Phil Warman

Coastal BioAgresearch Ltd · Agri. Research

A field study was conducted to assess the benefits, with respect to soil physical properties and soil organic matter fractions of utilizing composts from a diversity of sources in perennial forage production. A mixed forage (timothy-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and monocrop timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward were fertilized annually with ammo...

Experiments involved the comparison of three procedures used to determine compost maturity/phytotoxicity. The three tests evaluated were the CCME germination test (1996), a modified Zucconi et al. (1981) extract and a direct seed procedure. Three different plant species and seven types of ‘composts’ were used. The species were cress (Lepidium sativ...

A plant biological assay or bioassay for determining compost quality and/or maturity has received attention over the past two decades. However, no universal acceptance for compost quality is evident and cress, which was first reported to be used as a plant bioassay, is still the most commonly used. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that cre...

A comparative investigation for recovery of 17 elements by using three digestion methods (nitric acid, nitric/perchloric acid and dry ashing) in six mature composts was conducted. The elements measured were Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn. Two of the composts were prepared from mixtures of racetrack manure and s...

Experiments with asparagus and half-high blueberries were conducted using different organic fertilizers for as short as two years to as long as eight years and used to grow the crops in different sandy loam soils. Composts, compost teas, blood meal or soybean meal (Soy), and ground rock phosphate (RP) were used as treatments. The three types of mat...

Asparagus grown organically (no chemical fertilizers or pesticides) is not a common practice, however, there is a great demand for this product worldwide. Composting of source-separated municipal solid waste (MSW) has been legislated in Nova Scotia for over 10 years, so there is an abundant supply of material for horticultural use. Yet, few studies...

2011. Assessing soil nitrogen availability in contrasting cropping systems at the end of transition to organic production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 493Á501. Quantifying soil nitrogen (N) availability at the end of a transition period for converting conventional fields to organic fields could enhance N management during the subsequent organic crop prod...

Evaluation of fertility sources for certified organic greenhouse vegetable production is necessary for further industry growth. Two experiments tested the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and water extract tea made from it on potted greenhouse tomatoes. The first used MSWC alone (two levels) and soil tea drench alone (three applicati...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is readily available in eastern Canada and may be a good source of fertility. A 3-year experiment evaluated the effects of MSW compost and fertilizer on soil fertility, elemental composition and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in a sandy loam soil. Three rates of compost (MSW1, MSW2, and MSW3), one r...

Growth in the organic industry has prompted the need for evaluation of allowable fertility amendments. Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. gemmifera DC) growth was compared using an organic fertilizer blend (OF), municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), two rates of a MSWC tea (MSWT × 1 and MSWT × 2), and a soil-applied tea drench (MSWTD). OF and M...

Organic farming systems often involve livestock and/or forages. However, managing soil nitrogen (N) availability by adjusting soil amendment rates and forage duration in crop rotations is a challenge. A 4-year experiment was conducted to evaluate N availability in the fourth year of organic potato systems with contrasting livestock and forage compo...

The study was undertaken to determine the impact of high-metal composts on the activities of four soil enzymes. High concentrations of metal salts (Cr, Cu, Ni or a Co-Mo-Pb combination) were added to feedstocks during the thermophilic stage of composting. These four metal-enriched composts and an unamended control compost were then mixed with soil...

Cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of the cement industry currently being landfilled, may be a beneficial soil amendment. A 2-yr field forage trial compared the effect of surface applications of CKD and lime on forage yield and the concentration and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue. Seven soil treatments in t...

This study determined feedstock effects on earthworm populations and the quality of resulting vermicomposts produced from different types of feedstocks using different vermicomposting durations. Feedstock combinations (Kitchen Paper Waste (KPW), Kitchen Yard Waste (KYW), Cattle Manure Yard Waste (CMY)), three durations of vermicomposting (45, 68 or...

Field experiments were initiated in May 1999 and continued through 2002 to investigate the application of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and fertilizers to lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields. Three sites were selected: Debert, N.S. (Truro sandy loam) and two sites near Musquodoboit, N.S. (both Rawdon gravely loamy sands)....

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is an ‘organic’ amendment and can influence nutrient mineralization and subsequent plant growth. A three-year field experiment evaluated the effects of MSW compost and fertilizer on soil fertility and elemental analysis of squash (Cucurbita maxima cv. Buttercup) grown in a Pugwash sandy loam soil in Nova Scotia,...

