Philip Jakeman

University of Limerick | UL · Faculty of Education and Health Sciences

Dietary calcium intake is a modifiable, lifestyle factor that can affect bone health and the risk of fracture. The diurnal rhythm of bone remodelling suggests nocturnal dietary intervention to be most effective. This study investigated the effect of daily, bed-time ingestion of a calcium-fortified, milk-derived protein matrix (MBPM) or control (CON...

This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of peak force in the isometric squat across the strength spectrum using coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). On two separate days, 59 healthy men (mean (SD) age 23.0 (4.1) years; height 1.79 (0.7) m; body mass 84.0 (15.2) kg) performed three maximal...

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel condition of unknown aetiology that is growing in prevalence globally. Large-scale studies have determined associations between female obesity or low body mass index (BMI) with risk of CD at all ages or 8– < 40 years, respectively. For males, low BMI entering adult life is associated with in...

Supplementing postexercise carbohydrate (CHO) intake with protein has been suggested to enhance recovery from endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adding protein to the recovery drink can improve 24-hr recovery when CHO intake is suboptimal. In a double-blind crossover design, 12 trained men performed three 2-day tri...

Triggered release and targeted drug delivery of potent anti-cancer agents using hyperthermia-mediated focused-ultrasound (FUS) is gaining momentum in the clinical setting. In early phase studies, tissue biopsy samples may be harvested to assess drug delivery efficacy and demonstrate lack of instantaneous cell death due to FUS exposure. We present a...

Independent of glucose, ingestion of protein evokes an insulinotropic response due to enterogastric incretin hormones and hyperaminoacidemia. The aim of this study was to characterise insulin and incretin secretion in healthy young women (age 22.0 ± 1.2 y, n = 8) following acute ingestion of a milk based protein matrix (MPM) containing casein, whey...

The quality and nutritional value of dietary proteins are determined by the quantity, digestibility and bioavailability of essential amino acids (EAA), which play a critical role in human growth, longevity and metabolic health. Plant-source protein is often deficient in one or more EAAs (e.g., branched-chain amino acids, lysine, methionine and/or t...

Weight-bearing exercise is associated with bone mineral accrual and maintenance. However, endurance exercise acutely increases bone resorption assessed by plasma C-terminal cross linked telopeptide type 1 collagen (CTX). Increased bone resorption is associated with increased fracture risk, particularly if not accompanied by an increase in bone form...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) and muscle recovery over a 7-d period of intensified resistance training (RT). Methods: In a double-blind randomised parallel group design, 16 resistance-trained men aged 18 to 35 years completed a 7-d RT prot...

In this study we used a recently developed ex vivo-in vitro model to assess the effect of feeding older adults a casein protein hydrolysate (CPH) compared with non-bioactive non-essential amino acid (NEAA) supplement on Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) and Breakdown (MPB). Serum from six healthy older males following overnight fast and 60 min postpra...

Key opinion leaders in sport and exercise nutrition advocate for a personalised and periodised approach to dietary assessment and prescription. However, practice has not advanced to this level, making recommendations from key researchers unexploited in the applied setting. Our objective was to advance traditional nutritional assessment methods (dat...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treating skeletal muscle cells with media conditioned by postprandial ex vivo human serum fed with either isonitrogenous Non-Essential Amino Acid (NEAA) or a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on stimulating Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Methods Blood was t...

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translate...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treating skeletal muscle cells with media conditioned by postprandial ex vivo human serum fed with either isonitrogenous NEAA or a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on stimulating MPS in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Methods Blood was taken from six young healthy males following overnight f...

The aim of this study was to test the effects of two disparate isonitrogenous, isocaloric pre-exercise feeds on deuterium-oxide (D2O) derived measures of myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) in humans. Methods: In a double-blind parallel group design, 22 resistance-trained men aged 18 to 35 years ingested a meal (6 kcal·kg−1, 0.8 g·kg−1 carbohydr...

The diurnal rhythm of bone remodeling suggests nocturnal dietary intervention to be most effective. This study investigated the effect of bedtime ingestion of a calcium-fortified, milk-derived protein matrix (MBPM) or maltodextrin (CON) on acute (0–4 h) blood and 24-h urinary change in biomarkers of bone remodeling in postmenopausal women with oste...

New findings: What is the research question? This study used a new experimental model, in which culture medium is conditioned with human serum ex vivo, to investigate nutrient-mediated regulation of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells in vitro. What is the main finding and importance? Human serum stimulated GLUT4 translocation, an effect...

To investigate sex differences in the temporal recovery of neuromuscular function following resistance training (RT), eleven men and eight women 18–35 years completed a single RT bout (barbell back-squats, 80 % 1RM, 5 sets × 5 reps, 25 % duty cycle, then 1 set × max reps). Measures of muscle function (isometric, concentric, eccentric knee extensor...

