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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (78)
The growth of Chinese global official finance has stimulated great interest among foreign aid advocates. Yet, until now, a lack of systematic data reporting has limited our understanding of Chinese official finance. Against this background, this article describes and compares two internationally comparable Chinese datasets from 2005 to 2014: AidDat...
# Background
This paper estimates the costs and benefits of investing in education interventions and specific child marriage programs to reduce child marriage in India. Child marriage in India remains highly prevalent despite considerable progress in the last decade or more, associated, in particular, with a decline in poverty. The economic consequ...
This research report explores China’s development financing’s nature, scope, and impact.
Purpose:
This study argues that investments in the health of the world's 1.2 billion adolescents is a critical component of the overall investment case for adolescents and is vital for achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Agenda. We undertake a benefit cost analysis of a range of interventions to improve adolescent health.
Method...
Purpose:
This study sets out to identify effective interventions to reduce child marriage, estimate their economic benefits achieved through enhanced productivity, and undertake a benefit-cost analysis of the interventions.
Methods:
We model the effects of a set of identified child marriage and education interventions for 31 low- and middle-inco...
Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to identify effective interventions to reduce secondary school dropout rates, increase the quality of learning in secondary schools in developing countries, and estimate the cost and educational impact of a sustained program to implement a selection of these interventions.
Methods:
Dropout risk is analyze...
Purpose:
Deaths and serious injuries from road accidents remain a serious issue in developing countries, including for young people, for whom they are the largest cause of death. This article provides an assessment of interventions to reduce these deaths and injuries for adolescents in 75 developing countries.
Methods:
We draw on new data on dea...
In Fig. 4a of this Analysis, owing to an error during the production process, the year in the header of the right column was '2016' rather than '2010'. In addition, in the HTML version of the Analysis, Table 1 was formatted incorrectly. These errors have been corrected online.
The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is growing, and there is an urgent need to estimate the costs and benefits of an investment strategy to prevent and control NCDs. Results from an investment-case analysis can provide important new evidence to inform decision making by governments and donors. We propose a methodology for calculat...
The afterlife of adolescence
Adolescence is increasingly recognized as a developmental period that has a potential for influencing life-course trajectories that is second only to early life, but that could also shape the growth and development of the following generation. George Patton and colleagues review the evidence around how an individual's h...
Investment in the capabilities of the world's 1·2 billion adolescents is vital to the UN's Sustainable Development Agenda. We examined investments in countries of low income, lower-middle income, and upper-middle income covering the majority of these adolescents globally to derive estimates of investment returns given existing knowledge. The costs...
Mental disorders impose an enormous burden on society, accounting for almost one in three years lived with disability globally.
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In addition to their health impact, mental disorders cause a significant economic burden due to lost economic output and the link between mental disorders and costly, potentially fatal conditions including cancer, cardio...
Background:
Depression and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling disorders, which result not only in an enormous amount of human misery and lost health, but also lost economic output. Here we propose a global investment case for a scaled-up response to the public health and economic burden of depression and anxiety disorders.
Metho...
Faced with serious air pollution, China is aggressively reshaping its energy system, building on recent progress with renewables and on available supplies of gas. This should help contain global warming and provide new impetus to climate change negotiations.
A new Global Investment Framework for Women's and Children's Health demonstrates how investment in women's and children's health will secure high health, social, and economic returns. We costed health systems strengthening and six investment packages for: maternal and newborn health, child health, immunisation, family planning, HIV/AIDS, and malari...
Australia's current resources boom has three elements: high terms of trade, strong investment and increased resource exports. For a decade, the net effect has been strongly positive: the boost to incomes and activity from the first two has more than offset the impact of the high Australian dollar. But, both resource investment and the terms of trad...
The methods used to plan adaptation to climate change have been heavily influenced
by scientific narratives of gradual change and economic narratives of marginal
adjustments to that change. An investigation of the theoretical aspects of how the
climate changes suggests that scientific narratives of climate change are socially
constructed, biasing s...
In the latter part of the 1990s the discussion of the knowledge economy became very intense in China, as a perception arose that China’s continuing development would take place in a quite new world. This discussion was vigorous and influential at the highest level, but became increasingly diffuse, as different participants used concepts in very dif...
Most of the countries that are now developed achieved that status in large part through a process of industrialization, involving a substantial shift of capital and labour into industrial activity, and a rapid increase in the share of industrial value added in GDP during the development process. As a result industrialization occupies a central plac...
This chapter argues that, notwithstanding the financial crisis, rapid economic growth has accelerated the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, making the effort required even greater. Furthermore, these costs are subject to policy bias and will increase with a more realistic view of policy that accounts for the absence of a smooth coordination bet...
