Peter Schlyter

Blekinge Institute of Technology | BTH · Department of Spatial Planning - The Swedish School of Planning

This chapter examines from systems and livelihood perspectives, with Nemoral and Boreal forest zones of the Global North and Sweden as examples, how forestry may meet current and future sustainability challenges both as a traditional resource base and with respect to other ecosystem services. Previous and current forest policy/governance is briefly...

Phosphorus (P) availability is essential for global food security. A system dynamics model running from 1961 to 2050 was built for this study, linking global P supply to social, economic and environmental dynamics at regional level. Simulation results show that phosphate rock (PR) production needs to double by 2050 compared to present levels, in or...

The innovative Agrophotovoltaics (APV) system technology combines agricultural biomass and solar power production on the same site and aims at reducing the conflict between food and power production. Unrelated to this benefit, this technology may impact the landscape negatively and could thus be subject to public opposition and/or restraining frame...

In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural...

The extraction, supply, market price and recycling of the metals used for superalloys were modelled using the systems dynamics model WORLD6. Peak production per capita (Supply Security) and stock-in-use per capita (Utility of Use) as well as resource stock lifetime during self-supply (Resilience) are key indicators. The resource estimates made resu...

The extraction, supply, market price and recycling of the metals used for superalloys were modelled using the systems dynamics model WORLD6. Peak production per capita (Supply Security) and stock-in-use per capita (Utility of Use) as well as resource stock lifetime during self-supply (Conflict Resilience) have been looked at as key indicators. The...

A model for global supply of sand, gravel and cut stone for construction based on a system dynamics model was developed for inclusion in the WORLD6 model. The Sand-Gravel-Stone model simulates production and market supply, demand and price for natural sand and gravel, sand and gravel from crushed rock and cut stone. The model uses market mechanisms...

International and national policies stress the importance of spatial planning for the long-term sustain- ability of regions. This paper identifies the extent to which the spatial planning in a Swedish region can be characterised as a collaborative learning process. By combining qualitative interviews and systems thinking methods we analysed the mai...

This article describes 14 different case studies in Sweden, Norway, Scotland and Ukraine. It is about solving various problems and conflicts in complex socio-ecological systems, such as the conflict between hunters and the promotion of predators in forests; forestry and game management for the promotion of moose in forests; reindeer husbandry and t...

Translating policies about sustainable development as a social process and sustainability outcomes into the real world of social–ecological systems involves several challenges. Hence, research policies advocate improved innovative problem-solving capacity. One approach is transdisciplinary research that integrates research disciplines, as well as r...

Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) represents a technology with a great deal of promise for low- emissions electricity generation. Several recent studies have identified large swathes of the world’s ‘sunbelt’ as technically suitable for the technology, but current estimates grossly overestimate site suitability for CSP. There is a need for more...

Ten paleosols from four separate soil pits located in Kärkevagge, a glaciated trough in Swedish Lapland, were dated using radiocarbon. Each soil was dated using both conventional bulk soil organic material (SOM) and a pure sample of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungal spores. The latter are produced by ubiquitous mycorrhizal fungi associated with th...

Forest certification can be conceived as one of many rapidly growing non-state market driven (NSMD) modes of governance. The environmental effectiveness of forest certification is oftentimes evaluated by indicators such as stringency of standards, degree of participation by key stakeholders, certified area, etc. In political science, forest certifi...

Significant changes in the climatic system have been observed, which may be attributed to human-enhanced greenhouse effect. Even stronger changes are projected for the future, impacting in an increasing way on human activity sectors. The present contribution, prepared in the framework of the MICE (Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes) Project o...

This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives, research activities undertaken, and a selection of results generated in the European Commission-funded project entitled “Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes” (MICE) – a pan-European end-to-end assessment, from climate model to impact model, of the potential impacts of climate change on a...

The boreal and boreo-nemoral forests in Europe, which occur in northern and northeastern Europe, are dominated by 2 coniferous species, Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. being economically the most important one. Forestry is of major economic importance in this region. Forestry planning and climate change scenarios are based on similar (long-te...

In boreal and nemoboreal forests, tree frost hardiness is modified in reaction to cues from day length and temperature. The dehardening processes in Norway spruce, Picea abies, could be estimated to start when the daily mean temperature is above 5 °C for 5 days. Bud burst will occur approximately after 120–170 degree-days above 5 °C, dependent on g...

Severe storm damage has been a recurring problem to the Swedish forestry sector since, at least, the start of the19th century. This short communication presents a regionally resolved time-series of storm damage in Swedish forests during the last century. Data on storm damage have been gathered from the National Board of Forestry, the Regional Fores...

