Philip Marcel Karré

Erasmus University Rotterdam | EUR · Department of Public Administration

Increasingly, hybridity, i.e., the combination of contrasting and conflicting elements within organizations, is seen as a way to create innovation and synergy in dealing with complex societal questions, leading to more sustainable development. Much research on the subject deals with the phenomenon of social enterprise, but hybridity also takes plac...

This chapter describes public-private hybrid organisations between state and market. It conceptualizes the hybridity of such organisations on a variety of dimensions and also describes the possible positive and negative effects of their hybridity.

In our current society, governments face complex societal issues that cannot be tackled through traditional governance arrangements. Therefore, governments increasingly come up with smart hybrid arrange ments that transcend the boundaries of policy domains and jurisdictions, combine governance mechanisms (state, market, networks and self-governance...

Collaboration between municipalities and community enterprises, a spatially confined subset of social enterprises, can be advantageous for both parties in theory, but there also is discussion on whether and how these benefits really come to pass in practice. Based on a small-scale exploratory study in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, we discuss double...

Hybridity has become a widely-used concept in public management theory and practice. Yet, there is limited insight in what constitutes a hybrid organization. This article argues that it is not enough to say an organization is hybrid; you need to say how an organization is hybrid, as organizations can mix the characteristics of state and market on s...

The era of hybrid governance is here. More and more organizations occupy a position between public and private ownership. And value is created not through business or public interests alone, but through distinct forms of hybrid governance. National governments are looking to transform their administrative systems to become more business driven. Lik...

Sociaal ondernemen past bij hoe we in de netwerksamenleving naar de bekostiging van maatschappelijke opgaven kijken. Met name op lokaal niveau zien we een toegenomen aandacht voor nieuwe manieren om de aanpak van maatschappelijke vraagstukken te organiseren. In dit artikel worden de kansen en risico's verkend van deze ontwikkeling, door met name na...

How can we conceptualize, evaluate and measure the value and performance of hybrid governance and organizations? This book offers a comprehensive overview of how hybrids produce value. It explores the drivers, obstacles and complications for value creation in different hybrid contexts: state-owned enterprises, urban policy-making, universities and...

In the Netherlands, there is as yet very limited knowledge of what is actually happening with regard to social enterprise. Research is still scarce. Moreover, there also is a lot of conceptual confusion as there is no specific legal form or policy framework yet. Every organisation can call itself a social enterprise, and many do, as the “social ent...

This paper has been prepared for the Peer Review on "Social economy and social enterprises in legislation and practice" within the framework of the Mutual Learning Programme of the European Commission. It provides concise information on social enterprise in the Netherlands.

In Rotterdam zijn diverse wijkcoöperaties actief. Dit zijn bewonersinitiatieven waarbij ten behoeve van de leefbaarheid ondernemende activiteiten worden ontplooid die vaak innovatief of experimenteel zijn. In een wijkcoöperatie worden een sociale en een bedrijfsmatige manier van werken met elkaar verbonden, bijvoorbeeld door werkgelegenheid te bied...

Citizens and urban policy makers are experimenting with collaborative ways to tackle wicked urban issues, such as today’s sustainability challenges. In this article, we consider one particular way of collaboration in an experimental setting: Urban Living Labs (ULLs). ULLs are understood as spatially embedded sites for the co-creation of knowledge a...

Wicked problems ask for new, smart forms of governance beyond a singular focus on hierarchy, market or community. Based on the case studies presented in the individual articles of this special issue, this concluding article describes what smart governance could entail and discusses its strengths and weaknesses, both as a concept and a practical too...

This article focuses on the hybridity of social enterprises, organizations that strive to create social and economic value simultaneously. It analyses how social entrepreneurs and local government deal with the hybridity resulting from mixing these two opposing values and what it means for social enterprises’ contributions to processes of social in...

Als geïnstitutionaliseerd vakgebied is de bestuurskunde in Nederland nu ongeveer veertig jaar oud. De Vereniging voor Bestuurskunde is opgericht in 1974; de eerste zelfstandige studierichting begon in Twente in 1976. 40+ is een leeftijd die vaak aanzet tot fundamentele zelfreflectie en soms tot domme dingen. In deze bundel buigen de auteurs zich o...

De stad is in: de oplossingen voor allerlei hedendaagse wereldproblemen worden steeds meer op lokaal niveau gezocht. Het lokaal bestuur krijgt door de decentralisaties meer verantwoordelijkheden en er wordt veel verwacht van de pragmatische vaardigheden van burgemeesters. Ook wordt grote hoop gevestigd op het zelforganiserend vermogen van de stad,...

The Internet has created opportunities for instant and cheap communication, including communication between government and citizens. The interactive capabilities of Web 2.0 in general and social media in particular have turned this communication from a (mostly) one-way stream to an interactive experience. This low-cost, accessible medium has levell...

The chapter examines how as a result of processes of privatisation, deregulation and marketization, public services such as waste management have been outsourced to public waste management organisations. As a result, municipal waste services have evolved either to behave like companies through hybrid public waste companies, or to be sold off to the...

Introduction The state and the market are two distinct sectors: whereas the state (or public sector) looks out for the common good, the market's (or private sector’s) main objective is to realise a profit. Both sectors have their own set of rules, norms and values, and thus very distinct cultures. Waste management operates in the border area of the...

Over the last 15 years there have been many experiments with joined-up (also known as whole of) government practices, aimed at horizontal coordination to overcome the fragmentation of vertical governmental structures due to departmentalism and New Public Management. These practices were initiated to address wicked problems and to better interact wi...

The governments of Australia and the Netherlands have to deal with wicked problems, that cut across neat departmental boundaries and exceed the problem-solving capabilities of individual governmental institutions. In this chapter, we discuss how they dealt with two pressing problems (child abuse, immigration and integration) by adopting so-called j...

The purpose of this article is to assess twinning as an innovative experiment in interagency collaboration. We do this by describing the twinning of two Dutch governmental agencies, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) and the Social Insurance Bank (SVB). We focus on the rationale behind this partnership and the activities undertaken an...

Hybrid organizations mix the characteristics of state, market and civil society. Critics have suggested that such organizations pose severe risks to the public sector, both financially and culturally. However, these assertions are based mostly on theoretical claims or single case studies. No systematic evidence has been collected to support them. T...

In these times of financial austerity and the emergence of wicked problems, traditional Public Administration and New Public Management as government's conventional mechanisms to steer society often fail to produce desired societal outcomes. This has made the governments of many Western nations call for civic engagement hoping this will lead to the...

Citizens have begun to take public matters into their own hands and establish their own communities. They have self-defined rules and norms, separated from what is regularly defined as the public arena but are still included in a more general framework of societal rules. The public sphere in these domains has become privatized, in the sense that ot...

In this thesis, Philip Marcel Karré argues that hybridity can only be fully understood and managed when one considers both sides of the coin, and sees benefits and risks as each other’s flipsides. By analyzing hybrid organizations in the Dutch waste management sector, he develops a perspective on hybridity that can be used by policy makers, profess...