Philippe Delacote

French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE) | INRAE · Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA)

Risk can represent an important non-monetary barrier to the adoption of climate change mitigation practices. This paper deals with how risk aversion influences the fertilization behavior of farmers. We analytically show that a decreasing variance of yield along with nitrogen inputs encourages risk averse farmers to apply larger quantities of fertil...

Extreme weather events, particularly droughts, have strong impacts on the livelihoods of populations in rural areas. In a context of low access to insurance and credit markets, households respond to such shocks by implementing different risk-management strategies, which in turn are likely to have an impact on the environment, in particular through...

Recycling is emerging as both a viable alternative to extraction in many industries and a cornerstone of the circular economy. In this paper, we assess the role of paper and cardboard recycling on the forest sector, from both an economic and carbon perspective. For this purpose, we add the recycling industry to an existing forest-sector model in an...

FR : Le secteur agricole français est exposé à de nombreux risques météorologiques qui vont s’accentuer sous l’effet du changement climatique. La gestion de ces risques est un enjeu essentiel de l’activité des agriculteurs. Parmi les instruments à leur disposition, l’assurance récolte permet de transférer à un assureur une part de ces risques. Une...

Under the influence of climate change, wildfire regimes are expected to intensify and expand to new areas, increasing threats to natural and socioeconomic assets. We explore the environmental and economic implications for the forest sector of climate-induced changes in wildfire regimes. To retain genericity while considering local determinants, we...

An innovative modelling framework and metrics are developed to assess the economic and environmental performances of regional incentives in the wood energy sector. Our approach is based on the coupling between a partial equilibrium economic model of the forest sector with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Its originality relies on the computation of reg...

Since the establishment of REDD+, hundreds of projects have emerged around the globe. Much attention has been given to REDD+ projects in the literature, but the conditions under which they are likely to be effective are still not well known. In particular, the location bias concept states that projects are more likely to be implemented in remote ar...

Shocks related to weather variations have strong effects on developing countries’ economies. Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence and magnitude of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods or hurricanes that strongly affect agriculture and other activities. This special issue gathers literature reviews and case studies that a...

We develop a model of optimal land allocation in a developing economy that features three possible land uses: agriculture, primary and secondary forests. The distinction between those forest types reflects their different contributions in terms of public goods. In our model, reforestation is costly because it undermines land title security. Using t...

L’initiative « 4 pour 1 000 : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat » propose d’augmenter chaque année d’un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde. À la demande de l’Ademe et du ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, l’Inra (devenu aujourd’hui INRAE) a conduit une étude, centrée sur la France...

Simulation models are often used to carry out prospective experiments about the future of the economy in order to support decision-making. We discuss how such models are validated, taking the example of bio-economic models of the forestry sector. The original publication is available at http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/311327

Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is regularly threatened by the occurrence of weather shocks. We wonder whether the way farmers respond to shocks can affect land use and induce deforestation. Reviewing the existing literature, we found that this question has only been marginally studied. Drawing from the adaptation and land-use change literatures,...

https://www.inrae.fr/actualites/stocker-4-1000-carbone-sols-potentiel-france

Objectives: Evaluate the capacity of temperate forest resources to both provide climate change mitigation and to sustain the downstream timber sector explicitly considering the cascade of biophysical and economic drivers (in particular, climate change impacts and subsequent adaptation actions) and their uncertainty. Methodology: A recursive bio-eco...

Common-pool resources (CPR) are frequently used as risk-management tools against risk on private activities. The impact of this safety-net use of CPR on the individual investment into and extraction from the commons is analyzed in this paper. Agents of the community first choose to invest in their private project and in the CPR; second, they choose...

Le secteur agricole français est exposé à de nombreux risques météorologiques, qui vont s’accentuer sous l’effet du changement climatique. La gestion de ces risques par les agriculteurs mobilise différents niveaux de couverture, allant de la prévention, en passant par l’assurance jusqu’à la solidarité nationale. Cette gestion mêle un ensemble de ré...

http://institut.inra.fr/Missions/Eclairer-les-decisions/Etudes/Toutes-les-actualites/Stocker-4-pour-1000-de-carbone-dans-les-sols-francais

Questo contributo esamina la capacità delle risorse forestali francesi, da un lato di porsi come opzione realistica di mitigazione dei cambiamenti climatici, e dall'altro di continuare a sostenere il settore dei prodotti legnosi a valle, nella consapevolezza che le risorse forestali sono esse stesse soggette agli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici....

We compute the optimal subsidy level for fuelwood consumption that makes it possible to achieve the French biomass energy consumption target. For this purpose, we model the competition and trade-offs between the consumption of fuelwood for heat (FW-H) and the consumption of fuelwood for electricity (FW-E). To do so, we couple a forest sector model...

Improving access to man-made capital through domestic credit and public spending is a step towards development. Developing countries rely also on natural capital, which may generate possible conflicts between environment and development targets. Taking the case of land-use and deforestation, this paper revisits the links between man-made and natura...

