Philippe Evon

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• BSc, PhD, HDR
• Research Engineer at École Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques

Several methods are available to characterize the extrudates produced by High Moisture Extrusion‐Cooking, including the Anisotropy Index, spectroscopy and scattering measurements, and microscopy measurements. In this study, a new image analysis method of the fibrous structure of extrudates at the macroscale, divided into two tests: the lamellarity...

Twin-screw extrusion has recently seen its uses extended to the continuous green extraction of biomolecules. Here, it was successfully used for the extraction of antioxidants using subcritical water from two olive co-products, i.e., leaves (OL), and leaves plus branches (OLB). Extraction yields obtained were 52.5 % and 65.6 %, respectively, in prop...

In view of improving the circularity and sustainability of crop production, sunflower by-products were extracted using twin-screw extrusion (TSE) to produce sunflower extract, a plant biostimulant that alleviates plant shoot development under salt stress conditions. The TSE process is a thermo-mechano-chemical pre-treatment method for the separatio...

Over the past few decades, synthetic petroleum-based packaging materials have increased, and the production of plastics has surpassed all other man-made materials due to their versatility. However, the excessive usage of synthetic packaging materials has led to severe environmental and health-related issues due to their nonbiodegradability and thei...

The hot pressing process for 100% coriander-based fiberboards was optimized using an induction RocTool system, which offers rapid mold heating and cooling. The fiberboards were made using deoiled press cake as a protein binder and extrusion-refined straw as reinforcement. Doehlert’s experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of pressure...

Over the past few decades, synthetic petroleum-based packaging materials have increased, and the production of plastics has surpassed all other man-made materials due to their versatility. However, the excessive usage of synthetic packaging materials has led to severe environmental and health-related issues due to their nonbiodegradability and thei...

The hot pressing process for 100% coriander-based fiberboards was optimized using an induction RocTool system, which offers rapid mold heating and cooling. The fiberboards were made with deoiled press cake as a proteic binder and extrusion-refined straw as reinforcement. A Doehlert’s experimental design evaluated the influence of pressure (10-50 MP...

This study was carried out to investigate the continuous aqueous pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) through twin-screw extrusion for a new integrated full valorization, where the solid residue (extrudate) was used for the production of bio-based materials by thermocompression and the filtrate for the production of high-value-added molecules. T...

Cellulosic fibers obtained from Barley straw were utilized to reinforce PHB. Four different processed fibers were employed as reinforcing material: sawdust (SW), defibered (DFBF), delignified (DBF), and bleached (BBF) fibers. The composite was processed from two different perspectives: a discontinuous (bach) and an intensification process (extrusio...

The importance of antioxidants has gained much attention due to the increase in the prevalence of various non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, which occur due to excess reactive species. The widespread use of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry has raised concerns about their potential ha...

The productivity of durum wheat in Mediterranean regions is greatly reduced by water deficits that vary in intensity and time of occurrence. The development of more tolerant cultivars is the main solution for fighting these stresses, but this requires prior study of their mechanisms. The involvement of the root system in drought avoidance is of maj...

This paper deals with the development of bio-based thermal insulation panels from sunflower pith particles, which are an agricultural by-product, in the view to compete with the current petroleum-based counterparts. Sunflower pith is glued to a native starch, then moulded and dried. Three different starchy binders were tested: potato starch, wheat...

Barley straw was used to reinforce PHB in a discontinuous semi-industrial process. Four different fibres were used as reinforcing material : sawdust (SW), defibred (DFBF), delignified (DBF) and bleached (BBF) fibres. Looking at the mechanical properties, onlythe elastic moduli (Et) revealed an improvement. Oppositely, the strengths at break, under...

Sunflower co-products (i.e., stalks and heads) were recently used to create a value chain of sunflower biomass. On the one hand, bioactive ingredients extracted through twin-screw extrusion can be valorized as ecologically friendly agricultural products. On the other hand, in this study, the remaining solid, i.e., the extrudate, was used for obtain...

Over the past few decades, synthetic polymer production has increased, and the production of plastics has surpassed all other man-made materials due to their versatility. Moreover, packaging plastic makes up around 40% of global plastic production. However, the excessive usage of synthetic packaging materials has led to severe environmental and hea...

In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices [...]

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Natural Fiber Based Composites" that was published in Coatings and edited by Dr. Philippe Evon. Dr. Philippe Evon is a Research Engineer at the Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Toulouse INP, France. He specializes in the valorization of wastes and co-products from biomass to produce...

