Philip Douglas Cantino

• Ph.D.
• Professor Emeritus at Ohio University

Ajugoideae, the third-largest subfamily of Lamiaceae with 23 genera and about 760 species, is distributed worldwide, but is primarily found in tropical regions. During the past two decades, substantial progress has been made towards discerning phylogenetic relationships and generic boundaries in Ajugoideae, but major questions still remain. This ph...

Ajugoideae, the third-largest subfamily of Lamiaceae with 23 genera and about 760 species, is distributed worldwide, but is primarily found in tropical regions. During the past two decades, substantial progress has been made towards discerning phylogenetic relationships and generic boundaries in Ajugoideae, but major questions still remain. This ph...

Lamiaceae, the sixth largest angiosperm family, contains more than 7000 species distributed all over the world. However, although considerable progress has been made in the last two decades, its phylogenetic backbone has never been well resolved. In the present study, a large-scale phylogenetic reconstruction of Lamiaceae using chloroplast sequence...

The subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae) comprises ten tribes, of which only Stachydeae and Synandreae include New World members. Previous studies have investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the members of Synandreae based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA loci. In an effort to re-examine the phylogenetic relationships within Synandreae,...

DNA sequence alignment of the COR locus

Concatenated DNA sequence alignment of four loci: PHOT1, PHOT2, COR, and PPR

DNA sequence alignment of the PHOT1 locus

DNA sequence alignment of the PHOT2 locus

The subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae) comprises ten tribes, of which only Stachydeae and Synandreae include New World members. Previous studies have investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the members of Synandreae based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA loci. In an effort to re-examine the phylogenetic relationships within Synandreae,...

The Bakeridesia integerrima complex is a geographically and morphologically variable group consisting of populations that have been variously assigned to B. integerrima, B. molinae, B. bakeriana, and B. subcordata. Phenetic analyses of morphological data were undertaken to clarify species boundaries within this complex. Ninety-five specimens were p...

The monotypic genus Holocheila was originally placed in Teucrium sect. Holocheila but was later treated as a distinct genus and variably affiliated with subfamilies Ajugoideae, Scutellarioideae, or Lamioideae. We investigated the phylogenetic position of this enigmatic genus using likelihood, parsimony, and Bayesian methods based on six plastid DNA...

The recently established tribe Gomphostemmateae (Lamiaceae) consists of Gomphostemma, Bostrychanthera and Chelonopsis, but relationships within and between these genera have not been well studied. Only six of the approximately 46 species of Gomphostemmateae have been included in any previous phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, we used DNA...

The boundaries between the genera Bakeridesia and Abutilon have long been debated. Results from recent phylogenetic studies using the rDNA ITS in tribe Malveae strongly suggest that these two genera as currently delimited are polyphyletic. Some species previously included in each genus form a well-supported clade that is phylogenetically removed fr...

The eradication of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) from natural populations has proven to be difficult; however, manual removal efforts can be effective at reducing or eliminating small populations when repeated for several years, exhausting the seed bank. We evaluated a variety of manual removal methods for efficacy in reducing viable seed pro...

The phylogenetic position of the monotypic genus Wenchengia has long been controversial. It variously has been assigned to a monotypic subfamily Wenchengioideae, treated as a member of subfamily Scutellarioideae, or suggested to be related to Lamioideae or Ajugoideae. The recent rediscovery of Wenchengia alternifolia from its type locality provided...

Background/Question/Methods Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasions are a threat to the diversity of understory forest communities. Manual removal is one of several approaches to eradication of targeted A. petiolata populations. Because of A. petiolata's reputed ability to set seed even after plants have been uprooted, recommendations for man...

Trichostema (Lamiaceae) is a North American genus comprising five sections and 18 species. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using DNA sequences (ITS, ndhF) and morphology (63 characters). The monophyly of Trichostema is well supported in four analyses (ITS, ndhF, ITS + ndhF, ITS + ndhF + morphology), but not in the analysis based on morphol...