In July 2016, the European Commission (EC) published a legislative proposal for incorporating greenhouse gas emissions and removals due to Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) into its 2030 Climate and Energy Framework. The Climate and Energy Framework aims at a total emission reduction of 40% by 2030 for all sectors together as part of...

The forest transition describes a reversal or turnaround in long-run land-use trends for a country or region from a period of net forest area loss to net gain. Such forest recovery has occurred in high-income economies, and increasingly in developing countries. Although this process has been studied extensively by geographers, social scientists and...

The paper investigates the factors influencing households' energy choices, and the drivers of switching toward cleaner energy. We rst present a theoretical framework to determine the factors that explain households' energy consumption and highlight the motivations underlying their transition towards less polluting sources, including their environme...

This paper analyses the impact of several avoided deforestation policies within a patchy forested landscape. Central is the idea that one neighbour's deforestation actions may impact the returns to deforestation in nearby patches. We determine the impact of each policy in terms of avoided deforestation and leakage levels at the landscape scale thro...

Given the importance of anthropogenic determinants in forest ecosystems within Europe, the objective of this paper is to link the evidence arising from biological models to socio-economic determinants, where the expected returns of forest investments represent the main driver. A micro-economic area allocation module is therefore coupled with an inv...

This paper seeks to determine and characterize social and cultural preferences for the conservation of endangered forest elephants (EFEs) in the Congo Basins Tridom Landscape. Using unique data from a stratified, random, face-to-face survey with 1,035 households in 108 villages in 2014, we combine double-bounded dichotomous choice with open-ended e...

The diverse uses of forests for mitigation climate change and for production of energy biomass, andtheir potentially conflicting impacts, have been investigated by the forest sector modeling communi-ties for some years (e.g., Delacote and Lecocq, 2011; Delacote et al., 2013). This special issue presentssome new results provided by forest sector mod...

(1) To quantify the contribution of the French forest-wood product chain in terms of carbon sequestration and substitution when accounting for both the physical impacts (shifts in tree growth and mortality rates) and the market impacts (increased demand of harvested wood products (HWP)) of climate change (cc) and the subsequent forest managers adap...

Beyond their high potential for climate change mitigation, forests provide many other benefits, notably on livelihood, biodiversity, soil and water quality. In this paper, we assess the level of consideration for such co-benefits in REDD+ projects and carbon markets. We first show that the topic is particularly relevant when climate change mitigati...

EU forests and the forest sector play a significant role in the EU greenhouse gas balance. These forests and their products reduce emissions, enhance sinks, store carbon and provide a continuous stream of ecosystem services, including wood products, energy and biodiversity conservation. EU forests and the forest sector currently produce an overall...

The first phase of the REDD+ mechanism consists of helping countries to improve their capacity to carry out national forest inventories, notably to assess land-use changes and forest carbon stocks and fluxes. However, there might be some links between the funding of this first phase and the quantity of avoided deforestation that will happen during...

The purpose of this paper is to determine and characterize the social and cultural preferences for endangered forest elephants’ conservation in the Congo Basin’s Tridom landscape. The paper uses data from a 2014 representative face-to-face survey with a stratified random sample of 1035, in 108 villages in the Cameroonian and the Gabonese part of th...

Given the importance of anthropogenic determinants in forest ecosystems within Europe, the objective of the FFSM++ model is to link the evidence arising from biological models to socio-economic determinants, where the expected returns of forest investments represent the main drivers. Consequently, an inventory-based discrete-time Markov chain model...

The purpose of this paper is to determine and characterize the social and cultural preferences for endangered forest elephants’ conservation in the Congo Basin’s Tridom landscape. The paper uses data from a 2014 representative face-to-face survey with a stratified random sample of 1035, in 108 villages in the Cameroonian and the Gabonese part of th...

Policies to reduce deforestation and forest degradation focus on limiting agricultural expansion and nonsustainable (and often illegal) harvesting of forest products. The feedbacks between these two policy instruments are rarely discussed. A simple agricultural household model assesses the impact of a payment for environmental services on both defo...

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.

Stimulating renewable energy is a crucial objective in view of tackling climate change and coping with future fossil fuel scarcity. In France, fuelwood appears to be an important source for the renewable energy mix. Using the French Forest Sector Model, our paper aims to assess the impacts of three policy options to stimulate fuelwood consumption:...

As France works out its plan to tackle climate change issues, questions are arising in the forest sector as to how sectoral mitigation programs such as those designed to enhance fuelwood consumption or to stimulate in-forest carbon sequestration may coincide with an inter-sectoral program such as an economy-wide carbon tax. This paper provides insi...

Overall, this special issue aims to show how forest sector models may help decision making and provide useful insights, when it comes to climate change mitigation policies and their impact on forest sector.

Dans le cadre des politiques visant à atténuer les émissions de gaz à effets de serre, la France s’appuie aujourd’hui largement sur la substitution énergétique. Cela se traduit par la mise en place de plans d’aide à la mobilisation de bois-énergie ou à la production de chaleur issue de biomasse. En revanche, l’action de l’Etat ne repose pas, à ce j...