As a novel post-harvesting strategy, edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables offer preservation measures to meet the growing needs of hunger and agricultural management. The functionality of edible films and coatings is distinctly the same. However, edible films and coatings differ in their processing and physicomechanical characteristi...

This work has been realized within the framework of Action No. 4 of the SAVASCO collaborative project (EFA353/19/SAVASCO) co-funded by INTERREG POCTEFA (INTERREG V-A Spain - France - Andorra 2014–2020). This action was carried out between June 2020 and May 2022, and is devoted to the development and characterization of a constructive solution based...

As a novel post-harvesting strategy, edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables offer preservation measures to meet the growing needs of hunger and agricultural management. Albeit edible films and coatings would differ in their processing and physio-mechanical characteristics, but functionality is distinctly the same as they are designed t...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical treatment through twin-screw extrusion for the enhancement of biomethane production. Four lignocellulosic biomasses (i.e., sweetcorn by-products, whole triticale, corn stover and wheat straw) were evaluated, and two different shear stress screw profiles were tested. Chemical composition, partic...

In order to valorize sugarcane bagasse as food packaging, 100% bio-based materials were produced by thermo-compression. The influence of molding conditions and water content of sugarcane bagasse were studied in relation to the density and mechanical properties of materials. Sugarcane bagasse was ground to pass through a 2-mm grid and the particle s...

The coriander press cake is the co-product obtained during the mechanical pressing of the seeds through twin-screw extrusion, a continuous operation that produces a fragrant vegetable oil now used in cosmetics and nutraceuticals. Due to its high protein content (27%), thermoplastic and adhesive properties, and high lignocellulose content (36%), it...

Tomato pomace (TP) has previously been identified as a coproduct that is rich in bioactive molecules, with potential beneficial effects for health. For tomato pomace that is composed of the skin, seeds and fibers, the challenge is to recover the molecules of interest trapped in the biopolymers. The use of deep eutectic solvents to extract metabolit...

SAVASCO est un projet INTERREG V-A Espagne-France-Andorre (POCTEFA 2014-2020), qui vise à structurer une filière de construction innovante et éco-efficiente à base de tiges de maïs et de tournesol. Implantée sur le territoire transpyrénéen, le projet doit permettre de contribuer à la réduction des impacts environnementaux du secteur du bâtiment. Le...

Due to the ever-growing demand for bast fibres for technical and garment textiles, complementary sources to textile flax, whose cultivation in western Europe cannot really be extended, need to be proposed. In this study, the interest in harvesting and processing linseed flax straw is studied for geotextile applications. The main critical stages of...

In recent years, the demand for environmental sustainability has caused a great interest in finding novel polymer materials from natural resources that are both biodegradable and eco-friendly. Natural biodegradable polymers can displace the usage of petroleum-based synthetic polymers due to their renewability, low toxicity, low costs, biocompatibil...

Background: Tomato pomace (TP) is a coproduct generated by the extraction of tomato pulp, and is a potential source of bioactive molecules. In this study, we isolated several fractions from TP and evaluated their biological properties. Materials and methods: TP was treated by maceration at room temperature with green solvents (ethanol, ethyl ace...

Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is a possible alternative to high-nutritional-value crops. Amaranth seeds are considered to be one of the few sources of phytosqualene (up to 8%). The use of squalene and its hydrogenated form squalane in skincare formulations has been steadily increasing, and the demand for these compounds is expected to rise continu...

A survey of plant-based wastes identified sunflower (Helianthus annuus) bark extract (SBE), produced via twin-screw extrusion, as a potential biostimulant. The addition of SBE to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings cultured in vitro showed a dose-dependent response, with high concentrations causing severe growth inhibition. However, when p...

This work compares the performance of pellets for adult Trout obtained in two different processing conditions. The first one consists of adopting the traditional Fish Feed process based on a preconditioning steam treatment step before twin-screw extrusion. The second one was a simplified process based only on a twin-extruder ensuring both the cooki...

Edible oil extraction is a large and well-developed sector based on solvent assisted extraction using volatile organic compounds such as hexane. The extraction of oil from oilseeds generates large volumes of oilseed by-products rich in proteins, fibres, minerals and secondary metabolites that can be valued. This work reviews the current status and...

L'invention concerne un produit pour l'agriculture ainsi que son procédé de fabrication, ledit produit étant solide, délitable et comprenant au moins un ingrédient actif pour l'agriculture et une matrice à base d'une matière d'origine végétale, ladite matrice ayant une teneur en protéines végétales d'au moins 30% en poids par rapport au poids sec d...