This is an abbreviated version of a paper that appears in full in the Electronic supplement to Taxon. Phylogenetic definitions are provided for the names of 20 clades of vascular plants (plus 33 others in the electronic supplement). Emphasis has been placed on well-supported clades that are widely known to non-specialists and/or have a deep origin...

Phylogenetic definitions are provided for the names of 53 clades of vascular plants. Emphasis has been placed on well‐supported clades that are widely known to non‐specialists and/or have a deep origin within Tracheophyta or Angiospermae. These treatments follow the draft PhyloCode and illustrate the application of phylogenetic nomenclature in a va...

Phylogenetic definitions are provided for the names of 53 clades of vascular plants. Emphasis has been placed on well-supported clades that are widely known to non-specialists and/or have a deep origin within Tracheophyta or Angiospermae. These treatments follow the draft PhyloCode and illustrate the application of phylogenetic nomenclature in a va...

The Second Meeting of the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature (ISPN) convened at Yale University in New Haven from June 28 to July 2, 2006. In addition to contributed talks, the conference included symposia on phylogenetic nomenclature of species, phyloinformatics, and implementing phylogenetic nomenclature. Other discussion focused...

The 1055 ha Strouds Run State Park is located in the southern unglaciated Allegheny Plateau physiographic province in southeastern Ohio. The park has a rugged landscape with steep-sided, narrowly rounded hills and narrow, V-shaped valleys. The vegetation consists mainly of oak-dominated and mixed mesophytic forests but also includes marshes, rock o...

Collinsonia (Lamiaceae) is a small genus restricted to eastern North America with four species commonly recognized: C. canadensis, C. serotina, C. tuberosa, and C. verticillata. Considerable taxonomic confusion exists within subgenus Collinsonia (all taxa except C. verticillata). Principal components and canonical variates analysis were performed o...

Laurin, M., de Queiroz, K. & Cantino, P. D. (2006). Sense and stability of taxon names. —Zoologica Scripta, 35, 113 –114.

A report from the First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting recently published in Cladistics conveys several misconceptions about the PhyloCode and presents an erroneous interpretation of discussions that took place at that meeting. Contrary to Pickett's assertions, the PhyloCode is designed to name clades, not paraphyletic groups; the...

The First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting convened in Paris from July 6–9, 2004 in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. This meeting marked a turning point in the history of biological nomenclature — the inauguration of a new society (the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature) that will soon launch a code of phylo...

The United Plant Savers' (UpS) botanical sanctuary in southeastern Ohio was created to protect native medicinal plants by protecting their habitat. Located in the southern unglaciated Allegheny Plateau physiographic province, this 155 ha preserve is 70% (110 ha) deciduous forest, 30% (45 ha) old fields, and contains one small opening that was surve...

Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or perennial or annual herbs, rarely climbers, aromatic or not. Roots rarely tuberous. Stems often quadrangular, erect to prostrate, somtimes forming usually present, of glandular, rarely scale-like, usually multicellular-uniseriate, simple, branched, dendroid or stellate, sometimes gland-tipped, large-headed subsessile gla...

Perennial herbs from short, vertical rhizome, non-aromatic, with simple hairs; mature root system wholly adventitious; stem erect, usually unbranched, basally terete, quadrangular upward, usually swollen above lower nodes. Leaves opposite, petiolate,with pinnate venation. Inflorescence racemose, terminal and axillary. Flowers perfect, hypogynous, s...

The proposal to implement a phylogenetic nomenclatural system governed by the PhyloCode), in which taxon names are defined by explicit reference to common descent, has met with strong criticism from some proponents of phylogenetic taxonomy (taxonomy based on the principle of common descent in which only clades and species are recognized). We examin...

Forey's Part I (Goals and Mechanics of the PhyloCode) ' ' Part 1 of Forey's paper was intended to provide readers with an impartial description of the goals and mechanics of the PhyloCode. This section is largely accurate but omits some important issues, which we would like to describe, and contains some misleading statements, which we would like t...

