Philippos Afxentiou

Fascism as a political ideology is well defined however it is also a social organization system where there is increased authority and lack of tolerance to differences from the hierarchically higher heads, be it family heads or state heads, workplace heads etc. These are interesting facets of it because they reflect social organization norms that still exist or inspire identification with from a percentage of the populate.

Fascism been studied or analyzed but not adequately in my opinion as some of its primitive concepts and principles, like the uniformity, has not been studied in depth.

For example, fascism in the family level may prevent individuals from "dream-like" pursuits because there is a collapse of uniformity principle which is thought as a pillar of robust organization and thus a cause of chaos.

The criterion for this is what "the majority of others" preferences i.e. dream-like pursuits that are reflecting non individual values i.e. taking more sick leave absences than the majority because of increased perceived benefits.

The criterion for this is what "the majority of others" preferences i.e. dream-like pursuits that are reflecting non individual values.ties.

It is the basis of discrimination at the personal level and may be extremely sharp at the family organization level i.e. if one member of family or small community of group of families decides to promote a very polarizing preference i.e. buy a retired small airplane and exhibit it in his backyard he would be penalized by the "social police" in the same way he will if he paints his hair green.

Fascism is a political and social organizational principle and ideology based on the primacy of ethnic traits, ambition and superiority, the later of greater measure as one goes higher in governance, social and professional hierarchy.

Friendship is a social institution. In normal societies having 2 friends that one shares weekly moments in coffee shops or shopping sprees is a sign of personal developmental health.

However in fascism ideology friendship may be considered a sin since it intervenes in the principles of forbiding social organization and assemblies other than the fascist-nature ones and is thus a threat to the social organization. The same goes for lower scales, even in families because friendships removes from the patriarch the control of thought of his "inferiors" since via assemblies with other individuals and activities they may threaten his dominance and ideological/mentoring guidance.

Ambition as a priority downgrades friendship as a "waste of time" and a "socially inferior" pastime, so in fascism ideology possible friendship maybe is a threat to ambition

Superposition concept or assumption and principle enables correlations that match observation and is one of the pillars behind the success of Quantum Mechanics.

However it is also the reason behind unphysical arguments, like the mixed state nature of events or objects which gave rise to the famous Schrodinger Cat paradox.

Despite the later -and partly due to the difficulty of the prospect, no one has ever inquired about alternative ways to create a quantum theory without superposition assumption.

It is possible that new ideas take the place of this principle, which gives rise to the Hilbert Space mathematical representation where these states "live" - so an alternative will not need these representation since no one will need to resolve superimposed states to single ones.

The measurement definition will also need to be revised - these 2, dropping Hilbert spaces, revising measurement definition in QM seem too much for anyone to think of such an alternative framework; but the reality is that this is just a functional framework and no one excludes the possibility that another one can do the job (even though we break the working model too much and would need to reinvent it about 50% due to intricacies of the superposition concept that spreads its many legs, like a hydra or octapus, everywhere in the theory) !

And if we are lucky that one might rid us of the unphysicalities or paradoxes (while making the viable predictions as well) and open new roads for better understanding and comprehension of the quantum world.

Argument: Had the entropy of the Universe been an actual observable, these erroneous estimates for total entropy would have been ruled out by observation alone.

Instead, each of the values S_relativistic and S_BH were revised

when they were discovered to be subdominant in light of new theoretical knowledge

on the composition and the nature of interactions present in the Universe.

Proof: A good example of how entropy is not a measurable quantity can be found in the cosmologists’ evolving understanding of the Universe’s entropy, in recent decades

The first estimates of the (observable) Universe’s entropy date from around 1980

and stemmed from thermodynamics, attributing the bulk of the Universe’s entropy to

the blackbody radiation of the cosmic microwave background, Srelativistic ∼1090, expressed in natural units, G = c = ~ = kB = 1. Some years later the realisation that the

entropy of gravity could not be overlooked in the overall budget led to this value being

revised by Frautschi, and later firmed up by Penrose.

The conclusion is that the formation of supermassive black holes has led the gravitational contribution to today dominate over that from the microwave background by around 15 orders of magnitude, S_BH ∼ 10104

More recently this estimate has had to be revised yet again to account for the fact

that the vacuum energy Λ dominates the Universe’s energy density today, so that the

corresponding entropy that Λ generates at the cosmic horizon has to be considered. It

turns out our previous estimate of the Universe’s entropy due to gravity is wrong yet

again, and altogether negligible when compared to the entropy of the vacuum which

dominates over the gravity value by a further twenty or so orders of magnitude, S_Λ ∼

10124

The point here is, with the example of the evolving understanding of the

Universe’s entropy, illustrates the premise that the estimated entropy for a system is a function of the observer’s knowledge of the system.

1. Biocosmology: Biology from a cosmological

perspective, Marina Cortˆes,1,2 Stuart A. Kauffman

Argument 1: We will never understand life by evolving it from initial conditions, no matter how well we understand the fundamental laws. What is needed to incorporate biology into physics and cosmology is a combination of reductionist and functionalist explanations. Neither alone suffices.

Argument 2. During the roughly 3.8 billion years that life on Earth has taken to evolve to its present state, the Universe has grown and altered significantly. Thus, the methodological arguments should get their relevance from the conspicuous and suggestive fact that the life emerges and evolves on cosmological timescales.