This work addresses environmental problems connected with biowaste management, the chemical industry, and agriculture. These sectors of human activity cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the air, climate change, leaching of excess mineral fertilizers applied to soil into ground water, and eutrophication. To mitigate this problem in agriculture,...

Growing concern regarding non-biodegradable plastics and the impact of these materials on the environment has promoted interest in biodegradable plastics. The intensification of separate biowastes collection in most European countries has also contributed to the development of biodegradable plastics, and the subject of their end-of-life is becoming...

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for...

Co-product of sunflower cultivation, pith of stem has a little exploited insulating potential. Blocks in which pith particles are glued together using a starch-based binder have already been obtained. However, they are highly water-sensitive. Replacing this binder with others has been considered here. Polysaccharide-based binders were tested, chose...

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Natural Fiber Based Composites" that was published in Coatings and edited by Dr. Philippe Evon. Dr. EVON is Research Engineer at the Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA). He has the habilitation to supervise researches (HDR). He specializes in the valorization of wastes from biomass to p...

In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices [...]

Linseed flax is a multipurpose crop. It is cultivated for its seeds and particularly for its oil. The main contributors for this crop are Canada, France and Belgium. In general, straws of linseed flax are buried in the fields or burnt. However, these solutions are not good practices for the environment and from an economical point of view. In this...

This research optimised the application of a hexane-methanol mixture as a binary solvent for the concurrent oil-resin extraction and separation from Calophyllum seeds on a pilot scale, in a direct stage. The optimum oil and resin yields were determined by optimising the extraction conditions using response surface methodology and a second order pol...

The present invention relates to plant extracts and their use as biostimulant and biocontrol agent. More specific, the invention provides extracts of plants of the genus Helianthus which are capable of modifying root architecture and stimulate root development in plants. Hence, said extracts can be used to control plant development such as e.g. imp...

This work was conducted to investigate the potential of fibers extracted from linseed flax straw for geotex-tile applications. Four different batches of linseed flax were studied, having different dew retting durations (i.e., from 0 to 14 weeks). Furthermore, a method comprising horizontal breaker rollers, a thresher and then a breaking card was us...

L’invention propose un procédé de fabrication d'un produit composite à base de particules cellulosiques à défibrer (21) et d’un liant thermoplastique (22), au moyen d'une machine d'extrusion (10) comprenant deux vis (11) parallèles engrenant l'une dans l'autre et entraînées en rotation à l'intérieur d'un fourreau allongé (12), chaque vis étant cons...

The main environmental impact of olive oil production is the disposal of residues such as pomace and water vegetation. During the olive oil extraction process, the olive stone is milled and discharged within the olive pomace. However, olive stone flour can be valorized as filler for polymeric composites. A life cycle assessment of the olive pomace...

Des nouveaux panneaux de fibres renouvelables ont été fabriqués par thermo-pression à partir de tourteaux de graines de fenouil résiduelles après extraction de l'huile par la technique d'extrusion mono-vis. En effet, la capacité d'auto-liaison des panneaux est principalement attribuée à la présence de fibres et de protéines présentes dans le tourte...

The use of plant aggregates obtained from agricultural co-products mixed with mineral binders to form eco-friendly insulating building materials has been initiated for a few years to bring environmentally friendly solutions to the construction sector. Several studies on different agro-resources have already been carried out, providing various infor...

Nowadays, amaranth appears as a promising source of squalene of vegetable origin. Amaranth oil is indeed one of the most concentrated vegetable oils in squalene, i.e., up to 6% (w/w). This triterpene is highly appreciated in cosmetology, especially for the formulation of moisturizing creams. It is almost exclusively extracted from the liver of shar...

A versatile twin-screw extrusion process to provide an efficient thermo-mechano-chemical pre-treatment on lignocellulosic biomass before using it as source of mechanical reinforcement in fully bio-based fiberboards was developed. Various lignocellulosic crop by-products have already been successfully pre-treated through this process, e.g., cereal s...

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) are needed under current agriculture practice to decrease the environmental impact caused by fertilizer doses applied in excess of plants’ uptake rate. Commercial CRF are available. They are manufactured from mineral fertilizers encapsulated into a synthetic polymer matrix or coated by a polymer layer. However,...

