Philip Prins

Grove City College · Department of Exercise Science

A common belief is that high intensity exercise (>60%VO2max) is best sustained by high rates of carbohydrate oxidation. The belief is based, in part, on an idea developed by Krogh and Lindhard in 1920. In the 100 years since, few studies have tested its validity. We tested the null hypothesis that performance in competitive recreational athletes ex...

Numerous oral ketone supplements are marketed with the claim that they will rapidly induce ketosis and improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise performance time and related physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses of recreational endurance runners after ingestion of a commercially available oral ketone...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of energy drink (ED) functional ingredients, caffeine (CAF), taurine (TAU), and glucose (GLU) on 5-km running time trial (5KTT) performance in recreational endurance runners. Methods: Twenty recreational endurance runners (10 men, 10 women, 21.3 ± 2.2 years...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate exercise performance time as well as related physiological and perceptual responses of recreational endurance runners after they had ingested a commercially available energy drink (Red Bull®) containing caffeine, glucose, and taurine. Recreational endurance runners (n = 18, 13 men, 5 women, 20.39 ± 3.27 yea...

Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the independent and combined effects of caffeine (CAF) alone or as a part of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (PWS) on resistance exercise performance in recreationally active males. Methods: In a single-blind, randomized, placebo (PLA) controlled, crossover design; 10 recreati...

Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a unique form of bodyweight training shown to improve flexibility, FMS scores, and proprioception, however, little is known about its muscle activation characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare surface EMG (sEMG) activity of muscles of the trunk, upper, and lower extremity during QMT...

Slow breathing (SB) reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, the heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) and increases parasympathetic nervous system activity, HR variability, and oxygen saturation which may lead to quicker recovery between bouts of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether a SB technique using the...

In exercise science, the crossover effect denotes that fat oxidation is the primary fuel at rest and during low-intensity exercise with a shift towards an increased reliance on carbohydrate oxidation at moderate to high exercise intensities. This model makes four predictions: First, >50% of energy comes from carbohydrate oxidation at ≥60% of maximu...

Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most reported injuries in college athletics, typically resulting from excessive closed-kinetic chain (CKC) supination. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a novel CKC supination-style ankle strengthening program to a traditional ankle strengthening program on common LAS ind...

Rucksack marches (‘rucks’) are strenuous, military‐relevant exercises that may benefit from pre‐event fuelling. The purpose of this investigation was to explore whether acute ingestion of carbohydrate‐ or lipid‐based nutritional bars before rucking can elicit unique advantages that augment exercise performance. Recreationally active and healthy mal...

High carbohydrate, low fat (HCLF) diets have been the predominant nutrition strategy for athletic performance, but recent evidence following multi-week habituation has challenged the superiority of HCLF over low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets, along with growing interest in the potential health and disease implications of dietary choice. Highl...

Background: Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a novel alternative form of exercise recently shown to improve several fitness characteristics including flexibility, movement quality, and dynamic balance. However, the specific energy demands of this style of training remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the energy...

Recently we reported similar performances in both progressive tests to exhaustion (VO2max) and 5km running time trials (5KTT) after consuming low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) or high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diets. Accordingly, we tested the null hypothesis that the metabolic responses during both tests would be similar across diets. In a rand...

A growing number of endurance athletes have considered switching from a traditional high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCLF) to a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCHF) eating pattern for health and performance reasons. However, few studies have examined how LCHF diets affect blood lipid profiles in highly-trained runners. In a randomized and counterbalanced, cr...

Introduction: To examine the effects of voluntary hyperventilation (VH) between sets of bench press (BP) and squat (SQ) at 70 and 90% 1RM on repetitions to failure, power, bar velocity, blood lactate, session RPE (sRPE), and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2). Methods: Fifteen recreationally trained (2.92 ± 2.18 yrs. of resistance training experience)...

Exogenous ketone esters have demonstrated the capacity to increase oxygen availability during acute hypoxic exposure leading to the potential application of their use to mitigate performance declines at high altitudes. Voluntary hypoventilation (VH) with exercise reliably reduces oxygen availability and increases carbon dioxide retention without al...

Buxton, JD, Prins, PJ, Miller, MG, Moreno, A, Welton, GL, Atwell, AD, Talampas, TR, and Elsey, GE. The effects of a novel quadrupedal movement training program on functional movement, range of motion, muscular strength, and endurance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a form of bodyweight training incor...