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chromium compost (0, 10, 30, and 50%) on the growth and the concentrations of some trace elements in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and in the amended soils. Compost addition to the soil (up to 30%) increased dry matter yield (DMY); more than 30% decreased DMY slightly. The application of com...

Three levels of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and two application rates of compost tea made with MSWC were applied to strawberries for two years. The highest level of application of MSWC significantly increased the concentrations of most extractable soil mineral elements except for Ni which was increased in the highest compost tea applicatio...

A pot experiment evaluated the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgar) and accumulation of molybdenum (Mo) in plants and soils following amendments of Mo compost (1.0 g kg−1) to a Truro sandy loam. The treatments consisted of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, and 50% Mo compost by volume. The Mo compost did not affect dry‐matter yiel...

An experiment was initiated in 1997 to compare two application rates of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost with commercial fertilizer for the cultivation of “Willamette” raspberries. Mehlich 3 extractable soil elements, plant leaf tissue, and fruit elemental analysis were assessed from 2000 to 2002. The lower rate of compost was applied to provide...

BACKGROUND: Compost teas are purported to serve as an effective source of nutrients; however, there is little scientific evidence to support or refute this claim. Compost tea infusions made with municipal solid waste compost and ruminant compost were used as amendments for strawberry cultivation and their efficacy was compared to municipal solid wa...

BACKGROUND: The nutrition of food is increasingly important to consumers. The popularity of organic food rests partly on the assumption that these products are healthier despite a lack of conclusive evidence. The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments on parameters of strawberry fruit quality, in terms of sugar, macro- and micro-nut...

Although there is a considerable amount of interest in organically produced crops, there is a lack of scientific research evaluating vegetable production from paired organic and conventional experimental plots. A comparative study was conducted for three years in a Pugwash sandy loam near Truro, N.S. Five replicates of two treatments (organic and c...

The organic produce industry is gaining popularity with consumers because of the perception for healthier foods and the environmental benefits of this agricultural practice. Common amendments in organic agriculture include compost and compost tea, the latter being a relatively new product in North America. The main objective of this study was to as...

Fertility management has been a major concern for carrot growers because there has been little or no yield response to fertilizer application in various trials, even when fertilizer is based on soil test recommendations. Tissue testing may be an appropriate method to manage fertilizer applications to carrots. A greenhouse trial was conducted to ide...

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is increasingly used in agriculture as a soil conditioner but also as a fertilizer. Proponents of this practice consider it an important recycling tool since MSW would otherwise be landfilled and critics are concerned with its often elevated metal concentrations. Large amounts of MSW compost are frequently used i...

Organic sources of nutrients are increasingly being used in horticultural and certified organic production. The nutrient-supplying potentials of poultry manure compost (PM), feather meal (FM), alfalfa meal (AA) and vermicastings (VC) and an unamended control were measured in a growth room experiment. The amendments were applied at rates equivalent...

Isotope fractionation during composting may produce organic materials with a more homogenous δ13C and δ15N signature allowing study of their fate in soil. To verify this, C, N, δ13C and δ15N content were monitored during nine months covered (thermophilic; >40 °C) composting of corn silage (CSC). The C concentration reduced from 10.34 to 1.73 g C (g...

Public concern related to pesticides and genetically modified foods has prompted a rise of consumer interest in organically produced foods. Currently, organic agriculture is the fastest growing sector of the agriculture industry. Potatoes are an important vegetable crop in Canada and are subject to attack by many pests. In particular, the Colorado...

This is the second of two papers presenting the data from an experiment on the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge (AES), anaerobic lagoon septic wastes (ANS), sewage sludge compost and fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn production at two different sites in Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractab...

This paper presents the data from two years of experiments concerned with the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge, anaerobic lagoon septic sludge, sewage sludge compost or fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn (Zea mays L.) production at two different sites 45 km from Truro, Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehl...

Organic materials applied to soils can influence soil phosphorus (P) dynamics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost on soil P availability and uptake by potato (Solanum tuberosum) and sweet corn (Zea mays) crops grown in a Pugwash sandy loam soil in Nova Scotia, Canada. Three rates of compost...

A project was initiated to determine the best predictor of plant-available phosphorus (P) for the Nova Scotia lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) from the following extractants: Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, Bray 1, modified Morgan, and the anion exchange membrane. The study was initiated in 1999 with three newly established sites; two loamy s...

A study of compost- versus conventionally-fertilized vegetable plots was conducted for 12 years in a sandy loam soil near Truro, Nova Scotia. The fertility treatments have been applied annually to six rotation plots planted with six to eight different vegetable crops. The composts consist of animal manure, food waste, yard waste and straw or racetr...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops. Soils growing Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were amended (by volume) with 0, 20, 40, and 60% Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (SS-MSW) compost, and...

