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Publications (117)
This paper underscores the importance of investigating soils and sediments in proto-urban to urban archaeological contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of their genesis and evolution, and their informative role in deciphering historical human–environment interactions and spatial organisation patterns. We focus on Early to High Mediaeval (6...
The methodically complex analysis of alluvial sediments from stream valleys makes it possible to reconstruct the medieval and early modern history of vegetation and land use in low mountain ranges. For this purpose, eight alluvial sections were documented and analysed in the central part of the Ore Mountains at an altitude interval of 700-800 m a.s...
Some of the most remarkable Neolithic finds encountered in central Europe are wells with a wooden construction. These features provide unusual insights into Neolithic societies, their subsistence strategies and the land scape they inhabited. In the last fifteen years, four Early Neolithic wells out of a total of seven such wells known since the 197...
Some of the most remarkable Neolithic finds encountered in central Europe are wells with a wooden construction. These features provide unusual insights into Neolithic societies, their subsistence strategies and the landscape they inhabited. In the last fifteen years, four Early Neolithic wells out of a total of seven such wells known since the 1970...
The Bronze Age (BA) in Central Europe witnessed significant transformations in various aspects of human activities. This study focuses on changes in subsistence strategies during the BA, represented by the assortment of edible plants. We examined charred macroremains from 39 archaeological sites in the Czech Republic. Our aims include providing an...
This study discusses the potential of archaeological organic objects in anthropogenic sediments in terms of research into human impact on the medieval landscape and environment. In the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, at a mid-altitudinal stream valley site (ca. 510 m asl), remains of a cut medieval forest stand with anthropogenic wooden structures and...
Kyrgyzstan can be represented, geomorphologically-speaking, by a transect between the Fergana lowlands and the Tien Shan highlands and is an outstanding area for the study of paleoclimatic conditions relating to climatic changes. These changes have been crucial for the behaviour of past cultures in this area, especially due to the presence of the S...
Starting in the Middle Ages, charcoal production was essential for industrial development, in the manufacture of metals, glass and gunpowder. However, the ancient craft of charcoal burning and other commercial forest activities remain little understood. In this study, we used data from aerial laser scanning (ALS) to identify relic charcoal kilns in...
An archaeological excavation conducted on U Kasáren St. in the Prague Castle area (Czech Republic) in 2020 revealed the remains of a medieval settlement consisting of houses of different constructions (pit dwelling, masonry construction), pyrotechnical (possibly metallurgical) features and unspecified pits. The excavation also revealed evidence of...
We present the third edition of the complete catalogue of the alien flora of the Czech Republic, which follows the 2002 and 2012 editions. It has been updated by incorporating new data collected over the last decade and reassessing the current status of taxa based on improved taxonomic and ecological knowledge. All changes in the taxon listing from...
A large number of Neolithic transport and storage vessels were made from organic materials. These were used to draw water from pits or wells, whereas ceramic vessels were used to transport, store and serve water. The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate unique wooden buckets from an LBK well at the Mohelnice – U Cukrovaru site in the Šumper...
The aim of the study is to reconstruct the forest vegetation of the Czech Republic in the period between agricultural prehistory (Neolithic, LnK, c. 7600 BP) and the Early Middle Ages on an elevation gradient from 140 to c. 500 m above sea level using anthracological data from archaeological sites – ARV (anthracologically reconstructed vegetation)....
Over the last two years, three selected forest sites from Drahany Highlands were examined for traces of human activity. The most frequent traces found, and common to all three sites, were remains of
charcoal production. This paper provides an anatomical and dendrochronological analysis of the charcoals found in two charcoal pile remains from each s...
The article deals with the evaluation of Roman Period archaeological situations and finds investigated during a rescue excavation in 2016. The excavation was initiated due to the construction of underground utilities and roads leading to new family houses on the eastern edge of the village. A total of 82 features were investigated, out of which 14...
Colluvial sediments originating from soil erosion on slopes have proven to constitute significant evidence for tracing past human impact on mountain landscapes. In the Central European Erzgebirge (Ore) Mountains, colluvial sediments are associated with specific landforms (footslopes, slope flattenings, dells) and cover a share of 11% (11,905 ha) of...
In Prague-Miškovice, a cemetery of the Únětice culture (UC) with a total of 44 graves was excavated between 1999 und 2001. The C14 dates range across the entire course of Central Europe’s Early Bronze Age – from the proto-Únětice phase to the “post-classical” phase of the UC. The high point of the mortuary activities occurred between 2000 and 1750...
Floodplain deposits of the river Morava were uncovered during rescue excavations in the Czech town of Uherské Hradiště. They contain a sequence of buried soil horizons showing signs of considerable human influence. This sedimentary sequence is a record of interactions between human activities and natural processes taking place in the Holocene, so i...