The factors of deforestation at a global level have been widely studied in the empirical economic literature. However, the high heterogeneity among countries considerably limits the overall significance of the results. Using quantile approach, we show that some major deforestation factors are more prevalent in high deforestation countries, giving t...

Improving access to capital through credit and public spendings is an important step toward development and poverty alleviation. At the same time, deforestation-related activities, like agricultural expansion, can be seen as relying on natural capital, through the depletion of forest resources and the use of land in an extensive way. It is then imp...

In this paper, we deal with the impact of the safety-net use of Common Pool Resource (CPR) on the individual investment into and extraction from the commons. We propose a theoretical model with two steps: agents of the community choose to invest in their private project and in the commons; second, they choose how much to extract from their private...

This book is a fully up to date study of the major issues facing forest conservation and the forestry industry, which considers developments at local, national and global levels. Environmental and development topics relating to each level are discussed - for instance, the use of forest products in a rural poverty context, corruption and forest harv...

Political consumerism has become over the past years an ever growing phenomenon, by which citizens express through their consumption their political, environmental and ethical opinions. This paper discusses political consumerism from an economic science perspective, focusing on the link between political consumerism and public policies. It wonders...

Domestic and foreign forest products consumptions are considered imperfectly substitutable in the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM). This assumption is justified by product heterogeneities that depend on production places, by the consumers habits or by the market structure. It leads us to implement the international trade in the FFSM via the Arming...

Diffusion du document : Pubique

As European countries move towards steeper cuts in greenhouse gases emissions, questions are mounting, in the forest sector, about the best balance between policies that favor carbon sequestration in biomass, and policies that favor fossil-fuel substitution, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management. We provide insights on thi...

Deforestation is a major environmental issue, while demand for timber products increases rapidly in the developing world. One can thus wonder whether forest harvesting is sustainable worldwide, or if demand for timber products is fulfilled with the products from deforestation. Our panel data analysis shows that countries where timber harvesting is...

L’usage fréquent et répété de boycotts de consommateurs par un certain nombre d’acteurs de la protection environnementale et de la société civile conduit à s’interroger sur les chances réelles d’efficacité de cet outil. Croisant des éléments d’analyse économique des comportements et de théorie des jeux, nous proposons de distinguer les sources maje...

This paper develops an analytical model of a REDD+ mechanism with an international payment tier and a national payment tier, and calibrate land users' opportunity cost curves based on data from Sumatra. We compare the avoided deforestation and cost-eciency of government purchases across the two types of contracts fixed price and opportunity cost, a...

4èmes Journées de recherches en sciences sociales à AgroCampus-Ouest (Rennes), les 9 et 10 décembre 2010 1 Résumé La Réduction des Emissions liées à la Déforestation et la Dégradation des forêts est un nouveau mécanisme pour l'atténuation du changement climatique négocié à la CCNUCC.

La Réduction des Emissions liées à la Déforestation et la Dégradation des forêts est un nouveau mécanisme pour l'atténuation du changement climatique négocié à la CCNUCC. L'objectif de ce mécanisme est de compenser les pays du Sud pour leurs efforts de diminution d'émissions de carbone liés à la déforestation. Les pays du Nord mobilisent actuelleme...

Deforestation is a major environmental issue, while demand for timber products increases rapidly in the developing world. One can thus wonder whether forest harvesting is sustainable worldwide, or if demand for timber products is fulfilled with the products from deforestation. Our panel data analysis shows that countries where timber harvesting is...

Quatrième rapport intermédiaire. Première édition le 9 décembre 2009. Révisé le 20 mai 2010.

Citizen consumption has become over the past few years an ever growing type of behaviour, in which citizens express by their consumption choices their political, environmental and ethical preferences. This paper wonders to what extend citizen consumption may represent an effective and fair instrument against market failures. Overall, it seems that...

Forests can contribute to climate mitigation by sequestrating carbon in forest biomass andby replacing fossil-fuel with fuelwood, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management.The present paper assesses the mitigation and the economic impacts of a "stock" policy(payment for sequestration in situ), a "substitution" policy (subsidy...

This article investigates weaknesses of consumer boycotts. First, usual shortcomings of collective action, such as coordination failure and free riding, reduce considerably the success likelihood. Second, consumers with the highest ability to hurt the targeted firm’s profit also have the highest opportunity cost of boycotting. Thus, they are less l...

In criminal law, when a conflict is solved by plea bargaining, the negotiation is mainly made between the prosecutor and the lawyer. The agency costs in the context of plea bargaining have been studied only by jurists (Alschuler [1976] and Schulhofer [1988 and 1992]). Distinguishing between different types of lawyer (selfish or altruistic), this pa...

In the context of climate change and expected rise of energy prices, fuelwood may become an important source of energy, especially for countries with large forest stocks. However, an important increase in fuelwood consumption may have non-negligible impacts on other parts of forestry sectors. Using a new national forest sector model, this paper aim...

Common property resources are often used by households of developing countries as insurance in case of economic stress. The aim of this paper is to consider the potential poverty-trap implications of this use. If the capacity of the resource is low, or if the population in need of insurance is too large, the households are trapped in CPR extraction...