Advances in information and communication technologies are disrupting traditional models of scholarly publishing; radically changing our capacity to reproduce; distribute; control; and publish information. The key question is whether there are new opportunities and new models for scholarly publishing that would better serve researchers and better c...
The analysis and researches of many scholars and field specialists have gone into these 30 papers. They discuss many of the environmental problems and challenges to human life and existence presented by local and other exploitations and ongoing developments in Southeast Asian countries and marine areas. The authors use tabulated data and unpublishe...
More considered answers are needed in Australia to key questions about accounting for and managing the role of government. The need for such answers is highlighted by the move to negative net debt and by the underlying fragility of the economy, as well as by the financial cost of election commitments. After a discussion of relevant theoretical and...
In recent years the world has moved to a new path of rapid global growth, largely driven by the developing countries, which
is energy intensive and heavily reliant on the use of coal—global coal use will rise by nearly 60% over the decade to 2010.
It is likely that, without changes to the policies in place in 2006, global CO2 emissions from fuel co...
In the transition from plan to market China achieved great benefits from adopting a gradualist approach, and avoided many of the issues that plagued those countries in Eastern Europe which pursued a ‘big-bang’ model of reform. Nevertheless, economic change in China has been very rapid, and has accelerated since China joined the WTO in 2001. It is n...
Le présent rapport présente le développement et l’application d’un modèle permettant d’estimer les coûts de la communication scientifique (c'est-à-dire de la publication scientifique et des activités associées) au sein du système d’enseignement supérieur australien. Les auteurs ont adopté une perspective systémique en vue de structurer leur analyse...
This paper reports on the development and application of a model used to estimate the costs of scholarly communication (i.e. scholarly publishing and related activities) in Australian higher education. A systems perspective was used to frame a review of the literature on the costs involved in the entire scholarly communication value chain and infor...
Rapid global economic growth, centred in Asia but now spread across the world, is driving rapid greenhouse-gas emissions growth, making earlier projections unrealistic. This paper develops new, illustrative business-as-usual projections for carbon dioxide (CO) from fossil fuels and other sources and for non-CO greenhouse gases. Making adjustments t...
Industrialization occupies a central place in the rich tapestry of development theory and practice. Although that place has varied over time, many have agreed with Nicholas Kaldor that the kind of economic growth that leads to high real income per capita can only occur through industrialization. This paper argues that it is becoming increasingly di...
Undoubtedly the most striking feature of the globalisation process has been financial liberalisation. In principle, financial
liberalisation is the process whereby a country seeks to increase its competitiveness and growth by freeing up its financial
system for international capital through reforming trade, foreign exchange policy, capital controls...
This book has now fulfilled two prime tasks. The first task was to review the literature on international finance related to the issues of financial crises, the sequence of financial liberalisation, capital control, exchange rate policy and asymmetric information and examine the framework undertaken by Thailand in liberalising its financial system....
The 1997 Asian Financial crisis has led to the generation of some debate on the degree and the pace with which the openness and reform in the financial system should be pursued. The financial crisis that has afflicted many emerging countries is a costly reminder of the disastrous consequences for development of weak financial markets and inappropri...
In order for financial liberalisation to lead to financial and economic growth and to increase the presence of financial agents in the economy it is important that the state adopt a certain set of policy reforms so as to strengthen the domestic economy. Liberalising the domestic financial sector and easing cross border flows of capital can be benef...
The issues of capital controls and financial crises have been widely debated in economic literature. Some economists argue that controls on capital are becoming difficult to maintain, especially in a liberalising financial system. Coy et al. (1998) argue that capital controls are unlikely to work well in a world moving toward financial liberalisati...
The most striking feature of the present international financial system in the globalised world is financial liberalisation. A trend toward the global liberalisation of financial systems became widespread in the 1990s, including in developing countries (Ouattara 1998; Siamwalla 2000). According to Hallwood and MacDonald (2000), the purpose of finan...
As mentioned in the previous chapters in order to successfully integrate the domestic economy with the global economy it is important to follow a certain set of financial sector reforms. In order for the liberalisation process to take off it is important to introduce a range of reforms like trade reforms, foreign exchange policy reforms, capital co...
The choice of exchange rate policy is said to be inconclusive and there is no one particular policy that best suits one country (Hefeker 2000; Visser 2000). In most cases, the choice of exchange policy can be varied from one to another depending on the countries’ economic policies and conditions (Collignon et al. 1999). In the case of Thailand, the...
The purpose of this chapter is to overview the main issues in international finance such as financial liberalisation, focusing on the process as a possible cause of financial crisis. The rest of this chapter is organised as follows. Section 2.2 provides an overview and review of literature on the sequence and order of financial liberalisation. Sect...
