Petra L Graham

• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Macquarie University

Background Maintaining mobility in the long term after stroke can be challenging. Furthermore, access to ongoing physiotherapy or exercise programs is limited. There is a need to investigate new models of service delivery to improve mobility in the longer term after stroke. A mobility booster program may be a solution, facilitating short-term acces...

Purpose: The Falls After Stroke Trial (FAST) intervention involves habit-forming functional exercise and mobility practice which may increase physical activity. This substudy of FAST explores physical activity in community-dwelling people after stroke comparing the FAST intervention to usual care. Methods: This study used a subset of 49 particip...

Objective To determine the diagnostic test accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Methods The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Cochrane databases were search up to May 2023. We included studies th...

Background Higher educational attainment is important for economic wellbeing and associated with better health and longevity. Previous research focused on intelligence, socioeconomic status and mental health or individual risk behaviours as predictors of educational attainment, but the role of multiple domains of adolescent risk behaviours is less...

Background Untreated hearing loss has an effect on cognition. It is hypothesized that the additional processing required to compensate for the sensory loss affects the cognitive resources available for other tasks and that this could be mitigated by a hearing device. Methods The impact on cognition of cochlear implants (CIs) was tested in 100 subj...

Objectives: To identify factors affecting functional hearing performance and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in paediatric cochlear implantation (CI) recipients at two University centres in mainland China. Methods: Two university centres in mainland China, part of the prospective longitudinal Paediatric Implanted Recipient Observational Study (P-...

Introduction Neuropsychological assessment forms an integral part of the presurgical evaluation for patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy. Our understanding of cognitive impairment in epilepsy is based on seminal lesional studies that have demonstrated important structure-function relationships within the brain. However, a growing body...

Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by decreasing exercise capacity and deteriorating quality of life (QoL). Recent evidence indicates that combining exercise with manual therapy (MT) delivers greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise alone in moderate COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate wh...

Cochlear implantation successfully improves hearing in most adult recipients. However, in rare cases, post-implant rehabilitation is required to maximize benefit. The primary aim of this investigation was to test if self-reports by cochlear implant users indicate the need for post-implant rehabilitation. Listening performance was assessed with the...

Productivity loss because of chronic pain in the working age population is a widespread concern internationally. Interventions for chronic pain in working age adults might be expected to achieve enhanced productivity in terms of reduced costs of workers' compensation insurance, reduced disability support, and improved rates of return to work for in...

There are more incidents of violence in summer and on hot days, a trend likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Urban areas experience additional temperature modulation due to the urban form, however, to date, no studies have considered the effect of the urban heat island (UHI) or green space with respect to the temperature–violence relationshi...

Background Hearing loss impacts health-related quality of life and general well-being and was identified in a Lancet report as one of the largest potentially modifiable factors for the prevention of age-related dementia. There is a lack of robust data on how cochlear implant treatment in the elderly impacts quality of life. The primary objective wa...

There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants ( n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-proce...

Growing reports of diverse antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife species around the world symbolises the extent of this global One Health issue. The health of wildlife is threatened by antimicrobial resistance in situations where wildlife species develop disease and require antibiotics. Chlamydial disease is a key threat for koalas in Australia,...

The accelerated failure time (AFT) model offers an important and useful alternative to the conventional Cox proportional hazards model, particularly when the proportional hazards assumption for a Cox model is violated. Since an AFT model is basically a log‐linear model, meaningful interpretations of covariate effects on failure times can be made di...

Background Postoperative shoulder stiffness (POSS) affects a large number of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR). Diabetes may increase the risk of POSS. Preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a convenient measure of glucose control in this group. The aim of the present study was to determine a relationship between preoperative HbA1c...

Background and objective: The prevalence and chronic nature of post-COVID condition (PCC) burden requires a better understanding of effective rehabilitation interventions in large scale clinical trials. Telerehabilitation exercise-based interventions are effective in other chronic disease groups. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in human infants. EPEC strains are defined by the presence of specific virulence factors including intimin (encoded by the eae gene) and bundle forming pili (Bfp). Bfp is encoded by the bfp operon and includes the bfpA gene for the major pilus subunit. By definitio...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report on the educational placement, quality of life and speech reception changes in a prospectively recruited group of children after they received a cochlear implant (CI). Method: Data was collected on 1085 CI recipients of as part of a prospective, longitudinal, observational, international, multi-cent...

