthetic pyrope...
Article
Full-text available
The possible occurrence of static/dynamic disorder at the Mg site in pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12), with or without anharmonic contribution to the thermal vibrations even at low temperatures, has been largely debated but conclusions were contrasting. Here a report is given on the experimental charge density distribution, ρEXP, of synthetic pyrope at T = 30...
Article
Significance A dedicated endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) machinery ensures the correct fold of secreted proteins bearing N-linked glycans, which constitute around a fifth of the whole proteome and are essential for many important cellular processes such as signaling, immunity, adhesion, transport, and metabolism. UDP-glucose:glycoprote...
Article
Full-text available
Since their initial characterization over 30 years ago, it has been believed that the archaeal B-family DNA polymerases are single-subunit enzymes. This contrasts with the multi-subunit B-family replicative polymerases of eukaryotes. Here we reveal that the highly studied PolB1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus exists as a heterotrimeric complex in cell...
Data
Supplementary figures, supplementary tables and supplementary references.
Data
Crosslinks detected by mass spectrometry. Gel band "lower" is the ~25 kDa species containing PBP1 and PBP2 and "upper" is the crosslinked holoenzyme.
Article
Full-text available
Charge density studies utilise a multipolar expansion of the atomic density (and the associated atomic scattering factor) in order to model asphericity. Contributions of the individual multipoles to the atomic density are then refined as multipole population coefficients. Refinement of these coefficients pertaining to odd-order multipoles that are...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Most pathogenic enveloped viruses crucially depend on the quality control (QC) machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host cell. ERQC inhibitors therefore have the double potential benefit of targeting a wide variety of viruses (“broad-spectrum antivirals”) without the risk of losing efficacy due to escape mutations in the...
Article
Full-text available
Latrophilin adhesion-GPCRs (Lphn1-3 or ADGRL1-3) and Unc5 cell guidance receptors (Unc5A-D) interact with FLRT proteins (FLRT1-3), thereby promoting cell adhesion and repulsion, respectively. How the three proteins interact and function simultaneously is poorly understood. We show that Unc5D interacts with FLRT2 in cis, controlling cell adhesion in...
Data
Supplementary Figures 1-7, Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Reference.
Article
Full-text available
Latrophilins, receptors for spider venom α-latrotoxin, are adhesion type G-protein-coupled receptors with emerging functions in synapse development. The N-terminal region binds the endogenous cell adhesion molecule FLRT, a major regulator of cortical and synapse development. We present crystallographic data for the mouse Latrophilin3 lectin and olf...
Article
Full-text available
Melanization contriButes to arthropod-specific innate immunity through deposition of melanin at wound sites or around parasites, with concomitant release of microBicidal reactive oxygen species. Melanization requires sequential activation of proteolytic enzymes in the hemolymph, including the final enzyme pro-phenoloxidase. Black cells (Bc) is a mu...
Article
Full-text available
Alkaline phosphatases play a crucial role in phosphate acquisition by microorganisms. To expand our understanding of catalysis by this class of enzymes, we have determined the structure of the widely occurring microbial alkaline phosphatase PhoX. The enzyme contains a complex active-site cofactor comprising two antiferromagnetically coupled ferric...
Article
Full-text available
It has recently been shown that the biosynthetic route for both the d1 -haem cofactor of dissimilatory cd1 nitrite reductases and haem, via the novel alternative-haem-synthesis pathway, involves siroheme as an intermediate, which was previously thought to occur only as a cofactor in assimilatory sulphite/nitrite reductases. In many denitrifiers (wh...
Article
Full-text available
An introduction to the proceedings of the CCP4 Study Weekend held at the East Midlands Conference Centre of the University of Nottingham, England, in January 2013.
Article
Full-text available
The electron paramagnetic resonance technique of double electron-electron resonance (DEER) was used to measure nanometre-scale distances between nitroxide spin labels attached to the complement regulatory protein CD55 (also known as decay accelerating factor) and the von Willebrand factor A (vWF-A) domain of factor B. Following a thorough assessmen...
Article
Full-text available
Molecules that simultaneously inhibit independent or co-dependent proinflammatory pathways may have advantages over conventional monotherapeutics. OmCI is a bifunctional protein derived from blood-feeding ticks that specifically prevents complement (C)-mediated C5 activation and also sequesters leukotriene B4 (LTB4) within an internal binding pocke...
Article
Full-text available
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are bacterial membrane-embedded nanomachines designed to export specifically targeted proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. Secretion through T3SS is governed by a subset of inner membrane proteins termed the 'export apparatus'. We show that a key member of the Shigella flexneri export apparatus, MxiA, assembles...
Article
Full-text available
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is one of two general protein transport systems found in the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane and is conserved in the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts. The defining, and highly unusual, property of the Tat pathway is that it transports folded proteins, a task that must be achieved without allowi...