This 2-yr field trial on forage plots compared the relative effectiveness of surface applications of cement kiln dust (CKD) to lime for raising soil pH. Seven soil treatments, in four blocks, were established at four low pH sites, which were: (1) a check plot; (2) lime at the recommended application (L), based on soil test for each site; (3) lime a...

Field experiments were initiated in May 1999 to investigate the application of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost to low-bush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields. Three sites were selected: Debert, NS (Truro sandy loam) and two sites near Musquodoboit, NS (both Rawdon gravely loamy sands). Treatments at each site consisted of a randomi...

Perennial forages may be ideally suited for fertilization with slow N release amendments such as composts, but difficulties in predicting N supply from composts have limited their routine use in forage production. A field study was conducted to compare the yield and protein content of a binary legume-grass forage mixture and a grass monocrop cut tw...

A controlled environment experiment was conducted to determine the effect of amending soil with various rates of high-Cu compost (0, 20, 40, and 60% compost/soil by volume) on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) yields, on fractionation of Cu and Zn in soils, on elemental composition of soil and tissue, and on the ess...

A growth room experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, and Se from a sandy loam soil amended with source-separated municipal solid waste (SSMSW) compost. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% SSMSW...

A greenhouse container experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of high Cu compost on basil and Swiss chard productivity, and the accumulation of As, Ca, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Na, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S and Se in growth medium and plant tissue. The Cu content of the compost was over 1200 mg/kg, much higher than Canadian standards for typ...

A greenhouse container experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of high Cu compost on basil and Swiss chard productivity, and the accumulation of As, Ca, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Na, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S and Se in growth medium and plant tissue. The Cu content of the compost was over 1200 mg/kg, much higher than Canadian standards for typ...

A comparative investigation for recovery of 17 elements by using three digestion methods (nitric acid, nitric/perchloric acid and dry ashing) in six mature composts was conducted. The elements measured were Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn. Two of the composts were prepared from mixtures of racetrack manure and s...

Composting of source-separated municipal solid waste (SSMSW) is an option currently used to divert refuse from landfills. There is interest in using this material to alleviate soil constraints. Since many livestock producers ensile their cereals, after harvesting at boot-stage, the purpose of this project was to determine the effect that SSMSW comp...

Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri cv. ‘Coral Beauty’ were grown in containers in combinations of source-separated municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and peat (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 by volume), or spruce bark compost and peat (similar proportions) in each of the two consecutive years. MSW compost was obtained from the same commercial comp...

 Humic substances are the most dynamic component of agricultural soils. In this study, humic substances were extracted from soils based on standard acid/base solubility and by gel filtration using Sephadex G25. Organic P is a component of humic substances, and inositol phosphates are considered to have high prominence in organic P. The objectives o...

Four crops were grown in three soil types at four sites near Truro, Nova Scotia in 1998. Water pH measurements and the Adams‐Evans (A‐E) Lime Requirement Test (LRT) suggested amounts of limestone required to bring the soil pH to 6.5. However, to evaluate the accuracy of three LRT procedures (A‐E, Shoemaker, McLean & Pratt, and Mehlich), a range of...

A 3-yr experiment compared the effects of the fertilization of mixed forages with fresh and composted chicken manure and NPK fertilizer. Amendments were applied at three N levels, and an unfertilized treatment was included. The experiment was conducted in two hay fields: A sandy loam and a silty clay loam, near Truro, Nova Scotia. Mehlich 3- extrac...

An experiment was conducted for 3 yr to compare the effects of fertilization of mixed forage with fresh and composted chicken manure and inorganic NPK. Fertility amendments were applied each year at three N levels and an unfertilized treatment was included. The experiment was conducted in two hay fields near Truro, Nova Scotia. Dry matter yield and...

Available phosphorus (P) is often low in acid soils either due to its adsorption or precipitation by iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides. Ultra‐violet (UV) light can induce the release of P from Fe(III)‐P compounds though the photo‐reduction process. Soils collected from a permanent timothy (Phleum pratense) pasture, subjected to manure applications at...

 In order to estimate the role of phosphatases in maintaining the potential bioavailable P pool in soils, water and 0.4 M NaOH soil extracts were incubated with immobilized acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phospholipase and nuclease, separately, and in combinations. Immobilized nuclease at an optimum pH of 7.0 hydrolyzed the most soluble unr...