Argument 3: The the number of types of living organism that could exist, even if the Universe were crammed full of life, is vastly smaller than the number of organisms that could be coded in DNA or RNA or catalyzed and built with proteins. The state space is then extraordinary sparsely occupied.

Argument's 2 & 3 Source: Biocosmology: Biology from a cosmological

perspective, Marina Cortˆes, Stuart A. Kauffman

The superposition principle is considered as conceptual landmark of Quantum Mechanics, a basic and a main element conceptual hierarchy of the model but few have considered deeply its relation with measurement. Some insights I share in this post:

If this is the case, superposition is serving first and primarily a function different than the one the classic narrative in physics has us believe and we should research this more in depth.

* Or, are the two different sides of the same coin, to be more philosophically oriented ?

Here, the root of the problem is this: the experimental results take into consideration of the straight line distances travelled by the particles and this in fact leads to the conflict with the theoretical predictions of the Newton‟s formula. If we consider the total distance travelled by the particle, then there won‟t be any anomaly with the Newton‟s force formula as this work suggests.

Another point is that we have to use the particle‟s velocity but, not the wave velocity in order to find the acceleration of the particle under motion, for more details refer to the work [Ref. 2]

So, the point is this: if we use the correct distance and correct velocity of the particle under motion the Newton‟s force formula will certainly give the correct value for the acceleration‟ of the particle under motion. In the following sections we will see how to find the correct values of the distance and the velocity in order to use with the Newton‟s force formula to get error free results

A Kotur points, in order to account for this, it is possible that

"Einstein had invented his concept of „relativistic mass‟; although Einstein‟s concept is wrong, it was addressing the problem in a correct way; due to the unscientific nature of this concept, it has been refined

Newton's ’s Force Formula Works Even at Relativistic Velocities

The Formula Works If Applied Correctly!

Bhargava R. Kotur

AdIn SoftLabs, Chittoor, AP, India

Physics assessment questions can be of many basic forms:

- predictive i.e. what will happen

- comparative prediction i.e. which vessel will have the higher level after release of valve

- explanatory i.e. two cars crash, one with plastic shield. Why this one's driver suffers less concussion

- calculative i.e. calculate the speed, the energy etc

- knowledge and conceptual i.e. false or correct conceptual definitions/statements

- evaluative i.e. is the structure will be stable, evaluate is by applying this force on the pedal the car will be over-speeding and will have to pay a fine

Now most teachers use mixed questions i.e. they start with a knowledge question, follow with a predictive and end up with an explanatory etc.

But is this getting the maximum results, both in success rates and in the learning/ assimilation function of assessment ?

I think not. I think i more "tidy" style, with pure assessment states will help. This is because they are simpler and also this way students stay focused on the aim because it does not change by the end of the question, which is easier, them expending less mental energy and needing less attention to the assesment typw which can be spend on the answering. What do you think ?

The situation in physics these days is so pro-evolution rather than revolution that is seems unlikely we will see the later, especially in the conceptuall realm which has seen its last radical new entries in ...1900s (Einstein) and 19020.. (QM) ..People seem to feel such an awe to established conceptual pillars that they believe they are the ultimate or that only from a reformulation that justifies their functionality as well is this possible (i.e. not from bank paper..)

Worst, no one seems to care so we have no serious analysis (work) about the issue to really stand on solid ground.

On the other hand, this hard to do without risking being rediculed when a glitz in the new conceptualization is found (very possible) so scientists are guarding their fame .. A sad phenomenon .. But I think the most difficult is to get out of the fixed mindset that has prevailed in science of physics (conceptually) and also to have the ingenuity to suggest possible empowering reconceptions tied to current deadlocks ..

These topics Luck conceptual and qualitatitave principles depth necessary for assesing full spectrum physics understanding thus narrowing the criteria and creating false evaluation

Some, including me, argue for the development of new physical concepts to further unify and control physics phenomena[5][6].

I argue that the development of physical quantities is an undervalued scientific practice that contributes to a lack of progress in science[5].

Although new concepts appear see in Einstein's SR, field theory, the practice is thought to be an exception rather than a mainstream practice.

What do you think?

Citations:

[1] STUDENT PROJECTS https://www.ucy.ac.cy/arch/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2021/08/JUCY02_FINALforWEB.pdf

[2] Summary Proceedings https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/display/book/9781557757944/9781557757944.pdf

[3] A Study on the Representation of the Occupation and the ... https://ikee.lib.auth.gr/record/289925/files/dimoulas.pdf

[4] 12th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of ... https://emrbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EuroMed-12-2019.pdf

[5] Developing new physical concepts to further unify& control ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363844157_Developing_new_physical_concepts_to_further_unify_control_physics_phenomena_a_user_guide

[6] Philippos AFXENTIOU | Master of Research https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philippos-Afxentiou-2/2

[7] A Guide To Major Cypriot Sites https://kypseli.ouc.ac.cy/bitstream/handle/11128/1136/Introduction%20to%20the%20History%20of%20Cyprus-Chapter%2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

[8] antonis SAMARAKIS - ΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ ΣΑΜΑΡΑΚΗΣ https://www.culture.gov.gr/DocLib/dgr_ANTONIS_SAMARAKIS_MIA_DIADROMH_STON_20o_AIONA.pdf