Karkevagge, an alpine ecosystem in the subarctic, has been the subject of scientific study for half a century. We investigated the relationship of its vegetation to soil properties. At the lowest elevations, on stable portions of the landscape dominated by Betula and Empetrum, are found Spodosols developed in glacio-fluvial sediments. Cryosaprists...

Detailed records of past storms and storm damages to forests are useful for determining the natural variability, detection of climate trends, and to establish statistical and causal relationships that can be used to assess storm damages in climate change scenarios. We have compiled a regionally resolved time-series of storm damages over Sweden cove...

It has been commonly acknowledged that climate change will cause an increased frequency of climate extremes. Furthermore, less obvious climate extremes may change in away that have dramatic ecological impact. Here we test the hypothesis that the frequency of temperature backlashes will increase, thus increasing the risk of frost damage in Swedish f...

Some 48 dolomite, 37 granite, and 19 limestone machine-polished disks were buried at soil horizon boundaries in 16 soil pits to maximum depths of 0·5–0·6 m within Kärkevagge, a presently periglacial, glaciated trough in Arctic Sweden. The objective of the ongoing study is to determine near-surface ‘potential’ weathering rates beneath birch forest,...

The global and regional decline in biodiversity during modern times is the result of several interacting factors due to changes in human numbers, life styles, ways of land-use and production and the associated load of environmental pollution. Current risks of irreversible loss of habitats and extinction of species is incomparably greatest in specie...

We have simulated the spatial relationship between temperature change and long-term potential vegetation cover dynamics. The results show that the potential vegetation and birch forest range is highly sensitive to the temperature conditions. Around 3000 BP the simulated potential vegetation cover began to decrease and at the time of the Viking sett...

Kärkevagge is a valley located in Swedish Lapland at approximately 68°N and represents an arctic–alpine landscape. It is a presently periglacial, glaciated trough incised into essentially horizontal metamorphic rocks, some of which are presumably pyrite-rich. A set of coordinated studies was undertaken to investigate the nature of chemical weatheri...

In 1994, nylon mesh bags containing ∼6.2-mm diameter fragments of either freshly crushed dolomite or granite were placed on meadow, solifluction meadow, birch, heath and alpine tundra vegetation that cover surfaces within Kärkevagge, a glaciated arctic–alpine valley in Swedish Lapland. Each vegetation category contained three replicate sites compri...

The purpose of this research was to: (1) characterize the clay mineralogy of soils in and adjacent to Kärkevagge, a recently deglaciated valley in Arctic Sweden, (2) document chemical weathering in a periglacial environment and (3) use the mineralogy to help explain landscape evolution. Soil samples were analyzed from 11 sites that differ in elevat...

We have simulated the spatial relationship between temperature change and long-term potential vegetatioin cover dynamics. The results show that the potential vagetation and birch forest range is highly sensitive to the temperature conditions. Around 3000 BP the simulated potential vegetation cover began to decrease and at the time of the Viking set...

A promising technique for dating paleosols is reported based on radiocarbon (14C) dating of asexual spores from vesicular–arbuscular mycorrizae (VAM). The soils are dispersed in water and some 6000–8000 spores separated by hand picking under a low power microscope. The dried spores are then dated by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS). A chronosequ...

This paper reports on some of the chemical characteristics of late melt-season water from Kärkevagge (“valley of the boulders”) above the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden. Included in the analyses were temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, SO4, NO3, K, SiO2, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe, and Al. These were measured in rain, late-lying snow, and water from th...

Karkevagge, a glacially eroded valley above the Arctic Circle in Sweden, is of particular interest because research findings there in the 1950s challenged the view that chemical weathering is insignificant in cold climates. Because of the wide elevation range, diverse landscapes, steep slopes, and proximity to tree line, soils in the watershed are...

Single-year air and ground temperature records from 1995 to 1996 in Karkevagge (approximately 68°26'N, 18°18'E), a glaciated trough in northern Sweden, are compared using reduced major axis analysis (RMAA) to demonstrate the limitations in using air temperatures as indicators of ground temperatures in an Arctic-alpine environment. While air tempera...

The chapter describes the climate, lakes and watercourses of Scania (Skåne). The account includes descriptions of the climate of the province in a global context, and gives an exposé of air pressure and wind, radiation climate, air temperature and humidity, fog, clouds, precipitation, evaporation, coastal and inland climates, local climates, the cl...

