Petra Jansen

Universität Regensburg | UR

Background: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness. Methods: In tota...

Objectives The primary goal of this study was to investigate the influence of the Mindfulness Education Workbook, a 6-week mindfulness-based tool, on emotion regulation, inhibition, physical self-concept, resources, and connectedness to nature. Furthermore, we explored whether a difference in number of hours of mindfulness practice would affect the...

Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a brief body-focused meditation on body ownership, while considering interoceptive abilities, dissociative experiences, mood, trait mindfulness, and meditation experience. Method The sample consisted of 111 healthy students who participated in a randomized controlled trial a...

The effect of different human body part stimuli in mental rotation tasks (MRTs) on postural stability was investigated in two dual-task experiments. There were significant differences within egocentric MRTs (Experiment 1, N = 46): Hand and foot stimuli tended to cause more body sway than whole-body figures and showed increased body sway for higher...

Background: Joint replacement surgeries have been known to be some of the most painful surgical procedures. Therefore, the options for postoperative pain management are of great importance for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite successful surgery, up to 30% of the patients are not satisfied after the operation. The aim of t...

In these times of intense political debate about climate change, it is more important than ever to understand which factors are central to adopting environmentally friendly behavior, like buying an electric car instead of a conventional one. The stage model of self-regulated behavioral change (SSBC) offers a promising explanatory approach in which...

The coronavirus pandemic has influenced the lives of many people. We analyzed the effects of physical activity and stress on students’ motivation during the pandemic. Participants were 254 university students who reported their academic motivation, physical activity, general stress, the coronavirus pandemic strain, and their coronavirus stress. Wom...

The Coronavirus Pandemic has affected the lives of almost everyone. The study’s primary goal is to analyze how mindfulness and heartfulness (gratitude and self-compassion) predict well-being and flourishing during the pandemic. Participants were 216 students completing questionnaires about well-being, flourishing, mindfulness, self-compassion, grat...

Dass es eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Motorik und Kognition gibt, ist mittlerweile vielfach belegt. Doch viele Details dieses Zusammenhangs sowie die zugrundelie­ genden Mechanismen sind nicht ganz klar. Eine Ursachenforschung kommt um die Betrachtung der neuronalen Prozesse nicht umhin. In diesem Beitrag soll eine Übersicht über einige aktuelle Erk...

We investigated sex differences in behavioral performance and cognitive load in chronometric mental rotation tasks with abstract and embodied figures. Eighty participants (44 females and 36 males) completed 126 items, which included cube figures, body postures, and human figures, which were all comparable in shape and color. Reaction time, accuracy...

Mit dem Studium beginnt eine neue Zeit der Eigenständigkeit. Es ist ein Sprung in etwas Unbekanntes. Der Studienführer bietet Anregungen, das Studium als Möglichkeit der eigenen persönlichen Entwicklung zu sehen. 26 nach dem Alphabet geordnete Stichworte regen zum Innehalten und Nachdenken an. Manche mögen inspirieren und berühren.

Men usually outperform women in psychometric mental rotation tests with cube figures. This advantage could be pronounced due to the male stereotyped rotational objects. The present study aims to investigate whether gender differences in favor of men are absent when the stimuli are less male stereotyped. Therefore, 112 participants solved three psyc...

Practice effects occur for many cognitive tasks. They are observed not only between repeated tests, but also within sessions. They can confound the detection of treatment effects, even when compared with control groups. We present an approach to reduce the impact of within-session practice effects through inclusion and manipulation of time in linea...

Background The main goal of the study was to investigate the effects of a short loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on explicit and implicit evaluations of oneself and disliked public persons. We expected a more positive explicit and implicit evaluation of oneself and a disliked public person after the LKM and a mood improvement. Methods Before and a...

Implicit and explicit attitudes influence our behavior. Accordingly, it was the main goal of the paper to investigate if those attitudes are related to body image satisfaction. 134 young women between 18 and 34 years completed an explicit affective rating and an implicit affective priming task with pictures of women with different BMIs. Because it...

