Pierre Alexis Geoffroy

Objectives: To examine (i) the frequency of different sleep complaints (early wake-up, trouble falling asleep, hypersomnia) and their co-occurrence and (ii) the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity associated with each type of sleep profiles. Methods: Data were drawn from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoho...

The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), by Rosenthal et al. (1984), is by far the most used questionnaire to evaluate seasonal effects on mood and behavior. It includes a general seasonality score (GSS), composed of 6 items, from which cutoffs have been established to screen for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). However, it has never...

Objective: To examine the role of chronobiological dysrhythmicity in suicidal ideation and behaviors and its relation with hopelessness. Methods: One hundred twenty-seven patients (77 females, mean age of 47.4 ± 12.5 years) with a major depressive episode and bipolar disorder (BD) type I or II (according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-...

Prior research suggests that sleep disturbances are associated with increased risk of suicide. However, sleep disturbances are associated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders, and it is unknown whether this association is independent of psychopathology. In a large nationally representative prospective survey, the National Epidemiologic Survey...

Background: Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, but assessing sleep architecture and quality is often costly and time-consuming, relying primarily on polysomnography (PSG). Wearable and nearable devices offer potential alternatives, but they regularly lack rigorous validation, especially in real-world settings. Objectives: This st...

BACKGROUND Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, but assessing sleep architecture and quality is often costly and time-consuming, relying primarily on polysomnography (PSG). Wearable and nearable devices offer potential alternatives, but they regularly lack rigorous validation, especially in real-world settings. OBJECTIVE This stud...

Background The rate of suicide attempts by patients with bipolar disorder is high. In addition to patient and country specific factors, environmental factors may contribute to suicidal behavior. Sunlight has multiple diverse impacts on human physiology and behavior. Solar insolation is defined as the electromagnetic energy from the sun striking a s...

BACKGROUND Chronic insomnia, or insomnia disorder, is a major health issue with a prevalence of up to 15%. The recommended first-line treatment is cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi), which, unfortunately, remains insufficiently accessible. Digitalization has the potential to reduce healthcare access inequalities by offering more f...

Background Assessing the risk of subsequent self-harm after hospitalisation for COVID-19 is critical for mental health care planning during and after the pandemic. Aims This study aims to compare the risk of admission to hospital for self-harm within 12 months following a COVID-19 hospitalisation during the first half of 2020, with the risk follow...

Background and objectives Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent and disabling neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent research on cerebral blood flow (CBF) has enhanced understanding of the underlying pathophysiology in neuropsychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature o...

Clozapine is effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia but with adverse effects including sedation. Excessive daytime sleepiness, a symptom of hypersomnolence, is the most frequently reported subjective side-effect. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the literature evaluating the impact of clozapine on the objective assessment...

Objective Insomnia can be a contributing factor, a comorbid disorder, or a transdiagnostic element to several mental disorders, including mood disorders (MDs). A recent meta-analysis has already shown the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for insomnia that is comorbid with MDs. This work aimed to systematically review data on ph...

Introduction: Suicide is a widespread problem, with risk factors still a challenge. The aim was to assess correlations among insomnia, circadian rhythm, and inflammatory markers in individuals who attempted suicide. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients hospitalised following an attempted suicide, were assessed. Psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-...

This exploratory study aimed to investigate the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and quality of consciousness in individuals with insomnia disorder, in order to understand how the modulation of internal states may contribute to modifying the experience of consciousness during sleep difficulties. A total of 37 patients with insomnia di...

Hypersomnia spectrum disorders are underdiagnosed and poorly treated due to their heterogeneity and absence of biomarkers. The electroretinography has been proposed as a proxy of central dysfunction and has proved to be valuable to differentiate certain psychiatric disorders. Hypersomnolence is a shared core feature in central hypersomnia and psych...

Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of emotional regulation impairment in the progression of depressive and insomnia disorders, individually. Nevertheless, to date, no study has undertaken a direct comparison of the emotional profiles in individuals experiencing insomnia with or without major depressive episode (MDE). In this study,...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequent and responsible for cardiovascular complications and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is underdiagnosed due to the difficulty to access the gold standard for diagnosis, polysomnography (PSG). Alternative methods using smartphone sensors could be useful to increase diagnosis. The objective is to assess the p...

Sleep trackers are used widely by patients with sleep complaints, however their metrological validation is often poor and relies on healthy subjects. We assessed the metrological validity of two commercially available sleep trackers (Withings Activité/Fitbit Alta HR) through a prospective observational monocentric study, in adult patients referred...

Purpose of Review Mood disorders tend to be recurrent, chronic, and disabling, caused by a complex interplay of factors. Within this context, sleep, which is crucial for mental health, may contribute to mental disorders, including mood disorders. Sleep disturbances can serve as risk factors for the onset, exacerbation, and relapse of mood disorders...