Background: Interest into the health, disease, and performance impact of exogenous ketone bodies has rapidly expanded due to their multifaceted physiological and signaling properties but limiting our understanding is the isolated analyses of individual types and dose/dosing protocols. Methods: Thirteen recreational male distance runners (24.8 ±...

Background: Interest into the health, disease, and performance impact of exogenous ketone bodies has rapidly expanded due to their multifaceted physiological and signaling properties but limiting our understanding is the isolated analyses of individual types and dose/dosing protocols. Methods: Thirteen recreational male distance runners (24.8±9.6y,...

Background: Interest into the health, disease, and performance impact of exogenous ketone bodies has rapidly expanded due to their multifaceted physiological and signaling properties but limiting our understanding is the isolated analyses of individual types and dose/dosing protocols. Methods: Thirteen recreational male distance runners (24.8±9.6y,...

Background: Interest into the health, disease, and performance impact of exogenous ketone bodies has rapidly expanded due to their multifaceted physiological and signaling properties but limiting our understanding is the isolated analyses of individual types and dose/dosing protocols. Methods: Thirteen recreational male distance runners (24.8±9.6y,...

Background: Interest into the health, disease, and performance impact of exogenous ketone bodies has rapidly expanded due to their multifaceted physiological and signaling properties but limiting our understanding is the isolated analyses of individual types and dose/dosing protocols. Methods: Thirteen recreational male distance runners (24.8±9.6y,...

Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat (LCHF) diets have become very popular among athletes due to recent research suggesting performance and numerous health benefits. However, few studies have examined the chronic effects of LCHF diets on the blood lipid profile and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in athletic populations. PURPOSE: To examine the effe...

Ground-based movement training (GMBT) is a unique form of bodyweight training that incorporates various animal poses, transitions, and crawling patterns to reportedly improve fitness and performance. GBMT is growing in popularity and being used in numerous settings including general fitness, strength and conditioning for sport, and physical rehabil...

Intermittent fasting (IF) has recently gained popularity for a number of potential health benefits. While there is an increasing body of evidence demonstrating beneficial effects of IF on weight loss, blood lipids, and body composition in the overweight and obese, limited data are available about the effects of IF in normal weight individuals. PURP...

Self-myofascial release (SMR) has known benefits for accelerating post-exercise recovery and enhancing acute flexibility, but is emerging in popularity as a pre-exercise technique to enhance anaerobic athletic performance. There is little research on the topic and no standardized recommended method of SMR that optimize athletic performance. PURPOSE...

Previous studies show a positive correlation of effect between cognitive function and chronic exercise (exercising for 3-12 weeks). However, there is little research on the neurological effects of acute, single session, exercise. Furthermore, no study has compared the effects of acute exercise on cognitive function using different exercise modaliti...

Distance running has become an increasingly popular activity in the United States within the last several decades. In order to maximize performance and to decrease the advent of fatigue in these types of long-distance races, endurance athletes must adhere to proper hydration practices. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of drinking water and a carbo...

INTRODUCTION: During fire suppression, observations of the effort, strain, discomfort, and fatigue experienced by a firefighter may be helpful to identify firefighters that need a rest period, since obtaining a self-reported estimate of ratings perceived exertion (RPE) is often not practical. Therefore, exertional observations could provide subject...

Rest intervals between sets of resistance training appear to be an important variable that can directly affect training volume. PURPOSE: to investigate the influence of different rest intervals (1, 3, and 5 min.) on lower body resistance training in NCAA Division III collegiate male basketball players. METHODS: Ten male basketball players (19.4 ± 1...

A standardized fitness assessment is critical for the development of an individualized exercise prescription. Although the benefits of aquatic exercise have been well established, there remains the need for a standardized nonswimming protocol to accurately assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in shallow water. The present investigation was design...

Introduction: The use of pre-exercise energy drinks has become a popular supplementation habit among recreational and competitive athletic populations. It is common for athletes to consume energy drinks prior to athletic competition, yet it is unresolved whether this is an effective strategy to increase performance, especially in short duration hig...

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine preseason fitness levels and seasonal changes in fitness, serve performance, and perceived burnout in 13 NCAA Division I collegiate women tennis players (n=13, 19.69 +/- 1.32 years, 64.75+/-2.89 kg, 168.82 +/- 4.59 cm). Methods: Every two weeks subjects performed a maximal serve velocity (MS...