We investigated gender differences in mental rotation performance in younger and older adolescents and effects of stereotype threat activation and a short mindfulness induction. Two hundred fifty younger adolescents from grades 5, 6, and 7 (119 boys) and 152 older adolescents from grades 10, 11, and 12 (80 boys) were divided into four groups with o...

Besides relying on explicit agency ratings, research concerning the sense of agency seeks to employ implicit measures. One such measure is intentional binding, i.e., the shortening of the perceived temporal interval between an action and its consequence. Multiple paradigms have been used to measure intentional binding. Our aim was to compare two co...

Men usually outperform women in mental rotation tests with larger differences in paper-pencil tests than in chronometric tests. Using male or female stereotyped objects instead of cube figures as rotational material, interactions of sex and material appear in paperpencil tests. In the present study, 117 participants (72 women) solved a chronometric...

Objectives It was the main goal of this study to investigate the explicit and implicit affective attitudes towards vegetarian food and the role of mindfulness. The results were related to goal intention in the stage model of self-regulated sustainable behavior change. Methods 182 participants completed a demographic questionnaire, a mindfulness an...

Previous research has shown that emotions can alter our sense of ownership. Whether this relationship is modulated by differences in emotion experience and awareness, however, remains unclear. We investigated this by comparing the susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) between participants who were either exposed to a low-arousing emotion...

For a long time now, digitalization has arrived in movement, play, sport, and dance. In many areas, the analog can hardly be separated from the digital. The situation seems to be different in the education sector. Where does sports science stand? What approaches does this cross-sectional discipline offer? The contributions in this volume provide in...

Mental rotation, the ability to manipulate mental images, is an important function in human cognition. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigates the potential of non‐invasive brain stimulation in modulation of this component of visuo‐spatial perception. The PubMed database was reviewed prior to 31/09/2020 on randomized controlled trials...

Soccer is one of the sports activities, where stereotypes against women are still quite common. Also, participation is lower for women in a male-stereotyped sport. One possible explanation might be different attitudes toward female and male athletes in a male-stereotyped sport. It is the main goal of this study toinvestigate if male soccer players...

The main goal of this correlational study is to examine the changes in the amount and type of physical activity of students of various study programs during the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the motives for these changes as well as their relationship with general well-being are investigated. Therefore, 243 students (sport science, humanities,...

The coronavirus pandemic has a high impact on mental health, as for example, anxiety. It was the main goal of this study to investigate if rumination and worry mediate the possible relation of self-compassion and fear of the future in females and males of three European and three Middle Eastern countries during the coronavirus pandemic. 2765 men an...

The effects of a brief mindfulness intervention and a stereotype threat activation on behavioural performance and cognitive load in a chronometric mental rotation test with cube figures were investigated. 107 participants (55 women and 52 men) were divided into four test groups (mindful or control intervention combined with or without stereotype th...

The aim of this study is to show the concordance of an app-based decision support system and the diagnosis given by spinal surgeons in cases of back pain. 86 patients took part within 2 months. They were seen by spine surgeons in the daily routine and then completed an app-based questionnaire that also led to a diagnosis independently. The results...

Studies have demonstrated that manual and mental rotation show common processes. Training studies have shown that a manual and concurrent visual rotation improves mental rotation performance. In this study, we separated the visual rotation from the manual rotation. 121 participants were randomly assigned to visual training, manual rotation training...

if also unconscious emotional evaluations of the stimuli are related to mental rotation performance. 114 students (39 men, 75 women) solved implicit and explicit affective evaluations and a psychometric mental rotation test with cube and pellet figures. Furthermore, the use of spatial toys, the stereotyping of spatial abilities, and the self-rating...

Until now, better performance in executive functions (EF) in musicians compared to non-musicians has not been investigated in relation to possible gender differences. For that, it is the main goal of this study to investigate possible gender differences in executive functions. Sixty-three musicians and 64 non-musicians, 63 men and 64 women respecti...

Embodiment theories have proposed a reciprocal relationship between emotional state and bodily reactions. Besides large body postures, recent studies have found emotions to affect rather subtle bodily expressions, such as slumped or upright sitting posture. This study investigated back muscle activity as an indication of an effect of positive and n...