Nowadays, amaranth appears as a promising source of squalene of vegetable origin for the cosmetic industry. Squalene represents up to 6% (w/w) of oil from seeds. It can be isolated from vegetable oil for subsequent use. This triterpene is highly appreciated in cosmetology, especially for the formulation of moisturing creams. Indeed, it has the abil...

This work describes a process approach to study the oil leakage phenomenon in feeds for large Trout. Using a pilot vacuum coater, four experimental coating parameters were studied (stirring speed, pressure, filling rate, and time needed to restore atmospheric pressure) through an experimental design. The properties measured on the coated pellets we...

In the indoor environment, the growth of microorganisms on building materials leads to the deterioration of both the materials and indoor air quality. As bio-based building materials usually contain cellulose or derivatives, they are likely to be much more sensitive to such degradation. Using glycerol esters could be a way to protect bio-based mate...

A new biorefinery approach has been developed in the present study, and applied on cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds as a potential source of phytochemicals of interest. Cumin is a popular spice used widely for its distinctive aroma. It is a rich reserve of both vegetable and essential oils. The biorefinery approach here focused on the evaluation of th...

Straw represents 60-80% of the aerial part of the coriander plant. Because of the increasing demand for vegetable oil from fruits for food, cosmetics or the chemical industry, the availability of straw will grow strongly in the future. Its high lignocellulose content (62%) makes this crop by-product an interesting raw material for producing bio-bas...

Amaranthus cruentus is a promising raw material for the biorefinery of whole plant. Stems are composed of (i) a bark on their periphery (76% w/w), and (ii) a pith in their middle (24% w/w). Both are usable for material applications. It is possible to separate mechanically and continuously these two fractions thanks to a fractionation process develo...

Coriander contains petroselinic acid, an isomer fatty acid of oleic acid. Coriander seed oil has been proposed as novel food ingredient in the European Union. Field experiments were performed at Auch (France) during two seasons (2010 and 2011). From flowering to maturity, fruits were harvested weekly and oil content and fatty acid (FA) compositions...

Depuis presque vingt ans, la transformation thermo-mécanique de la matière végétale permet de fabriquer des « agromatériaux ». Issus de ressources renouvelables, ils sont une alternative aux matériaux d’origine fossile. Par ailleurs, ils sont biodégradables a minima dans des conditions de compostage industriel.

Depuis presque vingt ans, la transformation thermo-mécanique de la matière végétale permet de fabriquer des « agromatériaux ». Issus de ressources renouvelables, ils sont une alternative aux matériaux d’origine fossile. Par ailleurs, ils sont biodégradables a minima dans des conditions de compostage industriel.

Indoor air quality is a major public health issue. It is related to the choice of construction materials and associated with VOC emissions. Two wood-based commercial panels were tested: a Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and a chipboard (CH), and they were compared to a material produced from a coriander biorefinery (COR). Indicators chosen to compa...

This work assesses the potential of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) fibers produced on contaminated lands for composite applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and in a prevalent manner in poplar short rotation coppice planted for the phytomanagement of a land contaminated by traces of metals. Results show that the contaminant c...

Dans le secteur des emballages alimentaires, les enjeux se multiplient. Alors qu’ils doivent répondre à de nombreuses contraintes pour respecter l’intégrité des produits, on exige de plus en plus qu’ils soient recyclables, voire « biodégradables » ou « compostables ». Philippe Evon, du Laboratoire de chimie agro-industrielle, travaille sur le dével...

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been grown since the antiquity for tis ability to provide fibres for the confection of clothes. It has also been used for the production of technical fabrics such as sails for example. In the 20th century, and particularly in Europe, the vegetal fibres such as flax were progressively replaced by synthetic fibres fr...

This is an author's version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/25201

L’invention concerne un matériau composite à base de particules d’une matière naturelle contenant des scléroprotéines, notamment de corne ou de cuir. Ces particules sont dispersées dans une matrice d’un polymère thermoplastique choisi parmi le polyamide 11 et les polyéther-bloc-amides. Un procédé de préparation de ce matériau composite comprend le...

L'invention concerne un matériau composite à base de particules d'une matière naturelle lignocellulosique, notamment de bois. Ces particules sont dispersées dans une matrice d'un polymère thermoplastique choisi parmi les polyamides et les copolymères à blocs comprenant au moins un bloc polyamide. Un procédé de préparation de ce matériau composite c...

In western Europe, hemp is mainly cultivated for the seeds and the fibre rich straws, randomly aligned following the harvesting with a combine harvester. The straws are mainly valorised for low added value products such as pulp for paper and for insulation. They are also valorised in low property short fibre composites. With the view to use hemp fi...

