Pierre Mugabo

University of the Western Cape | uwc · School of Pharmacy

Background and Objective Vancomycin is often used in the ICU for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infection. In critically ill children, there are pathophysiologic changes that affect the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. A systematic review of vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill children was performed.Methods P...

Introduction Ethionamide is part of the drug‐resistant tuberculosis regimen whose pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) information is limited. The aim of the study was to describe the PK and simulate doses to assess PD attainment. Methods This was an observational population PK study of patients admitted for drug‐resistant tuberculosis at...

Background The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, a drug used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), varies between paediatric and adult patients.Objective The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in preterm neonates and determine the optimum dose regimen.Methods This was a randomis...

Background: The National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) uses the phenotypic drug susceptibility test and the line probe assay for isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), a qualitative drug sensitivity test (DST) method, to determine anti-tuberculosis drugs DST. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is hetero�geneous. It involves low, moderate and high...

Background and objectives The dosing of cycloserine and terizidone is the same, as both drugs are considered equivalent or used interchangeably. Nevertheless, it is not certain from the literature that these drugs are interchangeable. Therefore, the amount of cycloserine resulting from the metabolism of terizidone and the relationship with hepatic...

Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in children aged 1 month to 16 years

Aims Despite terizidone being part of the second‐line recommended drugs for treatment of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB), information on its pharmacokinetics is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the steady‐state population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of terizidone and its primary metabolite cycloserine in patients with DR‐TB and determin...

A simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the analysis of cycloserine in patients' plasma. Using methanol, cyloserine and propranolol (internal standard (IS)) was extracted from plasma by protein precipitation procedure. The chromatographic separation was succ...

Background and Objectives Pyrazinamide, a drug used in the regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis, is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and its major metabolite, pyrazinoic acid, in patients with MDR-TB and characterise the...

Objective: To find out if HIV- infection affects the time to sputum culture conversion during the treatment of drug- resistant(DR) tuberculosis (TB). Methods: The study involved patients admitted for DR-TB treatment between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015 at Brewelskloof Hospital (South Africa). Patients with culture- con�firmed DR-TB were trea...

The first chromatographic method (HPLC‐UV) has been developed and validated for analysis of terizidone in plasma. Terizidone was extracted from plasma by protein precipitation process using a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (1:1, v/v). The chromatographic separation was achieved with a gradient of acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% fo...

The SAMRC brought key stakeholders representing all nine faculties of health sciences at South African universities together on 08 February 2017 at the SAMRC Medicina Campus, Cape Town, to explore opportunities for conducting local research and clinical trials of medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids to inform local policy-making. The workshop identi...

Terizidone is one of the recommended drugs and part of the second-line multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) regimen with poorly described pharmacokinetics in literature. It is made up of two molecules of cycloserine joined by a molecule of terephtalaldehyde. Terizidone is thought to undergo complete pre-systemic hydrolysis into cycloserine. T...

Purpose: To determine whether protease inhibitors (PIs) cause hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, and to assess the influence of sex and age on serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and the level of adherence to therapeutic laboratory monitoring guidelines in HIV positive patients in the Eastern Health District, South Af...

Purpose: To assess the effect of the crude methanol leaf extracts of Tulbaghia violacea William Henry Harvey (Alliaceae) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in ageing normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), and compare the results obtained with those for adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: T. violacea (5 – 150 mg/kg) and/or vehic...

The aim of this study was to find out whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and antiretroviral drugs influence multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. The study compares MDR-TB treatment outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. It involved patients admitted for treatment of MDR-TB between 1 Jan...

Tulbaghia violacea William Henry Harvey (Harv. Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb belonging to the family Alliaceae. It is used in South Africa to treat fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, and hypertension. Meanwhile, cardiovascular disease accounts for about 30% of total global death, with most of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income count...

Purpose: The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine kanamycin plasma concentrations using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), (2) to investigate kanamycin pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), (3) to find out whether HIV infection, kidney dysfunction and antiretroviral d...

Hippadine is an alkaloid isolated from Crinum macowanii. Crinum macowanii is used in South Africa to treat oedema, ‘heart disease’, rheumatic fever, cancer and skin diseases, and belongs to the plant family Amaryllidaceae, assumed to have originated in the South African region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hippadine, an alkal...

Asystasia gangentica (A. gangetica) belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is used to treat hypertension, rheumatism, asthma, diabetes mellitus, and as an anthelmintic in South Africa, India, Cameroun, Nigeria, and Kenya respectively. It has also been reported to inhibit the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in-vitro. Therefore, the aim of this...

Background Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is used to treat various ailments, including hypertension (HTN) in South Africa. This study aims to evaluate the contributions of muscarinic receptors and changes in plasma aldosterone levels to its anti-hypertensive effect. Methods In the acute experiments, methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violace...

Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa, this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to e...

Leonotis leonurus (L. leonurus) R. Br. (Lamiaceae) is used by healers in South Africa. The present study was conducted to determine if the L. leonurus effect on isolated rat heart is due to ionic changes in the perfusion fluid. Isolated rat hearts were perfused after Langendorff at 74 mmHg with modified Krebs–Henseleit buffer (K-H) and three test s...

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and in patients with PTB and HIV during the first 24 h of treatment. Methods: Designed a case-control study, it compares the pharmacokinetics of first line antituberculous drugs, in HIV-positive (cases) and H...

No pharmacokinetic data exist for premature infants receiving single-dose nevirapine (sd NVP) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. To describe NVP decay pharmacokinetics in two groups of premature infants - those whose mothers either received or did not receive NVP during labour. Infants less than 37 weeks' gestation were p...

A new diterpenoid, (13S)-9 alpha, 13 alpha-epoxylabda-6 beta(19), 15(14) diol dilactone (1), was isolated from Leonotis leonurus and the structure determined via NMR analysis. The compound causes significant changes in blood pressure of anaesthetized normotensive rats and exhibits a negative chronotropic effect.

A novel labdane diterpenoid, leonurun, has been isolated from the leaves of Leonotis leonurus. This structure was determined from spectroscopic data and the relative stereochemistry from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known risk factors for HIV infection. The goal of this study was to assess the current and potential future role that community pharmacists in Western Cape, South Africa play in the treatment of STIs. A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists in the Western Cape region of South Africa. A face-to-fa...

We report the case of a type B lymphoma originating from the mediastinum, characterized principally by massive metastatic invasion of the right cardiac cavities in the form of a projecting mass well visualized at echography responsible of the presenting features of the illness. This lymphoma was, moreover, associated with an auto-immune haemolytic...

We report an unusual evolution of heterozygous Fabry’s disease. Progressive renal failure occurred in a 45-year-old woman. Endstage renal failure in the fourties is usually observed in hemizygous male patients with Fabry’s disease but is unexpected in heterozygous females. In the present case, tuberculosis induced unilateral hydronephrosis was also...

Tetradenia riparia is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Rwanda. Previously, several new substances have been isolated from the leaves, including a new diterpenediol, i.e. 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-7α,18-diol. This new diterpenediol exhibits a papaverine-like antispasmodic activity on the contractions of the guinea pig ileum provoked b...

The β‐blocking effect of 4 β‐adrenoceptor antagonists with different pharmacokinetic properties was studied after intravenous and intraportal administration to control rats and to rats with experimental inflammation. In rats with inflammation the effects of propranolol and oxprenolol, which are mainly bound to α‐acid glycoprotein (α 1 ‐AGP), were s...