Background Exercise for the prevention of low back pain recurrences is recommended, but under-researched. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a walking program for preventing low back pain recurrence remains unknown. This a priori statistical analysis plan describes the methods of analysis for the WalkBack trial. Methods WalkBack is a pros...

Episodic memory deficits are a common consequence of aging and are associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Given the importance of episodic memory, a great deal of research has investigated how we can improve memory performance. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) represents a promising tool for me...

Background Exercise for the prevention of low back pain recurrences is recommended, but under-researched. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a walking program for preventing low back pain recurrence remains unknown. This a priori statistical analysis plan describes the methods of analysis for the WalkBack Trial. Methods WalkBack is a pros...

Question What is the effect of Bobath therapy on arm activity and arm strength compared with a dose-matched comparison intervention or no intervention after stroke? Design Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. Participants Adults after stroke. Intervention Bobath therapy compared with no intervention or other interventions d...

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between a web-based scoliosis screening tool and a standard screening procedure. Methods Sixty participants were selected (median age, 12 years; 75% were women) and separated into 2 groups: those with unknown spinal curvature status and those with confirmed scoliosis. Each participant was...

Tinnitus is a common symptom in cochlear implant (CI) recipients. There is no clear evidence of the influence of tinnitus on hearing-related quality of life (QoL) in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between hearing-related QoL measured by the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale (SSQ12) and tinnitus an...

Purpose: The majority of methods for measuring glenoid bone loss in shoulder instability use the best-fit circle following the inferior glenoid rim. However, there is no precise method on how to draw this circle, particularly in case of a missing rim segment. Defining the radius is a source of substantial error. It was hypothesized that there is a...

Background A transverse force couple (TFC) functional imbalance has been demonstrated in osteoarthritic shoulders by recent 3D muscle volumetric studies. Altered rotator cuff vectors may be an additional factor contributing to a muscle imbalance and the propagation of glenoid deformity. Methods Computed tomography images of 33 Walch type A and 60...

Aims To evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and methods Patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery were eligible. P...

Salmonellosis is a climate-sensitive gastroenteritis with over 92 million cases and over 50,000 deaths a year globally. Australia has high rates of salmonellosis compared with other industrialised nations. This study used a negative binomial time-series regression model to investigate the association between Australian salmonellosis notifications a...

Objective To determine if home-based exercise programmes for older adults after hospitalisation are effective at improving physical activity, quality of life, activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility compared to no intervention, standard care or centre-based exercise. Methods Databases were searched from inception to March 2022. Randomised co...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is responsible for an increasing number of deaths worldwide. Smoking is the most reliable predictor for developing COPD later in life. However, women make up the majority of patients with COPD who have never smoked. There is therefore a need to identify other factors that can predict COPD in women. The a...

Among cochlear implant (CI) recipients, there is no consensus on the impact of tinnitus on hearing-related quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between hearing-related QoL measured by the Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire (SSQ12) and tinnitus annoyance or perceived change in tinnitus annoya...

Background and objective The increasing awareness of the prevalence and chronic nature of the COVID-19 disease burden requires a better understanding of effective interventions in large scale clinical trials. Telerehabilitation is effective in other chronic disease groups and the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a specific, group-...

Background: Risk-taking behaviours are a major contributor to youth morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability to these negative outcomes is constructed from individual behaviour including risk-taking, and from social context, ecological determinants, early life experience, developmental capacity and mental health, contributing to a state of higher ri...

Background Road traffic crashes (RTC) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young people. Severe mental health and behavioural conditions increase the likelihood of RTC, as do a range of driving-risk activities. Method We used data from the Raine Study, a prebirth cohort from Perth, Australia, to assess the relationship between measure...

Objectives: Adverse prenatal and early childhood development may increase susceptibility of hearing loss in adulthood. The objective was to assess whether indices of early development are associated with adult-onset hearing loss in adults ≥18 years. Design: In a systematic review and meta-analysis, four electronic databases were searched for stu...

Objectives: adverse prenatal and early childhood development may increase susceptibility of hearing loss in adulthood. The objective was to assess whether indices of early development are associated with adult-onset hearing loss in adults ≥18 years. Design: in a systematic review and meta-analysis, four electronic databases were searched for studi...