The considerable intensification of human activity in the second and first centuries BC in Central Europe was related to the sudden appearance of a network of large fortified towns, which are known as oppida. Bibracte was one of the most important oppida in France, but knowledge about the evolution of its hinterland is still incomplete. This articl...
The paper deals with archaeological, osteological and archaeobotanical analysis of the artefacts and ecofacts obtained by excavation in waste landfills from the Second World War. The settlement waste was produced by three communities with different social status, which were connected with the Rolava mining and processing plant in the Ore Mountains...
Multidisciplinary research based on the interpretation of data acquired by archaeological and natural science methods and their correlation. The main objective is to reconstruct the interaction of factors of the environment and the living conditions of human communities and their development from the 6th until the early 12th century. The study will...
The study presents nitrogen isotope data from prehistoric and Medieval charred cereal grains and grains from modern experiments in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The results are consistent with δ¹⁵N values of cereals from other European countries. Various crops were manured differently, perhaps according to specific societal needs. Surprisingly,...
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Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These constructions permit unusual insights
into Neolithic settlements, their subsistence and environment, as well as into the surrounding landscape. A recent excavation of
a Neolithic settlement at Uničov in central Moravia, Czech Republic, yielded the discovery...
The vegetation history of lowland woodlands in Central Europe is closely related with human activities. Our study is focused on the evaluation of a large archaeo–anthralogical dataset from a large–scale territory in Central Europe. Our dataset contains about 240 891 charcoal records from 474 localities. Our research focuses on the reconstruction of...
The complex detailed analysis and publication of archaeological and anthropological data and the results of numerous science analyses of archaeological and anthropological material (palaeopathology, epigenetics, isotope analysis, 14C, analyses of metal, amber, stone tools, Sr, O, C and N isotopy etc.) form an essential foundation of the first-rate,...
Since the twelfth century, forest areas in the upper reaches of the low mountain ranges of central Europe provided an important source of wood and charcoal especially for mining and smelting as well as glass production. In this case study from a site in the upper Erzgebirge region (Ore Mountains), results from archeological, geophysical, pedo-sedim...
Is there a story that floor layers tell us about human history? A set of former floors were
investigated using a combination of micromorphology, ethnography and macroremain
analyses at a former mill in Dolní Němčí in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The
floor layers had been accumulating since the end of the 18th century. A recently made
ear...
In 2018, during the construction of a motorway in the East Bohemian Region near the town of Ostrov (Czech Republic), archaeologists excavated a structure of a wooden water well lining with a square base area of 80x80 cm and 140 cm in height. Due to the excellent conservation of the oak timbers, studies of technological details and precise tree-ring...
Tin is an essential raw material both for the copper–tin alloys developed during the Early Bronze Age and for the casting of tableware in the Medieval period. Secondary geological deposits in the form of placers (cassiterite) provide easily accessible sources but have often been reworked several times during land‐use history. In fact, evidence for...
Knowledge of historic changes in vegetation, relief, and soil is key in understanding how the uplands in central Europe have changed during the last millennium, being an essential requirement for measures on forest conversion and nature conservation in that area. Evidence of forest‐clearing horizons from the medieval period could be systematically...
Tin is an essential raw material both for the copper-tin alloys developed during the Early Bronze Age and for the casting of tableware in the Medieval period. Secondary geological deposits in the form of placers (cassiterite) provide easily accessible sources but have often been reworked several times during land-use history. In fact, evidence for...
The mining settlement at Kremsiger in the Ore Mountains, which dates back to the 13th and 14th centuries, has been explored in the ArchaeoMontan project since 2012. In this article, we describe results of the 2016 field research. Micro test pits demonstrated a larger scale of settlement than originally assumed. Moreover, regular house plots 19.45 m...
Lenka Lisá1, Petr Kočár2, Marek Peška3, Antonín Zůbek3, Aleš Bajer4 et Pavel Lisý1 : The Earth Floor – a voice of human lifeways from Medieval to recent times. 1Institute of Geology CAS v. v. i., Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, 165 00, Czech Republic, 2Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v. v. i., Letenská 4, 118 01, Prague...
Geoarchaeological reconstructions of land-use changes may help to reveal
driving cultural factors and incentives behind these processes and relate
them to supra-regional economic and political developments. This is
particularly true in the context of complete abandonment of a settlement.
Here we present a case study from the site of Faule Pfütze, a...
Two princely graves (numbers 6 and 14) of the Bylany culture from the Hallstatt period were excavated at Prague-Letňany in December 2014. The paper summarises the results of the scientific analysis of grave number 6. The grave inventory contained a four-wheeled waggon, 21 ceramic vessels of variable size and type, one bronze bucket, one iron sword,...