Four crops were grown in three soil types at four sites near Truro, Nova Scotia in 1998. Water pH measurements and the Adams-Evans (A-E) Lime Requirement Test (LRT) suggested amounts of limestone required to bring the soil pH to 6.5. However, to evaluate the accuracy of three LRT procedures (A-E, Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt, and Mehlich), a range o...

Soil samples from different land use systems were collected before cropping (in spring) and after harvest (in fall) for organic phosphorus (P) extractions by 0.4M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and characterization by P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To prevent hydrolysis of organic P compounds prior to sample concentration, NaOH was removed fro...

A comparative study from paired organic (compost only) and conventional vegetable production plots has been conducted since 1990 in a sandy loam soil near Truro, N.S. The fertility treatments have been applied annually to rotation plots planted to various vegetable crops. Compost and fertilizer applications have been based on the results of soil sa...

An experiment was conducted for three years in a Pugwash sandy loam near Truro, NS. Five replicates of two treatments (organic and conventional) were established annually in different plot areas for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. Superior) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata `Sunnyvee' or `Pride and Joy'. The addition of pesticides, lime an...

An Acadia silty clay and a Pugwash sandy loam were each fertilized with three rates of either composted chicken manure, fresh chicken manure, or synthetic fertilizer. The effects of these amendments on soil microbial activity (dehydrogenase enzyme activity, DHA), organic C and pH were monitored. The sandy loam soil, which was relatively high in org...

Research was conducted for 3 years in different plot areas of a Pugwash sandy loam near Truro, N.S. Five replicates of two treatments (organic and conventional) were established annually for carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. ‘Cellobunch’) and cabbages (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata cv. ‘Lennox’). The addition of pesticides, lime and NPK fertilizer...

The arylsulfatase activity of soil and humic arylsulfatase complexes extracted from soil were measured using the substrates p-nitrophenyl sulfate and low molecular weight (500–10000) soil ester sulfate compounds. Soil samples from the Ap horizon of a Podzol from S-amended wheat plots and a Regosol from dykeland hayfield plots were investigated. Soi...

An experiment was conducted to determine which of the two lime requirement tests (LRT) used in Maritime Canada (Adams‐Evans, SMP) are most appropriate, and to evaluate the effect of two sources of limestone (calcitic and dolomitic) on soil pH during a four month incubation period. Four soils, varying in texture from loamy sand to silty loam, and th...

Two experimental/demonstration composting operations were operated in 1993 and 1994. At one site, racetrack manure was composted by itself. At another site, composts were produced from mixtures of racetrack manure, grass clippings and sewage sludge on four specially constructed pads. These pads were lined with plastic to facilitate leachate collect...

The enzyme kinetics of an immobilized arylsulfatase reactor were examined. We found that the optimum operating conditions for the reactor were pH 7.0 and 25°C, using p-nitrophenyl sulfate in acetate buffer. The Michaelis constant (K m) of immobilized arylsulfatase was 5.29 mM, compared with a K m of 2.18 mM for soluble arylsulfatase from the same s...

Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the...

Sweet corn was grown in a sandy loam soil in southwestern Québec. The experiment evaluated the effect of five rates of dairy manure compost and timing of compost incorporation upon yield, macronutrient content and uptake by the corn and soil fertility at two depths and two sampling dates. The treatments had no effect on whole plant or ear weights....

Growth chamber experiments of canola (Brassica napus L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted using three soils testing low in extractable sulfate (9–12 mg/kg). Experiments were designed to determine how the three soils compared in plant available sulfur (S) and to test the effects of various rates of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and...

Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber using three soils testing low in extractable sulfate (SO4), and two crops, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). The study's objectives were to determine how the three soils compared in plant available sulfur (S) and to test the effects of various rates of pota...

An immobilized sulphatase reactor column was successfully used to determine the biochemical stability of ester sulphate in soil organic matter extracted from a podzol amended with gypsum. The sulphatase from Helix pomatia was covalently attached to controlled-porosity glass beads, and the immobilized enzyme was packed into a small glass column. The...

Two laboratory experiments evaluated the use of mineral amendments to reduce NH3 volatilization from dairy-and poultry-manure slurries during storage or when applied to soil.Fresh manure was amended at a 1% and a 3% rate with superphosphate (SP), rock phosphate (RP), and gypsum (GP) and stored for 30 days. Anaerobically stored manure was amended wi...