Digital therapeutic programs are emerging almost daily, offering the potential to reduce healthcare access inequalities by providing more flexible and accessible care options. However, as with traditional healthcare, the issue of patient engagement is fundamental, and the latest research have reported that fewer than 30% of users complete these pro...

Background: One of the challenges in bipolar disorder (BD) lies in early detection of the illness and its recurrences, to improve prognosis. Sleep disturbances (SD) have been proposed as reliable predictive markers of conversion. While preliminary studies have explored the relationship between SD and the onset of mood episodes, the results remain...

Purpose of Review Insomnia can act as a precipitating factor, a comorbid disorder, or a transdiagnostic element for many mental disorders. The stress system’s hyperactivation has been identified as the key factor in insomnia that contributes to mental disorders. It is possible that insomnia may utilize the orexinergic pathway as a link with psychop...

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) values collected from over 1.9 million measurements using Withings Body Scan and Body Comp scales. Aimed at establishing normative values for ESC, this research incorporates a large, global dataset to explore the influence of age, sex, and circadian and seasonal...

Purpose of Review Nightmares, vivid and distressing dreams leading to arousal, can significantly impact sleep and daytime functioning. Nightmare disorder can occur with or without psychiatric disorders and with or without a traumatic event. Effective management of nightmares is crucial not only for nightmare disorder but also to prevent the worseni...

Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures wher...

In this study, we investigated the potential of electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) measurements gathered from home-based devices to detect circadian-like patterns. We analyzed data from 43,284 individuals using the Withings Body Comp or Body Scan scales, which provide ESC measurements. Our results highlighted a circadian pattern of ESC values a...

This psychometric pilot study aims to evaluate a new multidimensional simple scale, named the nightmare severity index (NSI) – close to the existing insomnia (ISI) and hypersomnia (HSI) severity indexes. The NSI encompasses all main dimensions of nightmare disorder, evaluating four subdimensions: frequency, emotional impact, diurnal impact, and noc...

Unlabelled: The non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD) is a rare condition, sometimes associated with blindness or with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions, resulting in a free-running rhythm or hypernycthemeral syndrome. Synchronizers, such as light, when light perception remains, melatonin, food intakes, physical activity, social interactions, and...

Insomnia disorder is a mental disorder that includes various types of symptoms (e.g., insomnia initiating, worries, mood disturbances) and impairments (e.g., distress related to sleep alterations). Self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing insomnia but no systematic quantified analysis of their content and overlap has been...

Background The interaction between smoking and sleep seems appears to be bidirectional, but few studies evaluated the impact of smoking and its cessation on objective sleep parameters. In this context, this new study aimed to assess the impact of smoking and its cessation on sleep architecture and on ventilatory sleep parameters, particularly the p...

COVID-19, like other infectious diseases, may be a risk factor for psychotic disorders. We aimed to compare the proportions of hospitalizations for psychotic disorders in the 12 months following discharge from hospital for either COVID-19 or for another reason in the adult general population in France during the first wave of the pandemic. We condu...

Introduction Sleep and circadian markers are of increasingly growing interest to help better predicting suicide. Indeed, specific sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders have been associated to suicidal behaviors, and the most replicated findings are insomnia and nightmares. Nevertheless, these interesting preliminary studies did not examine...

Suicidal risk in mothers is a public health priority. Risk factors include biological, psychological and psychosocial factors. Among the biological factors, the role of sleep disturbances as potential contributors to increased suicidal risk during the peripartum period is becoming apparent. To explore this further, we conducted a systematic review...

Melatonin has gained growing interest as a treatment of insomnia, despite contradictory findings, and a low level of evidence. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA criteria, to assess the efficacy of melatonin and ramelteon compared with placebo on sleep quantity and quality in insomnia disorder, while also consideri...

Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investi...

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has heterogeneous manifestations, leading to difficulties in predicting the evolution of the disease and in patient's follow-up. We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm that identifies a biosignature to provide a clinical score of depressive symptoms using individual physiological data. We performed a prospe...

Close relationships have been reported between sleep alterations and suicidal behaviors, nevertheless few studies used objective measures of sleep. Such objective markers would be interesting in clinical practice to better screen and prevent suicide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies examining the relationship...

In the management of insomnia, physicians and patients are seeking alternative therapeutics to sleeping pills, in addition to sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioural therapy. Bright light therapy (LT) has proven its efficacy in circadian and mood disorders. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis according to Cochrane and PRIS...

Idiopathic hypersomnia is poorly diagnosed in the absence of biomarkers to distinguish it from other central hypersomnia subtypes. Given that light plays a main role in the regulation of sleep and wake, we explored the retinal melanopsin-based pupil response in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1, and healthy subjects. Twenty...

Insomnia and its opposite hypersomnia are part of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no study has investigated whether the postulated sleep alterations in clinical subtypes of MDD are reflected in polysomnography (PSG)-derived objective sleep measures. The objective of this study was to establish associations betw...

Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders...

Sleep and immunity have bidirectional relationships. In this chapter, we review the links between sleep and immunity, focusing on immune changes occurring in the insomnia disorder. During physiological sleep, there is a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) and a decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). Examina...