A design for generating distributed input data for a regionalized version of the steady-state model PROFILE was tested by Monte Carlo simulations of critical loads of acidity for 67 sites within a south Swedish municipality, Svalov. Input and output data were integrated in a geographic information system for data manipulation and to facilitate its...

Geochemical responses to potential global environmental change predicted by Global Circulation Models (GCM's) for high altitude/latitude environments are being assessed for Kärkevagge (literally translated as “boulder valley”), Swedish Lappland on the basis of a series of static and dynamic field and laboratory studies. Static studies provide basel...

Sizes of isolated and fully exposed largest lichens on 950 blocks of schistose rock record the times and extents of slush avalanches derived from a stream channel and cirque upstream from the 300 m long Kärkerieppe fan in Kärkevagge, northern Sweden. Small slush avalanches are so frequent that few blocks older than 50 years remain on the fanhead. A...

Systematic transect and grid surveys of ventifact presence/absence were made in order to assess palaeo-ventifact abundance/distribution through Denmark and southern Sweden. The transects reveal a continuous ventifact distribution from western Denmark to south-central Sweden giving evidence for the existence of significant palaeo-wind action in exte...

Geochemical responses to potential global environmental change predicted by Global Circulation Models (GCM's) for high altitude/latitude environments are being assessed for Kärkevagge (literally translated as "boulder valley"), Swedish Lappland on the basis of a series of static and dynamic field and laboratory studies. Static studies provide basel...

Sizes of isolated and fully exposed largest lichens on 950 blocks of schistose rock record the times and extents of slush avalanches derived from a stream channel and cirque upstream from the 300 m long Kärkerieppe fan in Kärkevagge, northern Sweden. Small slush avalanches are so frequent that few blocks older than 50 years remain on the fanhead. A...

Paleo-periglacial ventifacts are common in southern Sweden. Snow and/or silt abrasion have often been suggested as the agents for ventifact formation, owing to a comparative lack of eolian sands in the landscape. In order to assess the possibilities for ventifact formation by suspended silt and snow detailed studies on ventifact morphology have bee...

Modelled future, green-house gas induced, climate change is likely to affect the frequency and intensity of geomorphic processes. As the projected warming is more pronounced at higher latitudes the potential impact on arctic/alpine environments may be considerable. Previous comprehensive process and sediment budget studies can provide “base-line” i...

Modelled future, green-house gas induced, climate change is likely to affect the frequency and intensity of geomorphic processes. As the projected warming is more pronounced at higher latitudes the potential impact on arctic/alpine environments may be considerable. Previous comprehensive process and sediment budget studies can provide "base-line" i...

Large sorted polygons in Syrkadal Valley, SE Scania, S Sweden are described (UTM Grid Reference VB 615940 045610). A total number of 18 polygons are identified. Their mean size is 5.9 meters. Most stones and boulders in the vicinity are ventifacted whereas practically no polygon boulders are ventifacted. Both the polygons and the ventifacts are rel...

Large sorted polygons in Syrkadal Valley, SE Scania, S Sweden are described (UTM Grid Reference VB 615940 045610). A total number of 18 polygons are identified. Their mean size is 5.9 meters. Most stones and boulders in the vicinity are ventifacted whereas practically no polygon boulders are ventifacted. Both the polygons and the ventifacts are rel...

In general, current aeolian action is of minor geomorphic significance in the area discussed. Dune formation is, and has been, of significant geomorphic importance along the coasts but present day dune formation is marginal. Relict anthropogenic inland dunes are few and occur on scattered localities where site conditions and material supply were fa...

Thermal imaging from helicopter has in this project been evaluated primarily with regard to the systems´capabilities in field conditions. The possibilities of subsequent digital image processing have, in accordance with the original intentions of the project, also been investigated, albeit less thoroughly. Three separate systems have been evaluated...

By means of methods used in Quaternary bio-stratigraphy and geomorphology a reconstruction of the cold climate environment in Scania during the Younger Dryas period (11 000-10 200 BP) is made. The geomorphological part deals particularly with landforms and material related to nivation, local glaciation, frost cracks in sandy soils and wind flutes o...

Results from a trial forest damage survey in Scania, S Sweden, 1985, based on air-photo interpretation of large scale (1:5000) colour infrared photographs, are compared favourably with results form the National Forest Survey. -from English summary

Date of spring swarming 4 8 12 170 210 250 Date of summer swarming Frequency Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) Timing of spring and late summer swarming during 1961-1990 and in the future scenarios SRES A2 and SRES B2. Present day and future situation are calculated with a temperature dependent population model for several sites in Sweden. The f...