Philip Scott

University of Portsmouth · School of Computing

Given the requirement to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of technology applications in health care provision, there is an urgent need to incorporate theory-informed health IT (HIT) evaluation frameworks into existing and emerging guidelines for the evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI). Such frameworks can help developers, impleme...

Objectives: Patient portals are increasingly implemented to improve patient involvement and engagement. We here seek to provide an overview of ways to mitigate existing concerns that these technologies increase inequity and bias and do not reach those who could benefit most from them. Methods: Based on the current literature, we review the limitati...

Objectives: To highlight the role of technology assessment in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An overview of existing research and evaluation approaches along with expert perspectives drawn from the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development in Health Informat...

Introduction Since the introduction of the UK’s National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and its modification, NEWS2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a worldwide pandemic. NEWS and NEWS2 have good predictive abilities in patients with other infections and sepsis, however there is little evidence of their performance in COVID-19. Methods...

Background: National Health Service policy suggests that increasing usage of electronic personal health records (PHR) by patients will result in cost savings and improved public health. Medication adherence means that patients take their prescribed medication as agreed with their doctors. Some of the claimed benefits of PHRs are decreasing healthc...

Objectives This systematic literature review aims to identify important design features of the electronic personal health record (PHR) that may improve medication adherence in the adult population with long-term conditions. Data sources PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, Science Direct (including EMBASE), BioMed Central, ACM digital, Emerald Insig...

In this chapter, we reflect on the aim and objectives of the textbook and address known gaps in our theory coverage. We reinforce the importance of theory in health informatics and review the varying disciplinary origins of the theories considered in the book. We discuss the question of what makes a good theory and how to know which one is relevant...

Objectives: This paper draws attention to: i) key considerations for evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) enabled clinical decision support; and ii) challenges and practical implications of AI design, development, selection, use, and ongoing surveillance. Method: A narrative review of existing research and evaluation approaches along with expert...

Objective: To assess measurement practice in clinical decision support evaluation studies. Materials and methods: We identified empirical studies evaluating clinical decision support systems published from 1998 to 2017. We reviewed titles, abstracts, and full paper contents for evidence of attention to measurement validity, reliability, or reuse...

Objectives: The paper draws attention to: i) key considerations involving the confidentiality, privacy, and security of shared data; and ii) the requirements needed to build collaborative arrangements encompassing all stakeholders with the goal of ensuring safe, secure, and quality use of shared data. Method: A narrative review of existing research...

Lawrence Weed proposed we develop computerised, problem orientated medical records that guide and teach. The Bawa-Garba case outcomes might have been different if care had been supported by computerised medical record (CMR) systems. CMR systems can reduce prescribing errors and could be develop to flag gaps in supervision. However, CMR systems are...

This Editorial marks the launch of the UK Faculty of Clinical Informatics (FCI) at the time when non-clinically qualified informaticiance are anticipating the lauch of the Federation of Informatics Professionals in Health and Care (Fed-IP).

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) England spent £15.5 billion on medication in 2015. More than a third of patients affected by at least one long-term condition do not adhere to their drug regime. Many interventions have been trialed to improve medication adherence. One promising innovation is the electronic personal health record. Obj...

This article presents presentation and poster abstracts that were mistakenly omitted from the original publication.

Objectives: To set the scientific context and then suggest principles for an evidence-based approach to secondary uses of clinical data, covering both evaluation of the secondary uses of data and evaluation of health systems and services based upon secondary uses of data. Method: Working Group review of selected literature and policy approaches. Re...

The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. This paper reviews the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with a strong focus on how these aspects are handled...

Objectives: To set the scientific context and then suggest principles for an evidence-based approach to secondary uses of clinical data, covering both evaluation of the secondary uses of data and evaluation of health systems and services based upon secondary uses of data. Method: Working Group review of selected literature and policy approaches....

Introduction: The Informatics for Health congress, 24-26 April 2017, in Manchester, UK, brought together the Medical Informatics Europe (MIE) conference and the Farr Institute International Conference. This special issue of the Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics contains 113 presentation abstracts and 149 poster abstracts from the congress...

The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. This paper reviews the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with a strong focus on how these aspects are handled...

Systematic health IT evaluation studies are needed to ensure system quality and safety and to provide the basis for evidence-based health informatics. Well-trained health informatics specialists are required to guarantee that health IT evaluation studies are conducted in accordance with robust standards. Also, policy makers and managers need to app...

Background and objectives: With growing use of IT by healthcare professionals and patients, the opportunity for any unintended effects of technology to disrupt care health processes and outcomes is intensified. The objectives of this position paper by the IMIA Working Group (WG) on Technology Assessment and Quality Development are to highlight how...

Background Digitized (scanned) medical records have been seen as a means for hospitals to reduce costs and improve access to records. However, clinical usability of digitized records can potentially have negative effects on productivity. Methods Data were collected during follow-up outpatient consultations in two NHS hospitals by non-clinical obser...

Objectives To demonstrate and promote the importance of applying a scientific process to health IT design and implementation, and of basing this on research principles and techniques. Methods A review by international experts linked to the IMIA Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development. Results Four approaches are presented,...

It has been widely accepted in Information and communication technology for Development (ICT4D) literature that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can foster socio-economic development. However, the process through which this occurs still remains unclear. Historically, there has only been a limited focus on evaluating the Impact of ICT...