Seaweed and seaweed extracts have been reported to improve seed germination, crop yield, disease resistance, frost hardiness, etc. This study evaluated the germination of pea and sweet corn seeds and the growth of five vegetables treated with seaweed extracts in experimental field plots. Commercial seaweed extracts (Maxicrop and Micro-Mist 300) and...

Animal manures have been traditionally used as organic fertilizers; however, there is little documentation on the use of manures for greenhouse crops, partly due to odours and the assumption that manure salts in greenhouse soils will be toxic to plants. For this study, three crops of greenhouse tomatoes were grown in large containers of Pugwash san...

We studied the effect of soil pretreatment, molecular-weight fractionation, and K2SO4 addition on the concentration and biochemical stability of ester sulphate in soil organic matter. A labile ester sulphate fraction (8.1 g S g–1 soil) was detected in the organic matter extracted from a sulphate-rich podzolic sandy loam. This fraction was susceptib...

Flue‐cured tobacco was grown for two years in a Pugwash sandy loam near Truro, Nova Scotia. Two different rates of P, Mg and Zn fertilizers, and combinations thereof, were applied to the soil to determine the response in tobacco growth, leaf nutrient content, and soil fertility. Fertilizer treatments used were 87 and 174 kg P2O5/ha, 35 and 70 kg Mg...

A method of assessing the enzymatic hydrolysis of ester sulphate in soil organic matter was developed. Soil organic matter extracted using a mild, chelating resin extraction procedure was incubated with a sulphatase from Helix pomatia in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4–8) at 37C for 2h and the sulphate released was determined by a high performan...

A steady decline in sulfur additions to Atlantic Canadian soils has prompted the need for an accurate method of determining their plant available sulfur status. Three soils were extracted with five soil extractants ‐ 0.01M Ca(H2PO4)2‐H2O in 2M HOAc, 0.1M CaCl2, Bray‐1 and de‐ionized water. The soil extracts were analyzed for sulfur or sulfate using...

A field-size experiment was initiated in 1982 on an acid, low fertility Springhill silt loam to determine the effect of five unfertilized green manure crops (alsike clover, sweet clover, single- and double-cut red clover, and buckwheat) on subsequent oat production and soil fertility. The field was limed in 1982 and green manures were seeded (witho...

Organic matter was extracted from cultivated and uncultivated portions of two sandy loam soils using a mild pretreatment and chelation procedure. Soil organic constituents were separated into various molecular weight fractions by gel permeation chromatography. Molecular weight fractions were analyzed for peptide content using reverse-phase high per...

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) growth and soil fertility experiments were initiated with the transplanting of crowns at two locations in Nova Scotia. The objectives of the study were to determine the response of asparagus to different rates and sources of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Annual amendments were applied to provide a total of...

Low molecular weight fractions (LMW; <5000 daltons) of organic matter were isolated from three soils by a mild extraction procedure and gel-permeation chromatography. The peptides present in the LMW soil extracts were separated on a Whatman Partisphere C18 and a Beckman Ultrapore C8 column by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HP...

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) was grown in two soils in Nova Scotia, both initially low in fertility. Six legume green manure species were intercropped with recently transplanted asparagus and compared with a control for their effect on stem yield, spear yield, fern tissue analysis and soil fertility during and following incorporation. All i...

Organic matter was extracted from three soils, a cultivated Berwick sandy loam, a cultivated Franklin loamy sand, and an uncultivated Cumberland silty loam. Gel-permeation chromatography was used to separate organic matter extracts into high- (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fractions. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was u...

Field experiments were conducted for up to three years on two different Nova Scotia soils. Tomatoes and cabbage or cauliflower were grown in rotation on the same plots. Crops were amended with either inorganic fertilizer or two sources of three different types of animal manures. Red clover, sweet clover or common vetch were seeded as intercrops wit...

Field plot experiments were conducted over two years on two different Nova Scotian soils. Barley and corn were grown successively on the same plots fertilized with different types and sources of animal manures with and without clover intercrops. Barley and corn yields and leaf tissue were analysed for Cu, Mn, and Zn; DPTA extractable soil Cu, Mn, a...

Organic matter was extracted from three soils, a Berwick sandy loam, a Franklin loamy sand, and a Cumberland silty loam. The extracts were separated into high (>8000 daltons) and low-molecular-weight (<8000 daltons) fractions using gel filtration. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography at 214 nm was used to separate the peptides into...

The Gays River (NS) lead-zinc mine ceased operations in 1982. Seven ha of calcereous mine tailings were left which required stabilization. The tailings, variable in physical composition with depth, were devoid of organic matter, N and P. A potting experiment using the tailings, with and without fertilizer, established 6 plant species which could po...