Objective The aim of this research was the development and validation of a translational model for the evaluation of exercise and nutrient stimulated muscle protein synthesis (MPS). To achieve this overall aim, three primary objectives had to be realised: (i) Development of an in vitro skeletal muscle cell bioassay to measure muscle growth and MPS;...

Twenty‐three resistance trained men 18 to 35 y (23 (3) y, 1.8 (0.1) m, 81 (10) kg body mass, 2.3 (1.1) y resistance training experience; mean (SD)) performed repeated maximal voluntary isometric squats (ISQ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) pre‐ and +30 min post a unilateral microbiopsy of m. vastus lateralis. ISQ and CMJ were simultaneously measure...

New findings: What is the central question of this study? Can medium conditioned by ex vivo human serum regulate muscle protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells in vitro? What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrates that medium conditioned by ex vivo human serum can regulate muscle protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cel...

AIM To investigate the repeatability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the in vivo measurement of human cerebral levels of choline-containing compounds (Cho). METHODS Two consecutive scans were carried out in six healthy resting subjects at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. On each occasion, neurospectroscopy data were collected from...

Whey protein (WP) is a widely consumed nutritional supplement, known to enhance strength and muscle mass during resistance training (RT) regimens. Muscle protein anabolism is acutely elevated following RT, which is further enhanced by WP. As a result, there is reason to suggest that WP supplementation may be an effective nutritional strategy for re...

The age-related decline in functional capability is preceded by a reduction in muscle quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes on upper leg lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle quality and functional capability in healthy 50 – 70y wom...

Muscle health is a critical component in the struggle against physical frailty and the efforts to maintain metabolic health until the limit of chronological age. Consensus opinion is to evaluate muscle health in terms of muscle mass, strength and functional capability. There has been considerable variability in the components of muscle health which...

Background and Purpose: It is not known whether short functional performance tests used in aging research are appropriate for use in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-group differences (6th decade vs. 7th decade) in selected functional performance tests and the association between lower extremity strength and fu...

This study aimed to measure contractile rate of torque development (RTD) from maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors and flexors in order to determine reliability of the measure, report age-related difference in RTD, determine the association between RTD and selected functional tasks and determine the effect of progres...

Muscle health is a critical component in the struggle against physical frailty and the efforts to maintain metabolic health until the limit of chronological age. Consensus opinion is to evaluate muscle health in terms of muscle mass, strength and functional capability. There has been considerable variability in the components muscle health which ha...

Objective: It is not known which laboratory indices of muscle mass, strength or quality can distinguish functional performance in healthy middle aged women. The aim of this study was to (a) examine the association between upper leg lean tissue mass, knee extensor strength, muscle quality (strength per unit lean tissue mass) and functional performa...

PurposeAthletes cycle between exercise and recovery. Exercise invokes changes in total body water from thermal sweating, muscle and hepatic glycogen depletion and metabolic water loss. Recovery from exercise results in rehydration, substrate repletion, and possible glycogen supercompensation. Such changes may corrupt the measurement of hydrated tis...

Nutrient stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is regulated by the change in extracellular essential amino acid (EAA) concentration. In vivo microdialysis (MD) is a minimally invasive sampling technique, capable of sampling solute in the interstitial space of a target tissue. In a contralateral limb design (REST vs. EX), this study utilised...

Longitudinal change in body composition for elite-level inter-county hurlers was reported over a single season and four consecutive seasons. Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of 66 senior, male, outfield players was obtained. Four successive measurements were taken: off-season (OFF1), pre-season (PRE), mid-season (...

Stride length, hip, knee and ankle angles were compared during barefoot and shod running on a treadmill at two speeds. Nine well-trained (1500m time: 3min:59.80s ± 14.7 s) male (22 ±3 years; 73 ±9 kg; 1.79 ±0.4 m) middle distance (800 m – 5,000 m) runners performed 2 minutes of running at 3.05 m/s and 4.72 m/s on an treadmill. This approach allowed...

Appropriate rehydration and nutrient intake in recovery is a key component of exercise performance. This study investigated whether the recovery of body net fluid balance (NFB) following exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of body mass (BM) was enhanced by a metered rate of ingestion of milk (M) compared with a carbohydrate–electrolyte solutio...

The importance of growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle is vital for long term health and quality of life. Appropriate nutrition with specific bioactivities relevant to the functionalities of tissues such as skeletal muscle, can assist in maintaining and promoting adaptive responses to biological and environmental stresses which prevent muscle...

Bovine milk proteins have emerged as a novel, dairy-based source of dietary antioxidants and a component of a nutritional strategy to maintain muscle mass during ageing. The aim of this study was to characterise the in vitro antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a milk-based protein matrix (MPM) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID)...

Muscle quality is defined as strength per unit muscle mass. The aim of this study was to measure the maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscle groups in healthy older women and to develop an index of muscle quality based on the combined knee extensor and flexor torque per unit lean tissue mass (LTM) of the upper leg....