Placer mining sites: Bronze Age and medieval placer mining at Schellerhau (ABG-01). The Schellerhau site is located at the upper reaches of the Rote Weißeritz river (Fig. 66). Here a granite body bears disperse tin minerals that have become secondary enriched in the fluvial material. Sampling was not restricted to the large placer mining area cover...
Quartz mining and glass production at Ullersdorf (OH-12):
The site of Ullersdorf (Figs. 87; 89) has been prominently introduced into the literature for two key aspects. First, it may represent one of the earliest rural villages in the upper Erzgebirge dating back to the 13th century based on the toponym and early ceramics. Second, it provides evide...
Placer mining sites:
Bronze Age and medieval placer mining at Schellerhau (ABG-01).
The Schellerhau site is located at the upper reaches of the Rote Weißeritz river (Fig. 66). Here a granite body bears disperse tin minerals that have become secondary enriched in the fluvial material. Sampling was not restricted to the large placer mining area cov...
The invasion history of archaeophytes (i.e. alien taxa that were introduced into Europe prior to AD 1500), their effect on past vegetation and their present status based on their residence time were studied. The residence times of archaeophytes range from 7500 to 500 years. It is likely that species with other functional traits came at different ti...
The first European settlements accompanied by crop and livestock farming occurred approximately 7500 years ago. In this agrarian society, wood was one of the most important raw materials, most notably for construction, but only a little is known about wood use and woodworking technology. Hence, archaeological wooden finds are of particular importan...
This paper presents a reconstruction of environmental conditions and subsistence strategies in the Early Neolithic (6th Millenium BC) settlement area at Těšetice-Kyjovice (Czech Republic). Our detailed reconstruction of the environment contributes to the unravelling of the genesis and spread of steppes and the formation of secondary anthropogenic f...
The environmental samples were excavated during the rescue archaeological research done in the season 2013 by the National Heritage Institute in the parcel within Narodní Avenue and Mikulandska Street (New City, Prague). Floating of the samples brought a rich spectrum of ecofacts: plant macroremains, finds of wood and charcoals, remains of inverteb...
Although charcoal and pollen analyses have been used for many years for the reconstruction of the vegetation history, the combination and comparison of their records is still not commonly used. Our study focuses on the lowland region of Litovelské Pomoraví in NE Czech Republic, which is characterised by the presence of long-term human activities. T...
The economic development in continental Europe in the 14th-16th centuries involved the spreading of fishponds, and in some regions fish farming became one of the main economic activities of the aristocracy. In the Czech lands, the works of medieval fishpond designers that still exist today are chiefly known from southern and eastern Bohemia. Howeve...
This contribution deals with an extensive collection of botanical ecofacts obtained in the years 1985–1987 at the early mediaeval site Olomouc-Povel (Zikova street). The settlement was surveyed in the 1980s, and due to the uniqueness of the situation it was interpreted as a pre-Great Moravian administrative and power centre. The excavation also inc...
The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland history along the altitudinal gradient between the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe (190–550 m a.s.l.) and, second, to outline possible biases inherent in the charcoal record based on a comparison with the pollen record and its known biases. Our anthra...
Příspěvek se zabývá a) vztahem pravěkého osídlení k půdám na území dnešních Čech, b) vztahem mezi obilninami pěstovanými v pravěku a vybranými parametry přírodního prostředí, zejména půdní produktivity, na území celé České republiky. Vztahy archeologických období a půdních typů se dají na úrovni makroregionu rozdělit do čtyř skupin, které v zásadě...
The study deals with: a) the relationship between prehistoric settlement and soil within the territory of today's Bohemia, b) the relationship between cereals grown in prehistory and selected parameters of the environment, specifically the soil productivity, throughout the territory of the whole Czech Republic. The relations between archaeological...
According to the core-periphery model of economic geography, the Medieval and Early Modern Czech lands can be called a semi-periphery. They are located in a hilly part of central Europe, in the shadows of the world’s naval powers. Over the centuries this location has greatly influenced their domestic consumer society, in many ways lacking in self-s...
The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production in middle ages and early modern era was still in the environment of the czech lands constructed solely on the basis of archival records and historical pictures. Less importance was given to archaeological finds. Unjustly neglected remained finds of botanical macro remains o...
The article informs about a research of an early modern malt house in Chanovice chateau (Klatovy district). The malt house was analysed during renovation works in 1996–8. The multi-disciplinary research included a research of written sources, an architectural and historical survey, use of available iconographic sources, an archaeological research,...
Version of the Preusz et al. 2014 with 3D picture, which should be open directly with Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader. Abstract of the article: The South Bohemian town of Český Krumlov, a UNESCO world heritage site, the former residence of the noble family of the Rosenbergs, is a unique mirror of the Bohemian Renaissance and Baroque. Extremely rich a...