Concrete lysimeters were filled with a Hebert sandy loam (pH 5.2, 1.5% Organic Carbon) and 5 rooted cuttings of either Augusta (ME3) or Chignecto (508) lowbush blueberries (Vaccininm angnst‐ifolium Ait.) were planted into each lysimeter in July, 1982. Fertility treatments were applied annually (1983–1985) in 3 replicates for each of the 2 clones. A...

Amino acids were extracted from fertility plots of a loamy sand soil with 0.05 M HF-HCl and with a 10% ethanol solution (free amino acids) and analysed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total quantities of amino-N compounds analysed were 4.4 g/g soil for the acid treatment and 22.6 g/g soil for the 10% ethanol extr...

A four-year field study was conducted on a Hebert gravelly sandy loam (pH 4.5) in Nova Scotia to assess the effects of pruning management and seven fertility amendments on lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium augustifolium Ait) production (yield, above ground and root tissue composition) and soil fertility. Pruning by oil burning produced higher fruit yiel...

Soil organic matter (OM) from seven different fertility plots of a loamy sand was extracted and fractionated into high- and low-molecular-weight (HMW, LMW) fractions using gel filtration. The fractions were acid-hydrolyzed to determine the amino sugar and amino acid contents. The same fractions were hydrolyzed with an immobilized protease reactor c...

The effect of dairy manure, chicken manure and fertilizer on timothy (Phleum pratense L. yield, tissue composition and soil fertility was assessed from 1980 to 1982. Field plots in Quebec on a clay soil compared fertilizer (110-85-85 kg ha−1 NP2O5K2O), dairy manure (DM1, DM2 = 44·8, 89·6 wet t ha−1) and chicken manure (CM1, CM2 = 16·8, 33·6 wet t...

Research determined the effect of fertilizer, sewage sludge and pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure on timothy (Phleum pratense L.) yield, tissue composition, and soil fertility from 1979 to 1982. Field plots in Quebec on sandy loam and clay loam soils compared 0 fertilizer and annual applications (1979-1981) of two rates of fertilizer (F1,F2 = 110-...

Soil organic matter was extracted from field soils using mild pretreatment and a Chelex 100 resin bed. The extracts were separated by molecular weight using a Sephadex G-25 gel permeation chromatography column. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and o-phthalialdehyde precolumn derivatization were used to rapidly determine the prim...

A lab incubation study was conducted on three Quebec soils over 29 months. Soils amended with either inorganic or organic fertilizer (composted manure) were sprayed 0, 2, 4, 8 or 16 times per year with endosulfan as Thiodan (2.2 kg/ha). Application of the endosulfan affected extractable soil levels of Ca and P in two of the above soils, but the res...

A field study conducted for three years on three different, soil types showed that the insecticide, endosulfan, had little effect on crop yield and plant tissue composition of cabbage, potato and strawberries. These crops were sprayed 0,2 or 8 times per season with a commercial endosulfan preparation. The mature tissue was analysed for N, P, K, Ca,...

Poultry manure from birds fed a ration containing 11 μg chlortetracycline (CTC)/g feed contained 22.5 μg CTC/g. Recovery rates of CTC added to manure were low (22–28%), so 22.5 μg/g must be considered a low estimate. When manure containing CTC was added to soil, no CTC was recovered at manure to soil ratios greater than 1:10. CTC in manure added to...

Poultry manure from animals fed recommended levels of amprolium and aureomycin was added to a Guelph loam soil. A soil perfusion experiment indicated that the feed additives in the manure had no effect on the nitrification rate of the soil. The rates of nitrification were 8.8 µg NO 3 ‐ ‐N·g soil ⁻¹ ·day ⁻¹ for the 11.2 metric tons/ha addition, 28.8...

Amprolium, a coccidiostat added to poultry feed, occurs in excreta at concentrations of 204 μ g−1 and investigations were made of the effect of this quantity of amprolium on the biochemistry of soil to which manure had been applied.Greenhouse experiments showed that 0.8 μg g−1 amprolium was found in soil pots 80 days after treatment with manure at...

Soils, to which poultry manure had been added at either, zero, 11.2, or 56.1 metric tons/ha, v/ere sampled at 1, 10, 40 and 160 days after the addition. The effect of the remaining organic matter on metal extractability was studied using Cd as an indicator ion.Less of the added Cd could be extracted as exchangeable Cd or complexed Cd (CuOAc extract...