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Introduction
Additional affiliations
February 2015 - present
November 2008 - present
September 2006 - August 2014
Publications
Publications (83)
The diploid A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. is widespread throughout the European continent, except in the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas where tetraploid populations have been discovered. We focused on the tetraploid species described as A. rohlenae Vít, Douda and Mandák that occupies the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, where it has likely complete...
Polyploidization is generally considered a major evolutionary force that can alter the genetic diversity, morphology, physiology and ecology of plants. One striking example is the polyploid Urtica dioica complex, in which diploid taxa are often found in remote and partly relictual geographical ranges, in contrast to tetraploid individuals,
which ha...
Urfus T., Vít P., Urfusová R. & Krahulec F. (2020) Morphology mirrors ploidy and reproductive modes in Pilosella officinarum.-Preslia 92: 391-402. Pilosella officinarum is represented predominantly by tetraploid (2n = 36), pentaploid (2n = 45) and hexaploid (2n = 54) cytotypes reproducing, to various degrees, both sexually and apomictically. Its cu...
Premise:
A set of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci was developed and tested for use in population genetic analyses of Anthericum ramosum (Agavaceae) and related species.
Methods and results:
Sequences of 110 primers were extracted in silico from Illumina MiSeq genome skimming data. The degree of polymorphism of 19 loci was tested in four...
Premise:
Microsatellite markers were developed for the perennial herb Salvia pratensis (Lamiaceae), a species representative of European dry grasslands. The development of microsatellite markers is needed for genetic and phylogeographical studies of species from the genus Salvia.
Methods and results:
We used low-coverage Illumina sequencing to i...
Premise:
Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed as a tool for genetic investigations of Filipendula vulgaris (Rosaceae) and related species.
Methods and results:
Seventeen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for F. vulgaris using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Polymorphism of the 17 loci was tested in three populations...
The centre‐periphery hypothesis (CPH) predicts a decrease in population performance from the centre of the species range towards the edge, hindering further species expansion. To overcome ecological limitation, local adaptation of peripheral populations is assumed necessary to extend niche space and thus to potentially facilitate species’ range exp...
Polyploidy is one of the major forces of plant evolution and widespread mixed-ploidy species offer an opportunity to evaluate its significance. We therefore selected the cosmopolitan species Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), examined its cytogeography and pattern of absolute genome size, and assessed correlations with bioclimatic and ecogeographic d...
Aim
We hypothesised that during the Holocene, the distributions of species such as crop weeds have been significantly influenced by human activity. We aimed to (a) identify the main centres of diversity of the Chenopodium album agg. species and (b) test if these species colonised Europe from western Asia, most likely due to the westward expansion o...
Hybridization and polyploidization represent an important speciation mechanism in the diploid-polyploid complex of the Chenopodium album aggregate. In the present study we successfully reconstructed the evolutionary histories of the majority of Eurasian representatives of the C. album aggregate, resulting in the most comprehensive phylogenetic anal...
Crop cultivation can lead to genetic swamping of indigenous species and thus pose a serious threat for biodiversity. The rare Eurasian tetraploid shrub Prunus fruticosa (ground cherry) is suspected of hybridizing with cultivated allochthonous tetraploid P. cerasus and autochthonous diploid P. avium. Three Prunus taxa (447 individuals of P. fruticos...
The study of variation in nuclear genome size, especially when combined with common garden experiments, significantly contributes to disentangling interspecies relationships within taxonomically complicated plant groups. The Chenopodium album aggregate is among the morphologically most variable groups and consists of many weakly differentiated cosm...
In the present study, we investigate the variation of European representatives of Alnus subg. Alnus, i.e., Alnus glutinosa and A. incana, in Europe and partly North Africa. Four distinct Alnus taxa were recognized using a multidisciplinary approach based on multivariate morphometrics, karyology, flow cytometry and nuclear microsatellite analyses. B...
Prunus fruticosa is a rare shrub occurring in Eurasian thermophilous forest-steppe alliances. The species frequently hybridizes with cultivated Prunus species in Europe (allochthonous tetraploid P. cerasus and partly indigenous diploid P. avium). Propidium iodide flow cytometry, distance-based morphometrics, elliptic Fourier analysis and embryology...
The significance of the wide interspecific variation in nuclear genome size of angiosperms is still not fully understood. It has been repeatedly suggested, however, that genome size can impose phenotypic constraints on plant development, phenology and ecological performance. We analysed nuclear genome size variation in diploid and polyploid species...
Reticulate evolution is characterized by occasional hybridization between two species, creating a network of closely related taxa below and at the species level. In the present research, we aimed to verify the hypothesis of the allopolyploid origin of hexaploid C. album s. str., identify its putative parents and estimate the frequency of allopolypl...
Geographic distribution of nrDNA ITS ribotypes of Chenopodium album agg.
(A) the continental scale and (B) in five populations from the Czech Republic.
(EPS)
Summary of variable sites in nrDNA ITS of Chenopodium album agg.
Nucleotide characters of nrDNA ITS ribotypes identified in the present study in each of the 49 variable sites is indicated. Sites where particular ribotypes showed intraidividual polymorphism are marked by IUPAC ambiguity codes (Y = C or T, M = C or A, W = A or T, K = T or G, R = A or...
Frequency of occurrence of nrDNA ITS ribotypes identified in hexaploid Chenopodium album s. str. at the continental wide and population level.