A scientific approach to health informatics requires sound theoretical foundations. Health informatics implementation would be more effective if evidence-based and guided by theories about what is likely to work in what circumstances. We report on a Medinfo 2015 workshop on this topic jointly organized by the EFMI Working Group on Assessment of Hea...

This contribution offers an overview of the 'third research paradigm', its historical roots and its relevance for health informatics. Using illustrative studies, we explore the concepts of triangulation and integration of quantitative and qualitative data and refute common philosophical objections to mixing different types of knowledge. We consider...

This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper “Evidence-based Health Informatics: How Do We Know What We Know?” written by Elske Ammenwerth [1]. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the Ammenwerth paper. In subse...

To review the potential contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enable patient-centric and coordinated care, and in particular to explore the role of patient portals as a developing ICT tool, to assess the available evidence, and to describe the evaluation challenges. Reviews of IMIA, EFMI, and other initiatives, together...

Background: The English National Health Service (NHS) has a long history of national experiments with information technology; some successful, others less so. The NHS England Five Year Forward View aspires to 'Exploit the information revolution' through the transformational work of the National Information Board (NIB). NIB has published a 'Framewo...

Communication is the lifeblood of project management, but the increasing geographical dispersion of project teams and stakeholders creates a challenge. Project managers need to exploit a range of tools and methods to communicate effectively with their team, clients and subcontractors. Social networking is ever more widespread, both in the workplace...

Historically, there has only been a limited focus on evaluating the impact of ICT projects vis-a-vis development, and little concrete analysis of these initiatives in terms of their long-term effects. Whilst there is research that documents the scale of disconnect between policy objectives and policy outcome in ICT4D, the findings are not applicabl...

The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with an especial focus on how th...

Background: The Professional Records Standards Body for health and social care (PRSB) was formed in 2013 to develop and assure professional standards for the content and structure of patient records across all care disciplines in the UK. Although the PRSB work is aimed at Electronic Health Record (EHR) adoption and interoperability to support conti...

Abstract—We examine the use of Federated Identity and Access Management (FIAM) approaches for the Internet of Things (IoT). We look at specific challenges that devices, sensors and actuators have, and look for approaches to address them. OAuth is a widely deployed protocol – built on top of HTTP – for applying FIAM to Web systems. We explore the us...

Communication is the lifeblood of project management, but the increasing geographical dispersion of project teams and stakeholders creates a challenge. Project managers need to exploit a range of tools and methods to communicate effectively with their team, clients and subcontractors. Social networking is ever more widespread, both in the workplace...

We describe a prototype open source UK-scalable Health Information Exchange (HIE) to support patient-centric care, translational research and other secondary uses. It has been designed by interoperability experts to standardise information flows across the patient path—for example from home, work, mobile, clinical and community care locations. Sint...

HL7 Version 3 was developed to provide semantically reliable healthcare interoperability but has been perceived as overly complex to implement. This paper describes how semantic mapping can simplify usage of HL7 Version 3 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and reports on the rationale for adopting this approach in three particular use cases and l...

Purpose The objective of this review is to address two research questions: What is evidence‐based best practice for intra‐hospital inpatient handovers? What areas need further research? The paper aims to take a particular interest in the interpersonal skills involved in successful handover, theoretically‐based approaches to implementing improvement...

The disciplinary status of health informatics remains unclear. Is it an art or a science? Does it have a body of theory? A survey was devised for UK academics that teach or research health informatics. Forty-six responses were received, twenty-five from the target group (representing between a quarter and a third of the population of interest). Hea...

HL7 Version 3 offers a semantically robust method for healthcare interoperability but has been criticized as overly complex to implement. This paper reviews initiatives to simplify HL7 Version 3 messaging and presents a novel approach based on semantic mapping. Based on user-defined definitions, precise transforms between simple and full messages a...

This paper proposes a socio-technical assessment tool (STAT-HI) for health informatics implementations. We explore why even projects allegedly using sound methodologies repeatedly fail to give adequate attention to socio-technical issues, and we present an initial draft of a structured assessment tool for health informatics implementation that enca...

The aim of this article is to advance the case of pragmatism as a research philosophy and to illustrate its applicability as a mixed methodology perspective in medical informatics. Epistemology is empirical not foundational. Pragmatism offers a practical starting point for a pluralist methodology. Medical practice is pragmatist, empirical, and situ...

There are major problems with the content, structure and management of paper health records. Electronic document management (EDM) has the potential to reduce the costs and risks associated with paper records management. Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust has a programme to introduce an EDM solution for health records. The solution has so far been intro...

Based on qualitative research, we developed the theoretical construct "clinician information usage propensity" as a hypothetical indicator of attitudes and behaviour towards clinical information and systems. We devised a survey to validate the construct and had 146 responses. Principal components analysis extracted four factors accounting for 47.2%...

The NHS in England has in the order of 150 million medical records but the problem of historical paper notes is outside the scope of the current National Programme for IT. An implementation of electronic document management for health records in community children's services is described, with emphasis on the lessons learned and how they are being...

Three cases of practical benefit from health informatics in the UK are presented. The evidence base for health informatics is critically analysed. Three important factors that limit generalisation from health informatics studies are: (1) the complexity of the healthcare environment, (2) the local ownership and enthusiasm of participants and (3) the...