Purpose Cochlear implantation can restore access to sound and speech understanding in subjects with substantial hearing loss. The Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) measures the impact of an intervention on the patient’s quality of life and is sensitive to changes in hearing. In the current study we used factor analysis to predict a clinically...

Objective: Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults is a global health and economic problem. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and determine what proportion of multidisciplinary approaches to managing chronic musculoskeletal pain are cost-effective. Materials and methods: The EconLit, Embase, and PubMed electronic databases were s...

Background The efficacy of prone positioning (PP) as therapy of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has varied in recent meta-analyses. The efficacy question was reviewed using a cohesive multivariate meta-analysis model incorporating all available common time-point data. Methods Data from a core group of 8 randomized controlled trials...

Background Preoperative quantification of bone loss has a significant effect on surgical decision making and patient outcomes. Various measurement techniques for calculating glenoid bone loss have been proposed in the literature. To date, no studies have directly compared measurement techniques to determine which technique, if any, is the most reli...

Objective: To externally validate and compare the performance of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk calculator 3/4 (ERSPC-RC3/4), the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group risk calculator (PBCG-RC) and the van Leeuwen model to determine which prediction model would perform the best in a contemporary Australian cohort...

Urinary incontinence is a common and predictable consequence among men with localized prostate cancer who have undergone radical prostatectomy. Despite advances in the surgical technique, urinary continence recovery time remains variable. A range of surgical and patient-related risk factors contributing to urinary incontinence after radical prostat...

Background and purpose Prediction of chemoradiotherapy response (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer would enable stratification of management. The purpose was to prospectively evaluate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of tumour heterogeneity combining diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DC...

Background The etiology of the Walch type B shoulder remains unclear. We hypothesize that a scapulohumeral muscle imbalance, secondary to a disturbed transverse force couple (TFC) between the anterior and posterior rotator cuff muscles, may have a role in the pathogenesis of the type B morphology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether...

Objective: This systematic review aimed to 1) assess associations between psychological factors and pain after breast cancer (BC) treatment and 2) determine which preoperative psychological factors predicted pain in the acute, subacute, and chronic time frames after BC surgery. Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Subjects: Women wi...

Older adults with mild or no hearing loss make more errors and expend more effort listening to speech. Cochlear implants (CI) restore hearing to deaf patients but with limited fidelity. We hypothesized that patient-reported hearing and health-related quality of life in CI patients may similarly vary according to age. Speech Spatial Qualities (SSQ)...

Background Biofeedback is used to optimise muscle activation patterns in people with neck pain. Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of electromyographic and pressure biofeedback on pain, disability and work ability in adults with neck pain. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched key databases and trial registr...

IntroductionPrimary degenerative scoliosis represents a new scoliosis developing in patients with no prior history of spinal curvature. Researchers sought to determine the prevalence of this type of scoliosis.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and PubMed were searched from inception to 28th March, 2018. Studies that assessed adults from...

Background Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathophysiological event, which associates with cognitive aberrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growth associated protein 43 (GAP‐43) is a nervous tissue specific protein, which plays a crucial role in axon formation, growth and synaptic plasticity. The current study evaluated the utility of cerebrospi...

Question In adults with stroke, does Bobath therapy improve lower limb activity performance, strength or co-ordination when compared with no intervention or another intervention? Design Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analyses. Participants Adults after stroke. Intervention Bobath therapy compared with another intervention or no...

Purpose: Continence assessment is an essential component of follow-up after radical prostatectomy (RP). Several methods exist to assess the severity of urinary incontinence (UI). Our study examined the relationship and degree of agreement between International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) scores and the number of...

Hotter weather is associated with aggressive crime. However, it is not well known if similar relationships apply to online aggression. This study uses anger counts derived from Twitter posts (tweets) and assault counts in New South Wales, Australia, to investigate if they share a similar relationship with temperature, and to determine if online ang...

Purpose The treatment effect of extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is controversial. A recent meta-analysis by Munshi et al. (Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2019) claimed mortality treatment efficacy for ECMO in ARDS despite very low meta-analytic study numbers (n = 2 (RCTs), risk-ratio (RR)...

Introduction: This study assessed the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, its association with amyloid and tau pathology, as well as its potential to predict brain atrophy, cognition, and amyloid accumulation. Methods: CSF NfL concentration was measured in 221 participants from th...

Objective To assess the relationship and agreement between mean total scores for the Speech Spatial Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ49) and the shorter SSQ12 to measure daily hearing function for a large group of auditory implant recipients. Methods Prospective, longitudinal self-assessment by 1013 implant recipients using the SSQ49 at preimplant a...