Embodiment theories have proposed a reciprocal relationship between emotional state and bodily reactions. Besides large body postures, recent studies have found emotions to affect rather subtle bodily expressions, such as slumped or upright sitting posture. This study investigated back muscle activity as an indication of an effect of positive and n...

Identifying the correlates of competition anxiety is fundamental to athletes' well-being and performance. Self-compassion is gaining attention in sport psychology because of its associations with positive outcomes, while repetitive negative thinking (i.e. worry and rumination) is associated with negative conditions, such as anxiety. Building on pre...

In the last decades, studies on sport practice have shown positive relations of both self-compassion and flow with sport enjoyment, satisfaction, and performance. Despite this, little research focused on the relation between self-compassion and flow in martial arts. In particular, these relations were not examined for judo. The main aim of this stu...

The main goal of this study is to examine the relationship between mental rotation performance of female athletes and sports that are gender stereotyped and show different motor demand profiles. 94 female athletes (handball, combat sport, sport students) participated in an egocentric and object-based mental rotation task using figures of human body...

In this study, the affective explicit and implicit attitudes toward electric and gasoline cars are investigated. One hundred sixty-five participants (103 cisgender women, 62 cisgender men) completed an explicit and implicit affective rating task toward pictures of electric and gasoline cars, measurements of sustainability, future and past behaviors...

While the effects of aerobic exercise during a cognitive task on the performance of said cognitive task have been extensively studied, it has not been investigated whether cognitive performance during aerobic exercise influences the physical performance. For this, it is the main goal of the study to investigate the physical and cognitive performanc...

Due to the promising effect of self-compassion interventions in sports, it was the main goal of this study to investigate, if two aspects of repetitive thinking, worry and rumination, mediate the possible relation of self-compassion on competition anxiety of women and men in different types of sport (team- vs. individual sport). Two hundred and nin...

Background: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience impaired social cognition. Aims: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relation between visual-spatial abilities and theory of mind in children and adolescents with and without ASD. Methods: Forty-five boys from the age of 7 to 17 years with A...

Moving in synchrony with one another is a fundamental mechanism that maintains human social bonds. Yet, not all individuals are equally likely to coordinate their behaviors with others. The degree of interpersonal coordination is greatly influenced by pre-existing characteristics of the interacting partners, like the cultural homogeneity of a group...

Main goal of this study was to investigate the influence of mental rotation tasks on postural stability. 84 participants were tested with two object-based mental rotation tasks (cube vs. human figures), an egocentric mental rotation task with one human figure, a math- (cognitive control) and a neutral task, while standing on a force plate in a both...

Study design: Retrospective observational study. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify possible sex-dependent differences in symptom-related disability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: 103 consecutive outpatients (42 men and 61 women) with lumbar spinal stenosis were assessed on the basis of their medical histo...

The coronavirus pandemic has had a high impact on mental health. Also, semiprofessional football players are strongly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because training during the lockdown phase has been forbidden. It was the primary goal of this study to investigate if those athletes suffer from a depressive mood and fear of the...

The present study investigated the body images of Omani and German physical education students. 199 students completed a body image test, a dispositional mindfulness and a self-compassion measurement, as well as a short physical activity questionnaire. Overall, our results demonstrate that females showed a higher body distortion than males and stud...

Purpose Shooting precision as well as dribbling and agility are crucial components of performance in basketball. We examined the effects of anodal tDCS over the dominant primary motor cortex in supporting these basketball specific abilities. Methods Fifty-two sports students were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossove...

It is well known that sports and mathematical abilities are related to spatial abilities, also a relation between sport and mathematical abilities is assumed. However, the relation between all three aspects has not been investigated until now. Therefore, the main goal of the study is to examine the relationship between sport, spatial and mathematic...

The main object of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to collect the available evidence of aquatic therapy in stroke rehabilitation and to investigate the effect of this intervention in supporting stroke recovery. The PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the PEDro databases were searched from their inception throu...

The study aimed to examine the relationship between the practice of judo and different spatial abilities. Several individual measures, including spatial tasks and questionnaires on way-finding inclinations, were administered to 52 judo experts and 45 non-athlete controls. After learning by navigating in a virtual environment, participants were meas...