Insomnia is a stress-related sleep disorder conceptualised within a diathesis-stress framework, which it is thought to result from predisposing factors interacting with precipitating stressful events that trigger the development of insomnia. Among predisposing factors genetics and epigenetics may play a role. A systematic review of the current evid...

Objectif Chez l’homme, la lumière a un effet éveillant grâce à la mélanopsine, photopigment rétinien sensible à la lumière bleue. Récemment, nous avons montré que l’hypersomnie idiopathique (HI) à temps total de sommeil (TTS) allongé était associée à une altération de la réponse pupillaire mélanopsinergique, mesurée par la réponse pupillaire post-i...

Objectif L’électrorétinogramme (ERG), proposé comme proxy de dysfonctionnements centraux, a permis d’identifier des biomarqueurs spécifiques de troubles notamment psychiatriques. L’absence de biomarqueurs de certaines hypersomnies centrales rend difficile leur différenciation et leur prise en charge. Ainsi, nous avons étudié et comparé la réponse E...

Burnout is frequent among healthcare workers, and sleep problems are suspected risk factors. The sleep health framework provides a new approach to the promotion of sleep as a health benefit. The aim of this study was to assess good sleep health in a large sample of healthcare workers and to investigate its relationship with the absence of burnout a...

COVID-19, like other infectious diseases, may be a risk factor for a first episode of psychosis or psychotic relapse. We aimed to compare the proportions of hospitalizations for psychotic disorders in the 12 months following discharge from hospital for either COVID-19 or for another reason in the adult general population in France during the first...

Non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder is quite rare in sighted patients and frequently associated with psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 46-year-old man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and agoraphobia who had been referred for a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnography and arterial blood gas confirmed mod...

Insomnia disorder is considered as a stress-related disorder associated with hyperarousal, stress and emotion dysregulation and the instability of the 'flip-flop' switch system. The orexinergic system is well known for its key role in sleep and arousal processes but also in the allostatic system regulating stress and emotions and may thus be of maj...

Background: Patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are at risk of suicide. Sleep and circadian rhythm alterations are widely recognized as core symptoms of major depressive disorder and are associated with suicidal ideation. Thus, sleep and circadian rhythm alterations may be targeted to prevent suicide. Methods: Patients w...

Sleep disorders are defined on the basis of diagnostic criteria presented in medical classifications. However, no consensus has emerged on the exact list of operational symptoms that should be systematically investigated in the field of sleep medicine. We propose a systematic analysis of sleep symptoms that figure in a set of self-reported multiple...

The global covid-19 pandemic has imposed radical changes in daily lives. This study reflects upon sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (sleep-wake rhythm, psychiatric symptoms, and alcohol use behavior) during the full lockdown, comparing individuals who increased their alcohol use (iAU), those who maintained a stable use (sAU), and those...

Objective: Sleep alterations have been suggested as a cause and consequence of psychiatric disorders. In this context, we evaluated the incidence of psychiatric disorders following sleep complaints in adults with major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: In a large, nationally representative 3-year prospective survey, the National Epidemiologic Surv...

Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered the most reliable circadian phase marker in humans. However, the methods to calculate it are diverse, which limits the comparability between studies. Given the key role of DLMO to diagnose circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and determine the optimal timing of chronotherapies, the establishment of cl...

Objective: Nightmares seem to predict suicidal behaviors, and the aim of this study is to explore the chronology and trajectories of alterations in dream contents before a suicidal crisis, distinguishing 3 different experiences: bad dreams, nightmares, and suicidal scenarios during dreams. Methods: This naturalistic study included individuals hospi...

Background and objectives: Nitrous oxide (N2 O) has euphoric properties, which are associated with an alarming increasing misuse. A lack of data exists regarding medical students. The objectives are: (i) evaluate the prevalence of N2 O use and N2 O use disorder (NUD) among French medical students, (ii) assess whether education about addictions has...

Objectives: Despite international efforts to identify biomarkers of depression, none has been transferred to clinical practice, neither for diagnosis, evolution, nor therapeutic response. This led us to build a French national cohort (through the clinical and research network named SoPsy within the French biological psychiatry society (AFPBN) and...

Insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder and a public health concern that increased during the Covid 19 pandemic. Fully restrictive lockdowns during Covid are interesting periods to examine the impact of environmental and behavioural changes on the emergence of insomnia symptoms. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to (1) determine the main...

Purpose: Women with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) might be particularly vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities. However, population surveys have yielded disparate findings. We used data from the French Mental Health in the General Population survey to investigate gender-related risks of psychiatric comorbidities associated with AUD. Methods: A cross-...

Background and objectives Early detection of psychiatric disorders in general hospital settings could facilitate a systematic assessment of anxiety and depression, and lessen their non-detection, misdiagnoses and subsequent negative impacts. We built a new short screening tool with simple Yes/No questions on anxiety and depression and examined its...