The world has recently moved to a new economic growth path, driven by the rapid growth of developing country economies. How this new path affects the vulnerability of key biophysical systems and its resulting policy implications are assessed using a risk-based approach. Greenhouse gas emissions based on current policies are projected to 2030, with...
The environment in which research is being conducted and disseminated is undergoing profound change, with new technologies offering new opportunities, changing research practices demanding new capabilities, and increased focus on research performance. Nevertheless, despite billions of dollars being spent by governments on R&D each year, relatively...
For more than two decades after the 'opening to the market' in 1979 China achieved rapid expansion with low growth in energy use, the energy growth rate being only about half that of GDP. This has not continued in recent years; over 2001-05 real GDP grew by 45% and energy use by 57%. During 1979-2001 falling energy intensities, in both secondary an...
The interest in, and the appeal of, fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization have been increasing in recent years. At the same time many mature federations continue to evolve towards greater centralization. the reasons for the evolution of fiscal federalism towards greater centralization remain unclear, and the traditional theories of fiscal f...
The interest in, and the appeal of, fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization have been increasing in recent years. At the same time many mature federations continue to evolve towards greater centralization, as Australia has evolved in the last one hundred years. The reasons for the evolution of fiscal federalism towards greater centralization...
The underlying theme of this book is the impact of the increasing globalization of economic activity, and the advent of the knowledge‐based economy, on the spatial distribution of economic activity, both between countries and within countries. More especially, it seeks to reconcile the paradox of ‘slippery space’, as demonstrated by the growing tra...
This primer is intended as a brief guide to the Knowledge Economy for people in business and government who need a succinct summary of its major features and implications. It draws on research undertaken at CSES over the last few years, on the work of the OECD and on a rapidly growing international literature, and aims to provide a synthesis. We ad...
This IMS Vision 2020 Forum is intended to focus on the key issues shaping manufacturing in the early decades of the new century, having regard to emerging technological and socio-economic trends. My task in this paper is to provide some economic perspective to this agenda, with special reference to recent economic theorising about growth and to the...
The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective on the issues to be discussed at the National Medicines Policy Partnerships Workshop, into, that discussion. A major theme of the paper is that there is an urgent need, in the interests of better health outcomes for the Australian people, to transcend the current environment of crisis and confli...
This paper has two central themes. One is that to make sense of the results of work in mathematical economics over the past twenty years- the incredible richness of the models now being produced, the wide diversity of their policy implications and the evident failings of the welfare foundations of modern economics- requires an understanding of the...
Two central facts dominate the history of the world economy over the past two decades - the revolution in computing and communications and the rise of East Asia and ASEAN - although their conjunction is normally regarded as casual rather than causal. Over the same period one key theme in the intellectual history of economics has been the re-examina...
This chapter examines Australia's innovation system and the link between the innovation inputs and outputs, and economic growth.
This paper is concerned with the implications of the knowledge economy for the spatial distribution of economic activity in Australia, and with the role played by foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises (MNEs) in influencing that distribution. There are clearly two antithetical sets of forces in play globally: those working towards...
Two central facts provide the motivation for this paper, and the intersection between them provides the central question. The first fact is the fundamental transformation of global economic activity which is taking place, and which is sometimes referred to as the emergence of the global knowledge economy. When our grandchildren sit back and reflect...
With the emergence of the global knowledge economy we are seeing changes in the industrial composition of economies, in the nature of activities within industries, and in the relationships between industries. In this paper we seek to shed light on the nature of those changes. We begin by questioning the commonly held notion that a knowledge economy...
Prevailing approaches to policy issues in many Western countries in recent decades have reflected a characteristic cost of mind - neoclassical in economics, liberal and individualistic in politics, value neutral and universalistic in policy. This paper analyses some of the foundations of this cast of mind, deep-seated in Western intellectual histor...
Prevailing approaches to policy issues in many Western countries in recent decades have reflected a characteristic cast of mind - neoclassical in economics, liberal and individualistic in politics, value neutral and universalistic in policy. This paper analyses some of the foundations of this cast of mind, deep-seated in Western intellectual histor...
The environment in which research is being conducted and disseminated is undergoing profound change, with new technologies offering new opportunities, changing research practices demanding new capabilities, and increased focus on research performance. A key question facing us today is, are there new opportunities and new models for scholarly commun...
This report is also available at: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/publications/economicpublishingmodelsfinalreport.aspx A knowledge economy has been defined as: “…one in which the generation and exploitation of knowledge has come to play the predominant part in the creation of wealth. It is not simply about pushing back the frontiers of knowledg...
If we regard a thought as a mental event, questions arise of this form: what account are we to give of the relation between the mental event which is the thought and the object of the thought, particularly in the cases in which the object of the thought is some material thing other than the thinker? And relatedly: what account are we to give of thi...