Background: Key areas of research on the preservation of lean tissue mass (LTM) during aging are determinations of the protein requirement and optimal protein intake at meals. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of protein supplementation at breakfast and lunch for 24 wk beyond habitual intakes on whole-body LTM in healt...

Gaelic Football and Hurling are two sporting codes within the Gaelic Athletic Association. The purpose of this study was to report the body composition phenotype of inter-county Gaelic athletic association players, comparing groups by code and field position. 190 senior, male, outfield inter-county players (144 hurlers and 46 Gaelic footballers) we...

Temporal dynamics and magnitude of change in interstitial amino acid profile of human skeletal muscle sampled by microdialysis in response to ingestion of whey protein in males aged 18 to 30 years. .

Regional distribution of adiposity and lean tissue mass are predictors of health risk that cannot be defined by body mass index but can be attained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Age and sex-related adult ranges of whole-body and regional adiposity and lean tissue are not available for Irish men and women. The aim of this study was to c...

The measurement of human body composition plays an important role in qualifying health and nutritional status, the impact of disease, and change due to nutritional, therapeutic, or behavioral intervention. The accurate identification of those with either normal or nonnormal components of body composition requires an understanding of the available m...

Enzymatically hydrolysed milk proteins have a variety of biofunctional effects some of which may be beneficial in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercially available intact and hydrolysed whey protein ingredients (DH 32, DH 45) on markers of the enteroinsular axis (glucagon like...

Bovine milk is a complete food with intrinsic bioactive properties1. A glucose independent increase in the circulating concentration of the incretin hormones in response to the ingestion of milk proteins has been previously reported2. The aim of this study was to characterise the insulinotropic and enterogastric properties of a novel milk protein m...

Background: Studies evaluating exercise interventions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) demonstrate small to medium positive effects and large variability on a number of outcome measures. No study to date has tried to explain this variability. Objective: This paper presents a novel exploration of data examining the predictors of outcome f...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing and it is estimated that by 2030 approximately 366 million people will be diagnosed with this condition. The use of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors is an emerging strategy for the treatment of T2DM. DPP-IV is a ubiquitous aminodipeptidase that cleaves incretins such as gluc...

Sarcopenia has been attributed to a diminished postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. Differences in digestion and absorption kinetics of dietary protein and/or its amino acid composition have been suggested to modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. The amino acid composition of dairy protein, especially whey, has the potential to...

A method to estimate dietary total antioxidant capacity among elderly Irish women - Volume 72 Issue OCE4 - C. Norton, P. Jakeman

Background: Although there are many studies evaluating exercise interventions, few studies have evaluated the effect at follow-up. Objectives: This paper presents follow-up data for participants who completed the exercise interventions in a large randomised controlled trial. Methods: One hundred twenty-one people with multiple sclerosis (MS) w...

Background: While there is an increasing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), additional information on the effectiveness of combining aerobic and resistance training, and yoga is required. Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of community exercise interventions for people wit...

The beneficial effects of food-derived antioxidants in health promotion and disease prevention are being increasingly recognized. Recently, there has been a particular focus on milk-derived peptides; as a source of antioxidants, these peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein but can be released during enzyme hydrolysis. Once...

Background Osteoporosis constitutes a major public health concern and its underlying pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. Although hereditary factors strongly contribute to bone health, behavioural factors can modulate the genetically determined pattern of skeletal modelling and remodelling. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the e...

Anthropometric data indicate that the human phenotype is changing. Today's adult is greater in stature, body mass and fat mass. Accurate measurement of body composition is necessary to maintain surveillance of obesity within the population and to evaluate associated interventions. The aim of the present study was to construct and validate generalis...

It is not established whether myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is associated with structural brain changes. The aim of this study was to investigate this by conducting the largest voxel-based morphometry study to date in CFS. High-resolution structural 3 T cerebral MRI scanning was carried out in 26 patients with CFS and 26...

This study evaluated the ability of ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous adiposity to accurately determine whole body and segmental body fat in young adults aged 18-29 years. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured by ultrasound at five body sites in 135 subjects (83 men, 52 women) and compared with the corresponding segmental fa...

The purpose of this study was to describe running economy, soccer specific endurance, and selected kinematic running criteria in soccer players with cerebral palsy (SPCP) and to compare them with values of position-matched players without CP. Fourteen international, male soccer players with cerebral palsy completed the "Yo-Yo" intermittent recovery...

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of BIA in the measurement of total body composition and regional fat and the fat free mass in the healthy young adults. Four hundred and three healthy young adults (167 women and 236 men) aged 18-29 years were recruited from the Mid-West region of Ireland. Multi frequency, eight-polar bioelectri...

The search for valid, reliable and inexpensive methods of measuring body composition is an ongoing issue for many researchers. In particular, the measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is carried out by numerous methods, each with its own drawbacks. Skinfold thickness measurement is the most common in-field method, but it is limited by it...