Linnaean binomial nomenclature is logically incompatible with the phylogenetic nomenclature of de Queiroz and Gauthier (1992, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:449-480): The former is based on the concept of genus, thus making this rank mandatory, while the latter is based on phylogenetic definitions and requires the abandonment of mandatory ranks. Thus, i...

A new species, Monochilus obovatus P. D. Cantino, is described from Goiás, Brazil. It differs from the only previously known species of Monochilus in leaf shape, calyx size, and corolla shape.

The delimitation of Caryopteris (Lamiaceae) exemplifies thr conflict between the representation of monophyletic groups and pragmatic concerns in Linnaean classification. Cladistic analyses of nonmolecular (mainly morphological) data and chloroplast DNA (rbcL and ndhF) sequences were performed to test the monophyly of the eastern Asian genus Caryopt...

Obtegomeria Doroszenko & P. D. Cantino, a new genus based on Satureja sect. Obtectae Epling & Jativa, is distinguished from the rest of the Satureja complex by the combination of stiffly ascending, replicate leaves, lower lip of the corolla nearly to fully as long as the tube, and reticulate pollen. Obtegomeria is monotypic and endemic to Colombia....

Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) is a large complex (ca. 225 spp.) that is variably treated as comprising from one to as many as 17 genera. The North American representatives are usually assigned toCalamintha, Clinopodium, Micromeria, Piloblephis, orSatureja. A recent chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis indicates that inclusion ofSatureja s.str.,Mic...

The family Lamiaceae was used as a case study to compare our current system of nomenclature with a phylogenetic alternative proposed by de Queiroz and Gauthier (1992, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:449-480), with emphasis on nomenclatural stability and efficiency. Comparison of published cladistic analyses revealed 19 suprageneric clades within Lamiacea...

The family Lamiaceae was used as a case study to compare our current system of nomenclature with a phylogenetic alternative proposed by de Queiroz and Gauthier (1992, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:449-480), with emphasis on nomenclatural stability and efficiency. Comparison of published cladistic analyses revealed 19 suprageneric clades within Lamiacea...

Parsimony analysis of cpDNA restriction site variation supports monophyly of subfamily Nepetoideae, However, a close relationship among Nepetoideae and other gynobasic-styled Labiatae is not supported, indicating that a gynobasic style has evolved independently in at least two clades of Labiatae. The inferred relationships are congruent with the cl...

Parsimony analysis of cpDNA restriction site variation supports monophyly of subfamily Nepetoideae. However, a close relationship among Nepetoideae and other gynobasic-styled Labiatae is not supported, indicating that a gynobasic style has evolved independently in at least two clades of Labiatae. The inferred relationships are congruent with the cl...

Pollen morphology was surveyed in 57 of the 60 genera of Lamioideae and Pogostemonoideae sensu Cantino et al. and two genera of uncertain subfamilial affinities: Anisomeles and Eurysolen. Pollen in all Pogostemonoideae, most Lamioideae, Anisomeles, and Eurysolen is tricolpate with suprareticulate sculpturing. Variants found in a few genera of Lamio...

A palynological survey of Tribe Prostanthereae (Labiatae) reveals that the pollen is tricolpate or 6- (8) colpate, tectate-perforate to reticulate, with or without spinulose sculpturing; the columellae are simple and the colpal membranes bear sexine elements. Three sculpturing variants are distinguishable. None of the pollen types in the Prostanthe...

Caryopteris, an Asian genus of 16 species, has greater pollen diversity than has been reported in any other genus of Labiatae. The pollen morphology of 15 species is documented here. Three pollen types are distinguished on the basis of exine structure and sculpturing: spinulose to spinose with slender, finely divided columellae (alternatively inter...