Cultivated primarily for its seeds, oleaginous flax could also be valued for the different fractions that can be extracted from the straw. However, as the straws are not harvested with the same technique and care than for the textile flax, the classical scutching technique cannot be used. As a consequence, an “all fibre” device was used to perform...

In this study, fiberboards were produced from shives collected after continuous fiber mechanical extraction from oleaginous flax straw. Fiberboards were produced through thermo-pressing, and their mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties were studied, as well as their water resistance. The influence of one pretreatment for shives and lignin addi...

This work assesses the potential of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) growing on trace element contaminated soils to produce fibres for material applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and dominated the vegetation cover in poplar short rotation coppices planted for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated by trace elemen...

Plant concretes were developed and are currently used as filling material in a timber frame. Their properties are strongly related to the bio-aggregates characteristics. In addition, since hemp shiv, the reference bio-based aggregate, has a limited availability, it is necessary to consider alternative bio-aggregates largely and locally available. T...

Plant concretes were developed and are currently used as filling material in a timber frame. Their properties are strongly related to the bio-aggregates characteristics. In addition, since hemp shiv, the reference bio-based aggregate, has a limited availability, it is necessary to consider alternative bio-aggregates largely and locally available. T...

This work of a preliminary nature has for goal to investigate the potential of the linseed flax straw for industrial valorization in technical textiles. The impact of two extraction systems (“all fiber” extraction device and a scutching/hackling device) was investigated. In a first part of the paper, it was demonstrated that it is possible to extra...

Extrusion is a widely used process in the industry to produce foods with specific technological properties (color, texture, aroma, etc.). Its use dates back to the 1950s, mainly in extrusion cooking. Extrusion cooking is considered as a thermoplastic process, whose treatment is done at high temperature and with a short residence time. The mechanica...

Straw represents 60-80% of the aerial part of coriander. It is cheap (90 €/ton including harvesting, bunching and transportation) and has an availability of 250 tons/year. However, the latter will grow strongly in the next five years due to the increasing use of vegetable oil from the fruits for food, cosmetics or the chemical industry. Due to its...

It is now well known that, under specific environmental conditions, building materials may be the target of microbial proliferation. Their growth leads to the deterioration of both materials and indoor air quality (indirectly induced by the release of airborne microbial contaminants, including spores, fragments, toxins, mVOC, etc.). As bio-based bu...

Amaranth is an annual herb native to temperate and tropical regions. Cultivated by Native Americans for the nutritional properties of its seeds, the latter are very digestible and also an interesting source of starch and proteins. For the future, amaranth appears as a promising raw material for the biorefinery of whole plants, all parts of the plan...

Amaranth is an annual herb native to temperate and tropical regions. It is a promising raw material for the biorefinery of whole plants. Looking at the large amounts of starch, proteins and squalene inside its seeds, the latter could find applications in many fields like the food, cosmetics and material industries. This study specifically investig...

The development of materials based on renewable and low-cost resources is today’s crucial interest for civil engineering. This work intends to investigate two new vegetable fibers as composite reinforcement for insulation application in the building industry. Miscanthus and sunflower stalk have mainly been selected for their high fiber content, low...

Dans cette étude, des panneaux agglomérés de fibres ont été produits à partir d’anas collectés après extraction mécanique des fibres libériennes de paille de lin oléagineux. Les panneaux ont été mis en œuvre par thermopressage. Leurs propriétés mécaniques et thermo-mécaniques ont été étudiées ainsi que leurs comportements vis-à-vis de l’eau. L’infl...

Cultivé principalement pour ses graines, le lin oléagineux pourrait également être valorisé pour les différentes fractions végétales qui peuvent être extraites de la paille. Cependant comme les pailles ne sont pas récoltées avec la même technique et le même soin que pour le lin textile, la technique classique de teillage ne peut pas être utilisée....

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of fiber morphology and molding parameters on the mechanical and physical properties of fiberboards made from rice straw. The rice straw was thermomechanically treated with a twin-screw extruder. Three parameters were investigated: the amount of water added at molding (0–20%), lignin cont...

Extrusion is a widely used process in the industry to produce foods with specific technological properties (color, texture, aroma, etc.). Its use dates back to the 1950s, mainly in extrusion cooking. Extrusion cooking is considered as a thermoplastic process, whose treatment is done at high temperature and with a short residence time. The mechanica...