Pie charts representing different populations from the Czech Republic are marked with population numbers according to Table 1. Charts named “all samples” indicate the frequency of ribotyopes in the complete...
Tremendous interspecific genome size variation is a well known phenomenon, whereas genome size within a species is supposed to be exceptionally stable and thus useful as a taxonomic trait. Using DAPI flow cytometry, we tested the stability of genome size in various representatives of Chenopodium s.s. (Amaranthaceae) across a broad geographical rang...
We reconstructed the historical pattern of postglacial biogeographic range expansion of the boreal tree species Alnus incana in Europe.
To assess population genetic structure and diversity, we performed a combined analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci and chloroplast DNA sequences (65 populations, 1004 individuals).
Analysis of haplotype and micr...
Background and aims:
Polyploidy in plants has been studied extensively. In many groups, two or more cytotypes represent separate biological entities with distinct distributions, histories and ecology. This study examines the distribution and origins of cytotypes of Alnus glutinosa in Europe, North Africa and western Asia.
Methods:
A combined app...
Hybridization between rare and common plant congeners can pose a serious threat to the rare species through gene swamping, production of hybrid seed at the expense of conspecific seed and/or hybrid competition for abiotic or biotic resources. Assessing the frequency and dynamics of interspecific hybridization is therefore of paramount importance fo...
Genetic admixture is supposed to be an important trigger of species expansions because it can create the potential for selection of genotypes suitable for new climatic conditions. Up until now, however, no continent-wide population genetic study has performed a detailed reconstruction of admixture events during natural species expansions. To fill t...
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Contact zones between diploids and their autopolyploid descendants represent a unique evolutionary venue for studying polyploid establishment, cytotype coexistence, and interactions. Here, we examine cytotype coexistence in a diploid-tetraploid contact zone of a perennial herb, Cardamine amara, located north of the Alps by assessing cytotype spat...
Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the Pilosella alpicola group (Asteraceae), comprising four closely related species distributed in subalpine areas of Europe. These species are believed to have diverged recently, but display contrasting cytogeographic patterns and variation in breeding systems, representing a promising...
Results of a taxonomic revision of Sorbus subg. Aria occurring in the Czech Republic are presented
in a central-European context. Flow cytometry and multivariate morphological analyses
were employed to assess the taxonomic diversity within the group. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid
taxa were detected. Diploids are represented by a single species,...
Cerastium alsinifolium Tausch (Caryophyllaceae) is an endemic species restricted to serpentine sites in the Slavkovsky les Mts (western Bohemia) in the Czech Republic. Interspecific hybridization with sympatric C. arvense L. has long been suspected due to the substantial and continuous morphological variation observed in the field but it has never...
Aquatic plants often pose considerable taxonomic problems. The genus Nymphaea (water lily) in central Europe is a good example of this in that their morphological similarity blurs the boundaries between species, which in addition are highly phenotypically plastic and possibly hybridize. The situation is further complicated by the occurrence of many...
The Hieracium and Pilosella (Lactuceae, Asteraceae) genera of closely related hawkweeds contain species with two different modes of gametophytic apomixis (asexual seed formation). Both genera contain polyploid species, and in wild populations, sexual and apomictic species co-exist. Apomixis is known to co-exist with sexuality in apomictic Pilosella...
Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process frequently contributing to diversification and speciation of angiosperms. Its extent in other groups of land plants has only rarely been studied, however. We therefore examined the levels of introgression in the genus Diphasiastrum, a taxonomically challenging group of Lycopodiophytes...
We investigated 39 previously developed Betula, Alnus, and Corylus simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for their utility in the cross-generic amplification of two European alder species, i.e., Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Of these markers, ten loci had successful amplification within Alnus species. Finally, we designed two multiplexes composed o...
Background and Aims Recently formed allopolyploid species represent excellent subjects for exploring early stages of polyploid evolution. The
hexaploid Cardamine schulzii was regarded as one of the few nascent allopolyploid species formed within the past ∼150 years that presumably arose by autopolyploidization
of a triploid hybrid, C. × insueta; ho...
The main aim of this study is to compare all taxa from the Pinus kesiya complex and related P. tabuliformis using statistical, ordination and discrimination techniques focusing on ten most discriminating morphological traits. Special emphasis was placed on the recently described taxa Pinus densata subsp. tibetica and P. × naxiorum (=P. yunnanensis...
Sorbus eximia Kovanda, a hybridogenous species that originated from the parental combination
S. torminalis and S aria s.l., is thought to be an apomictic species, which includes diploid and
tetraploid individuals. The present study confirmed the existence of only triploid individuals.A new
tentatively apomictic triploid (2n = 3x = 51) species from...
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Sorbus quernea, a hybridogenous species described in 1996 as an endemic in two places in Prague (Czech Republic), is revised. A wide range of contemporary biosystematic techniques, including molecular (nuclear microsatellite markers) and karyological analyses (chromosome counts, DAPI flow cytometry) along with multivariate morphometric and elliptic...
Background and Aims Plants endemic to areas covered by ice sheets during the last glaciation represent paradigmatic examples of rapid speciation
in changing environments, yet very few systems outside the harsh arctic zone have been comprehensively investigated so far.
The Galium pusillum aggregate (Rubiaceae) is a challenging species complex that e...
Background and aims:
Genome duplication is widely acknowledged as a major force in the evolution of angiosperms, although the incidence of polyploidy in different floras may differ dramatically. The Greater Cape Floristic Region of southern Africa is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and is considered depauperate in polyploids. To test this...