Cantino, P. D. & Abu‐Asab, M. S.: A new look at the enigmatic genus Wenchengia (Labiatae). — Taxon 42: 339–344. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262. The phylogenetic position of Wenchengia is considered in the light of new data on its pollen morphology and leaf epidermal anatomy. The pollen is tricolpate, tectate‐perforate, supra‐reticulate and has simple colum...

A palynological survey of tribe Ajugeae (Labiatae) reveals an exceptional amount of variation in an otherwise rather stenopalynous family. Five pollen types are distinguished based on differences in colpal structure (operculate vs. inoperculate), supratectal sculpturing, and the structure of the columellate stratum. Only one of these pollen types o...

The pollen morphology of Phryma and some of its putative relatives was investigated with the hope that it might clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, which has been placed in the Verbenaceae by some authors and segregated as the Phrymaceae (in the Lamiales or Scrophulariales) by others. The pollen of Phryma is tricolpate (contrary to...

A preliminary cladistic analysis suggests that the Labiatae are polyphyletic as presently circumscribed. The gynobasic-styled Labiatae emerge as a clade, nested within a larger group characterized by suprareticulate pollen and a fruit composed of nutlets. The latter includes the bulk of the Labiatae plus the verbenaceous genera Garrettia and Holmsk...

Cantino, P. D.: Conspecific status of Cardioteucris cordifolia (Labiatae) and Caryopteris siccanea (Verbenaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 441–443. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262. Cardioteucris cordifolia C. Y. Wu and Caryopteris siccanea W. W. Smith, described in the Labiatae and Verbenaceae , respectively, represent the same species, best retained in Caryopteris rath...

The pollen of all 16 species of Trichostema (including Isanthus) was examined, using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to understand better its relationship to other genera and to evaluate Lewis's sectional classification on the basis of a new set of characters. The monotypic genera Amethystea and Cardioteucris were included i...

Cronquist (1987) criticizes cladism for its rejection of paraphyletic groups, which he would retain if he feels they are “conceptually useful.” We argue that paraphyletic higher taxa are artificial classes created by taxonomists who wish to emphasize particular characters or phenetic “gaps,” and that formal recognition of such taxa conveys a mislea...

A large, minimally disturbed, and floristically diverse old-growth forest (Hawk Woods) on the Allegheny Plateau in south-eastern Ohio was studied to compare woody vegetation structure, composition, and soils both within and among communities. Five vegetation types were initially identified based on visual estimates of dominance and indicator specie...

A subfamilial level classification of Labiatae, originally proposed by G. Erdtman on the basis of pollen features, has received substantial corroboration in the European literature but remains little known in North America. In subfam. Lamioideae, pollen is usually tricolpate and shed in a two-celled stage; in subfam. Nepetoideae (Dumortier) Luersse...

Chromosome numbers are documented for the first time for Brazoria, Macbridea, and Synandra. The latter two have 2n = 18. Brazoria comprises two cytologically distinct subgroups: 1) B. scutellarioides, with 2n = 20 plus one to four small bodies interpreted as supernumerary chromosomes, and 2) B. arenaria, B. pulcherrima, and B. truncata, with 2n = 2...

The outgroup substitution approach can be used when a well-corroborated hypothesis of the more inclusive cladistic relationships of a study group is unavailable. It is particularly appropriate when the set of outgroups, each of which could plausibly be the sister group, includes some that may be only distantly related to others. All plausible siste...

A list is provided of all the legitimate names available for application to subtribes, tribes, subfamilies, and segregate families of the Lamiaceae. The names Elsholtzieae, Prunelleae and Tetrachondraceae are formally validated. Also presented are earlier generically based names which are invalid or inoperative under Art. 35.2 of the Code. Correct...

The Boraginaceae and Scrophulariales have each been proposed as the closest extant relative of the Lamiales (i.e., Labiatae plus Verbenaceae). Characters supporting the two hypotheses are evaluated in light of cladistic principles. Character polarity is determined primarily through outgroup comparison. Because of uncertainty about the identity of t...