Purpose: To develop a cadaver model for the assessment of a male transobturator male sling (retrourethral transobturator sling [RTS], AdVance™; Boston Scientific, USA) to investigate its effect on a simulated abdominal and retrograde leak point pressures (ALPP, RLPP) and the urethral pressure profile (UPP). Materials and methods: Three fresh fro...

Current clinical MRI techniques in rectal cancer have limited ability to examine cancer stroma. The differentiation of tumour from desmoplasia or fibrous tissue remains a challenge. Standard MRI cannot differentiate stage T1 from T2 (invasion of muscularis propria) tumours. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can probe tissue structure and organisation...

Background: There is a change in the position of the remaining anatomical structures of the lower urinary tract system following radical prostatectomy. The aims of this investigation were to describe three novel methods used to measure the displacement of i) the vesico-urethral junction (VUJ), proximal membranous urethra (PMU) and anorectal juncti...

Purpose: The relationship between treatment efficacy and patient risk is explored in a series of meta-analyses from the critical care domain, focusing on mortality outcome. Methods: Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials were identified by electronic search over the period 2002 to July 2018. A Bayesian meta-regression model was emplo...

Objective: To investigate the influence of providing online procedural videos to postgraduate chiropractic students preparing for an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Methods: Eighty-three postgraduate chiropractic students enrolled in a diagnostic unit during 2017 received supplemental video resources prior to their final OSCE....

Temperature and crime is one of the most extreme relationships between the atmospheric environment and human behaviour, yet our knowledge about it is primarily based on Northern Hemisphere research. This study used both temporal and spatial models to investigate the relationship between temperature and crime in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, usi...

Background The axillary nerve is at risk during repair of a humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL). Purpose To measure the distance between the axillary nerve and the free edge of a HAGL lesion on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare these findings to the actual intraoperative distance measured during open HAGL r...

Objective: To compare preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with two-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging (TPUS) in two supine positions on two separate days in men prior to radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods: MUL was prospectively measured in 18 male volunteers using MRI...

Introduction:. Chronic low back pain (LBP) is commonly associated with generalised pain hypersensitivity. It is suggested that such somatosensory alterations are important determinants for the transition to persistent pain from an acute episode of LBP. Although cross-sectional research investigating somatosensory function in the acute stage is deve...

Abstract OBJECTIVES: To assess subjectively perceived, real-world benefits longitudinally for unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients in a multinational population treated routinely. To identify possible predictors of self-reported benefits. DESIGN: This was a prospective, multicenter, repeated-measures study. Self-assessment of performan...

Abstract Background The measurement of Posterior-Anterior (P-A) spinal stiffness is a common component of the physical examination of patients presenting with spinal disorders. The aim of this assessment is to provoke pain and/or to determine the degree of resistance or compliance of these structures and the associated soft-tissues to loading. This...

Aims: To synthesise the literature and perform a meta-analysis detailing the longitudinal recovery in the first two years following a distal radius fracture (DRF) managed with volar plate fixation. Materials and methods: Three databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Following eligibility screening and quality assessment, data were...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a growing global problem, and there is an urgent need to identify reliable blood biomarkers of the risk and progression of this condition. A potential candidate is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which modulates major trophic effects in the brain. However, findings are apparently inconsistent regar...

Listening to speech in noise is effortful, particularly for people with hearing impairment. While it is known that effort is related to a complex interplay between bottom-up and top-down processes, the cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms contributing to effortful listening remain unknown. Therefore, a reliable physiological measure to asses...

Objectives: To assess subjectively perceived, real-world benefits longitudinally for unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients in a multinational population treated routinely. To identify possible predictors of self-reported benefits. Design: This was a prospective, multicenter, repeated-measures study. Self-assessment of performance at preimp...

AimsTo establish if aerobic exercise training is associated with beneficial effects on clinical outcomes and glycaemic profile in people with type II diabetes. MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies through a search of MEDLINE (1985 to Sept 1, 2016, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry (1966 to Sept 1, 2016), CINAHL, SPORTDiscu...

Context: Membranous urethral length (MUL) measured prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) has been identified as a factor that is associated with the recovery of continence following surgery. Objective: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies reporting the effect of MUL on the recovery of continence following RP. Evidence...