Emotional states have been indicated to affect intentional binding, resulting in an increase or decrease as a function of valence and arousal. Sexual arousal is a complex emotional state proven to impair attentional and perceptual processes, and is therefore highly relevant to feeling in control over one's actions. We suggest that sexual arousal af...

We have developed a free, simple and usable online system (called ERMENTAL) with which researchers, teachers and university students can study the effects of training on cognitive processes (e.g., visuospatial as mental rotation and visuospatial memory). So far, similar platforms are usually paid or require specialized training for their use. ERMEN...

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of resistance training in supporting the recovery in stroke patients. Data sources PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the PEDro databases were reviewed up to 30 April 2020. Review methods Randomized controlled trials were included, who compared...

On the one side, studies of martial arts refer to enhanced personal and social opportunities, on the other side they point to an increased aggressiveness or antisocial behaviour. Furthermore, it is often assumed that martial arts entail some aspects of mindfulness, additionally to self-compassion becoming popular in sports. Therefore it is the main...

Mirrored stimuli in chronometric mental rotation tests cannot be rotated into congruence and are typically discarded from analysis. We present a novel design using three figures such that congruence is achieved for all trials. For design construction, we consider the geometrical properties of rotation and mirroring. We have experimentally tested th...

Mirrored stimuli in chronometric mental rotation tests cannot be rotated into congruence and are typically discarded from analysis. We present a novel design using three figures, such that congruence is achieved for all stimuli. For design construction, we consider the geometrical properties of rotation and mirroring.We have experimentally tested t...

This study investigated sex differences in performance and neuronal activity in a mental rotation task with abstract and embodied figures. Fifty-eight participants (26 females and 32 males) completed a chronometric mental rotation task with cube figures, human figures, and body postures. The results are straightforward: depending on angular dispari...

We shape our surroundings; form the rooms we live in, so that we feel comfortable in them. This shows parts of our personality-it can be inferred from our environment. In this study, we created stereotypical desks embodying different personality styles and let 190 students choose which desk fits-in their subjective perspective-the most to their per...

Objective: Ergometer training is routinely used in stroke rehabilitation. How robust is the evidence of its effects? Data source: The PubMed database and PEDro database were reviewed prior to 22/01/2019. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of ergometer training on stroke recovery were selected. Data extract...

Mental imagery constitutes internal simulations of the external environment, which, according to theories of embodied cognition, is affected by sensorimotor processes. Accordingly, we test the influence on mental imagery of (a) the degree to which stimuli imply a body–object interaction (BOI) and manipulability, and (b) fine motor skills (FMS), usi...

Purpose Injury prevention of knee injuries by means of training and warm-up exercises has been investigated in several studies in amateur football. However, the number of investigations in elite football is limited despite the currently higher injury incidence of severe knee injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether...

Objectives: It is the main goal of this study to investigate the relationships between physical abilities, cognitive abilities and the aspects of psychological well-being in people aged 80 or older. In contrast to other studies, we focus on the executive functions and mental rotation while investigating cognitive performance; this is because it is...

Wann und unter welchen Umständen haben Sie etwas gelernt, das Sie wirklich vorangebracht hat? Wir brauchen und wollen ein ganzheitliches Lernen, da sind sind sich alle einig. Aber wie funktioniert es? Noch immer läuft unsere Gesellschaft der bequemen, aber fatalen Illusion nach, kognitives Lernen mit Bildung gleichzusetzen. Petra Jansen und Petr...

Objectives Mindfulness-based interventions in the context of sports have been shown to result in higher mindfulness scores and improved physiological and psychological parameters. The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a newly developed seven-session mindfulness-based intervention, mindful e motions, on German tennis player...

One of the few cognitive areas in which sex differences can be found is in visuospatial processing abilities. The different abilities show different degrees of sex differences, generally favoring men over women. For example, the largest effects for men are reported on mental rotation tasks, particularly those using three-dimensional shapes. Mental...

Exercise performance is influenced by many physical factors, such as muscle strength and endurance. Particularly in the physical fitness and sports performance contexts, there are many types of ergogenic aids to improve muscular strength and endurance performance, with non-athletes and even athletes using illegal drugs to reach the top. Thus, the d...